JP2014043943A - 等速自在継手用保持器およびこれを組み込んだ固定式等速自在継手、並びにこの固定式等速自在継手を組み込んだドライブシャフト - Google Patents
等速自在継手用保持器およびこれを組み込んだ固定式等速自在継手、並びにこの固定式等速自在継手を組み込んだドライブシャフト Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014043943A JP2014043943A JP2013092558A JP2013092558A JP2014043943A JP 2014043943 A JP2014043943 A JP 2014043943A JP 2013092558 A JP2013092558 A JP 2013092558A JP 2013092558 A JP2013092558 A JP 2013092558A JP 2014043943 A JP2014043943 A JP 2014043943A
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- Prior art keywords
- constant velocity
- velocity universal
- cage
- universal joint
- mass
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
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- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
- F16D3/2237—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts where the grooves are composed of radii and adjoining straight lines, i.e. undercut free [UF] type joints
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
- F16D3/224—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts the groove centre-lines in each coupling part lying on a sphere
- F16D3/2245—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts the groove centre-lines in each coupling part lying on a sphere where the groove centres are offset from the joint centre
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
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- F16D3/227—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts the groove centre-lines in each coupling part lying on a cylinder co-axial with the respective coupling part the joints being telescopic
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
- F16D2003/22303—Details of ball cages
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0004—Materials; Production methods therefor metallic
- F16D2200/0008—Ferro
- F16D2200/0021—Steel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2250/00—Manufacturing; Assembly
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2250/00—Manufacturing; Assembly
- F16D2250/0038—Surface treatment
- F16D2250/0053—Hardening
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】 ほぼ均一な肉厚を有するリング状に形成され、その周方向にトルク伝達ボールを収容する複数のポケット20、80、110を備えた等速自在継手用保持器5、65、95において、保持器5、65、95は、C:0.41〜0.51質量%、Si:0.10〜0.35質量%、Mn:0.60〜0.90質量%、P:0.005〜0.030質量%、S:0.002〜0.035質量%を含有し、残部をFeおよび製鋼、精錬時に不可避的に残留する元素からなる炭素鋼で形成され、熱処理として浸炭焼入焼戻しが施されており、ポケット20、80、110の側面23、83、113が熱処理後の仕上げ加工により形成されていることを特徴とする。
【選択図】図1
Description
[C:0.41〜0.51質量%]
C(炭素)は、不完全焼入組織の発生に強く影響し、芯部の焼入性、鍛造性、機械加工性にも影響する元素である。0.41質量%未満では、素材硬さがHRB786より軟化し機械加工後ムシレやカエリが発生し、また、不完全焼入組織が発生し、十分な芯部の硬さが得られず強度が低下するため、0.41質量%以上が必要である。一方、Cの含有量が多くなると、素材硬さが増加しHRB94を超えると窓抜きプレス性や被削性等の加工性を著しく阻害し、また、浸炭焼入焼戻し後に芯部硬さが増加し脆化するため、他の添加元素による硬さ増加も考慮して、上限を0.51質量%とした。
Si(珪素)は脱酸に必要な元素であるため0.2質量%以上が必要である。一方、Siは、軟化抵抗特性を向上させるため増量させることが望ましいが、浸炭焼入焼戻しによる異常層を増加させ、粒界脆化を起こす元素であるから上限を0.35質量%とした。
Mn(マンガン)は、焼入性の向上に有用な元素である。浸炭時の粒界酸化を増加させるために添加量を抑制する場合もあるが、Mnを低下させると浸炭部の焼入性が低下し、耐摩耗特性を低下させる。このような観点から、0.6質量%未満では十分な焼入性を確保できない。一方、0.9質量%を超えるとパーライト分率が増加して硬化するため、鍛造性と機械加工性を低下させる。このため、Mnの含有量の上限を0.9質量%以下とした。
P(燐)は、焼入性向上に寄与する元素であるが、粒界を脆化する元素でもある。特に、0.030質量%を超えると粒界脆化が著しい。一方、0.005質量%未満では精錬工程での低減が困難で製造コストが増大すると共に、焼入性の低下も招く。
S(硫黄)は、被削性を向上させる元素であるが、靭性を低下させる元素でもあるので低いほどよい。特に、0.035質量%を超えると靭性の低下が著しく、部品の強度が低下する他、部品を製造する過程で鍛造割れを引き起こすことになる。一方、0.002質量%未満では、被削性を向上させるMnS(硫化マンガン)が生成されなくなり、被削性が低下するため、下限を0.002質量%とした。
(1)鋼管→切断→据え込み→旋削→窓(ポケット)プレス→窓仕上げ→浸炭焼入焼戻し→最終仕上げ
(2)鋼管→切断→旋削→ローリング→旋削→窓プレス→窓仕上げ→浸炭焼入焼戻し→最終仕上げ
(3)棒鋼→切断→熱間鍛造→旋削→窓プレス→窓仕上げ→浸炭焼入焼戻し→最終仕上げ
上記の加工方法の各工程は、代表的な例を示すものであって、必要に応じて適宜変更や追加を行うことができる。例えば、据え込みやローリング加工後に加工硬化したものを軟化させるために、熱処理を加えたり、熱処理前の窓仕上げを省略する工程も考えられる。本発明は、加工方法に限定されるものではない。
[実施例1に用いた鋼管の材料成分]
C:0.45質量%、Si:0.24質量%、Mn:0.76質量%、P:0.014質量%、S:0.012質量%、Cu:0.02質量%、Cr:0.16質量%、Ni:0.03質量%、Mo:0.01質量%、Ti:0.001質量%、B:0.0001質量%を含有し、残部をFeおよび製鋼、精錬時に不可避的に残留する元素からなる。鋼管の硬さは、焼なまし後でHV185であった。
[比較例に用いた鋼管の材料成分]
C:0.15質量%、Si:0.29質量%、Mn:0.73質量%、P:0.015質量%、S:0.018質量%、Cu:0.02質量%、Cr:1.00質量%、Ni:0.02質量%、Mo:0.01質量%、Ti:0.001質量%、B:0.0001質量%を含有し、残部をFeおよび製鋼、精錬時に不可避的に残留する元素からなる。鋼管の硬さは、焼なまし後でHV150であった。
試験の結果、比較例の強度を基準にして、実施例1は15%強度が向上し、実施例2では6%強度し、実施例3は3%強度が向上した。実施例1と実施例2および実施例3の保持器は、比較例の保持器に対して、表層の炭素濃度が低下し芯部硬さが増加しているので、強度が向上すると考えられる。
試験の結果、比較例の転動寿命を基準にして、実施例1、2、3は同等の結果であった。芯部硬さが増加し、表面硬度の低下分を補強したことにより、転動寿命が同等となったと考えられる。
2、62、92 外側継手部材
3、63、93 内側継手部材
4、64、94 トルク伝達ボール
5、65、95 保持器
6、66、96 トラック溝
7、67、97 トラック溝
10、70、100 球状外周面
11、71、101 球状内周面
12、102 シャフト
20、80、110 ポケット
23、83、113 側面
A 曲率中心
B 曲率中心
E 曲率中心
F 曲率中心
G 曲率中心
H 曲率中心
K 窓寸法
O 継手中心
X 継手の軸線
f1 オフセット量
f2 オフセット量
f3 オフセット量
Claims (7)
- ほぼ均一な肉厚を有するリング状に形成され、その周方向にトルク伝達ボールを収容する複数のポケットを備えた等速自在継手用保持器において、
前記保持器は、C:0.41〜0.51質量%、Si:0.10〜0.35質量%、Mn:0.60〜0.90質量%、P:0.005〜0.030質量%、S:0.002〜0.035質量%を含有し、残部をFeおよび製鋼、精錬時に不可避的に残留する元素からなる炭素鋼で形成され、熱処理として浸炭焼入焼戻しが施されており、前記ポケットの側面が熱処理後の仕上げ加工により形成されていることを特徴とする等速自在継手用保持器。 - 前記保持器は、球状外周面と球状内周面を有し、球状外周面の曲率中心と球状内周面の曲率中心との軸方向のオフセット量が1mm未満のほぼ均一な肉厚を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の等速自在継手用保持器。
- 前記保持器を形成する炭素鋼が、C:0.42〜0.48質量%を含有し、表面硬さがHRC58以上で、芯部硬さをHRC56〜59としたことを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の等速自在継手用保持器。
- 前記保持器の全硬化層深さを0.25〜0.55mmとしたことを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の等速自在継手用保持器。
- 前記保持器の表層の炭素濃度を0.55〜0.75質量%としたことを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の等速自在継手用保持器。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の等速自在継手用保持器を組み込んだことを特徴とする固定式等速自在継手。
- 請求項6に記載の固定式等速自在継手を組み込んだことを特徴とするドライブシャフト。
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US14/419,104 US9816565B2 (en) | 2012-08-03 | 2013-08-01 | Cage for constant velocity universal joint, fixed type constant velocity universal joint incorporating same, and drive shaft incorporating said fixed type constant velocity universal joint |
PCT/JP2013/070898 WO2014021428A1 (ja) | 2012-08-03 | 2013-08-01 | 等速自在継手用保持器およびこれを組み込んだ固定式等速自在継手、並びにこの固定式等速自在継手を組み込んだドライブシャフト |
EP13825627.6A EP2881605B1 (en) | 2012-08-03 | 2013-08-01 | Cage for constant-velocity universal joint, fixed type constant-velocity universal joint incorporating same, and drive shaft incorporating said fixed type constant-velocity universal joint |
CN201380040984.XA CN104508310B (zh) | 2012-08-03 | 2013-08-01 | 等速万向联轴器用保持器、组装有其的固定式等速万向联轴器、以及组装有该固定式等速万向联轴器的驱动轴 |
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