JP2014086191A - 光増感色素及びこれを有する色素増感太陽電池 - Google Patents
光増感色素及びこれを有する色素増感太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014086191A JP2014086191A JP2012232388A JP2012232388A JP2014086191A JP 2014086191 A JP2014086191 A JP 2014086191A JP 2012232388 A JP2012232388 A JP 2012232388A JP 2012232388 A JP2012232388 A JP 2012232388A JP 2014086191 A JP2014086191 A JP 2014086191A
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- Prior art keywords
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- dye
- photosensitizing dye
- substituted
- solar cell
- Prior art date
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- 230000002165 photosensitisation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 133
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003862 amino acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007611 bar coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004618 benzofuryl group Chemical group O1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004196 benzothienyl group Chemical group S1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
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- XELZGAJCZANUQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 1-acetylthieno[3,2-c]pyrazole-5-carboxylate Chemical compound CC(=O)N1N=CC2=C1C=C(C(=O)OC)S2 XELZGAJCZANUQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
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Abstract
【解決手段】6−(2−ナフチル)−2,2’−ビピリジン−4,4’−ジカルボン酸、(2,2’−ビピリジン−4,4’−ジカルボン酸)[6−(2−ナフチル)−2,2’−ビピリジン−4,4’−ジカルボン酸]ジチオシアナートルテニウム等の光増感色素。
【選択図】なし
Description
作用極10は、上述したように、透明基板11と、透明基板11の上に設けられる透明導電膜12と、透明導電膜12の上に設けられる少なくとも1つの酸化物半導体層13とを有している。
対極20は、上述したように、導電性基板21と、導電性基板21のうち作用極10側に設けられて電解質40の還元に寄与する導電性の触媒層22とを備えるものである。
封止部30としては、例えば、変性ポリオレフィン樹脂、ビニルアルコール重合体などの熱可塑性樹脂、及び、紫外線硬化樹脂などの樹脂が挙げられる。変性ポリオレフィン樹脂としては、例えばアイオノマー、エチレン−ビニル酢酸無水物共重合体、エチレン−メタクリル酸共重合体およびエチレン−ビニルアルコール共重合体が挙げられる。これらの樹脂は単独で又は2種以上を組み合せて用いることができる。
電解質40は、例えばI−/I3 −などの酸化還元対と有機溶媒とを含んでいる。有機溶媒としては、アセトニトリル、メトキシアセトニトリル、メトキシプロピオニトリル、プロピオニトリル、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、γ−ブチロラクトン、バレロニトリル、ピバロニトリル、グルタロニトリル、メタクリロニトリル、イソブチロニトリル、フェニルアセトニトリル、アクリロニトリル、スクシノニトリル、オキサロニトリル、ペンタニトリル、アジポニトリルなどを用いることができる。酸化還元対としては、例えばI−/I3 −のほか、臭素/臭化物イオン、亜鉛錯体、鉄錯体、コバルト錯体などのレドックス対が挙げられる。また電解質40は、有機溶媒に代えて、イオン液体を用いてもよい。イオン液体としては、例えばピリジニウム塩、イミダゾリウム塩、トリアゾリウム塩等の既知のヨウ素塩であって、室温付近で溶融状態にある常温溶融塩が用いられる。このような常温溶融塩としては、例えば、1−ヘキシル−3−メチルイミダゾリウムヨーダイド、1−エチル−3−プロピルイミダゾリウムヨーダイド、ジメチルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド、エチルメチルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド、ジメチルプロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド、ブチルメチルイミダゾリウムアイオダイド、又は、メチルプロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイドが好適に用いられる。
光増感色素は、上記一般式(1)で表される。
共吸着剤は、上記光増感色素同士の会合を抑制するものであればよいが、共吸着剤としては下記一般式(17)で表される有機化合物又はその塩が用いられてもよい。ここで、有機化合物は非金属原子のみで構成される。
(合成例1)
6−(2−ナフチル)−2,2’−ビピリジン−4,4’−ジカルボン酸の合成
6−クロロ−2,2’−ビピリジン−4,4’−ジカルボン酸ジメチル1.34gをテトラヒドロフラン240mlに溶解させて溶液を得た。そして、この溶液に2−ナフチルボロン酸ピナコールエステル1.34g、テトラキス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(0)0.25g、炭酸ナトリウム0.56g及び水50mlを加え、反応溶液を得た。そして、この反応溶液を、アルゴン雰囲気下、2時間加熱還流させて反応を行わせた。反応終了後、得られた溶液を静置して水層と有機層とに分離させた。水層をクロロホルムで抽出処理し、この抽出処理により得られた抽出液を、上記有機層と合わせて一つの有機層とした。そして、この有機層を飽和食塩水で洗浄した。次に、飽和食塩水から有機層を分離した後、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、有機層から溶媒を減圧留去して粗生成物を得た。得られた粗生成物をクロロホルムにて再結晶し、固体1.19gを得た。この固体についてNMRを測定したところ、結果は以下に示す通りであった。
1H−NMR(270MHz/CDCl3)δ(ppm):4.04(s、6H)、7.55(m、2H)、7.92(m、2H)、8.02(m、2H)、8.40(d、1H)、8.52(s、1H)、8.66(s、1H)、8.89(d、1H)、8.93(s、1H)、9.17(s、1H)
上記のようにして得られた6−(2−ナフチル)−2,2’−ビピリジン−4,4’−ジカルボン酸110mgとジクロロ(p−シメン)ルテニウム(II)ダイマー90mgとをジメチルホルムアミド40mlに溶解させ、アルゴン雰囲気下、80℃で4時間撹拌し、反応溶液を得た。続いてこの反応溶液を、2,2’−ビピリジン−4,4’−ジカルボン酸38mgを加えて140℃で4時間加熱還流した。さらにこの反応溶液にテトラブチルアンモニウムチオシアナート2.7gを加え、140℃で4時間加熱還流した。加熱終了後、得られた溶液から溶媒を減圧留去し、残渣を0.1M水酸化テトラブチルアンモニウム水溶液に溶解させた。そして、得られた溶液に硝酸を加えてpHを3.4に調整して沈殿物を得た。続いて、得られた沈殿物をろ別して粗生成物を得た。この粗生成物をカラムクロマトグラフィー(充填剤:Sephadex LH−20、溶離液:水)にて精製し、固体130mgを得た。この固体についてNMR及びMS(マススペクトル)を測定したところ、結果は以下に示す通りであった。
1H−NMR(270MHz/CD3OD)δ(ppm):6.22(d)、6.53(s)、6.94(d)、7.15−7.38(d)、7.42−7.90(m)、7.90−8.11(m)、8.23(m)、8.32(s)、8.58(m)、8.71(d)、9.00(s)、9.17(s)、9.52(d)
MS(ESI−MS):m/z=830.5
まずガラスからなる厚さ1mmの透明基板の上に、厚さ1μmのFTOからなる透明導電膜を形成してなる透明導電性基板を準備した。
光増感色素としてN719を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして色素増感太陽電池を作製した。
(1)光増感色素の評価
合成例1および比較例1の光増感色素をそれぞれエタノールに溶解させて0.05mMの溶液とし、紫外可視(UV−vis)分光光度計(島津製作所社製、製品名UV2550)で吸光度を測定し、モル吸光係数のスペクトルを得た。結果を図4に示す。図4において、実線がそれぞれ実施例1の吸光スペクトルであり、破線が比較例1の吸光スペクトルである。
まず、実施例1及び比較例1の色素増感太陽電池について、ソーラーシュミレーター(山下電装社製、製品名YSS−150A)を用いて、照射光100mW/cm3(1sun)、エアマス1.5の条件での光電変換効率η1(%)を測定し、これを高照度下における光電変換効率とした。
光電変換効率比η=η1/η2
実施例1〜5及び比較例1について、光電変換効率比ηの値を表1に示す。
11…透明基板
12…透明導電膜
13…酸化物半導体層
15…透明導電性基板(第1電極)
20…対極(第2電極)
40…電解質
100…色素増感太陽電池
Claims (6)
- 下記一般式(1)で表される光増感色素。
- 前記一般式(1)において、MがRuである請求項1に記載の光増感色素。
- 前記一般式(1)において、Y1及びY2が−NCS基である請求項1又は2に記載の光増感色素。
- 前記一般式(1)〜(6)において、X1〜X4がそれぞれ独立に水素原子又は−CO2R1基である請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の光増感色素。
- 透明基板及び前記透明基板上に設けられる透明導電膜を有する第1電極と、
前記第1電極に対向する第2電極と、
前記第1電極又は前記第2電極に設けられる酸化物半導体層と、
前記第1電極及び前記第2電極の間に設けられる電解質と、
前記酸化物半導体層に吸着される光増感色素と、
を備え、
前記光増感色素が請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の光増感色素を含む色素増感太陽電池。 - 前記酸化物半導体層に吸着される共吸着剤をさらに含む請求項5に記載の色素増感太陽電池。
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