JP2013539788A - 食品、医薬品、化粧品、栄養補助食品、および生物学的医薬品の材料としてのコーヒー抽出物 - Google Patents
食品、医薬品、化粧品、栄養補助食品、および生物学的医薬品の材料としてのコーヒー抽出物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013539788A JP2013539788A JP2013533970A JP2013533970A JP2013539788A JP 2013539788 A JP2013539788 A JP 2013539788A JP 2013533970 A JP2013533970 A JP 2013533970A JP 2013533970 A JP2013533970 A JP 2013533970A JP 2013539788 A JP2013539788 A JP 2013539788A
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2010年10月13日に出願された米国特許仮出願第61/392,828号の利益を主張するものであり、その仮出願を参照により全体として本明細書に組み込む。
別段の定義のない限り、本明細書で使用される用語は、本発明が属する技術分野の技術者が通常理解するのと同じ意味を有する。
未焙煎コーヒー豆の脱カフェイン
カフェインは、コーヒー中の生理活性成分であり、集中的に研究されてきた。カフェインは、Rungeによって1820年に発見された。このプリンの化学名は、1,3,7−トリメチルキサンチン(trimethylaxanthine)である。これは、融点236℃の針状結晶であるとされる。コーヒー豆には、種および起源に応じて0.8と2.8%の間のカフェインが含まれている。
超臨界流体抽出法の概念は、1879年に初めて認識された。非特許文献5は、固体化合物が超臨界流体に溶解できることを報告するものであった。超臨界流体技術の食品加工への応用例ではほとんどすべて、CO2を溶媒として使用する。濃密CO2は、食品加工において重要な広範囲の化合物にとって強力な溶媒であるだけでなく、比較的不活性で、安価で、無毒性で、リサイクル可能で、不燃性で、高純度のものが容易に入手可能であり、残渣を残さない。臨界点は31.1℃および7.58MPa(75.8バール)であるので、近臨界および超臨界CO2を様々な温度および圧力で使用することができ、比較的安全で、使いやすく、特に熱に不安定な化合物の抽出に適している(非特許文献6)。化合物の超臨界流体に対する溶解性は、溶媒の密度、および溶質の溶媒に対する物理化学的親和性に依存している。溶解した化合物は、密度を下げるために単に圧力を下げるまたは温度を上げるだけで、あるいは化合物を適切な吸着剤に吸着させることによって回収することができる。しかし、この技術の不利な点として、高圧操作のため初期投資および維持費が高いことを認めなければならない。コストは、商業化において最も重要な問題である。
一実施態様において、図1から5を参照して、未焙煎コーヒーを、超臨界二酸化炭素脱カフェインによって抽出すると、粗カフェインが生成する。粗カフェインまたはその真空乾燥生成物を水に再懸濁させたものは、粗カフェインの水懸濁液の濾過プロセスの保持液を植物化学物質またはポリフェノール濃縮抽出物(または画分)として回収することによって、カフェインを低減し、ポリフェノールを濃縮するようにさらに加工される。食品(図1)、医薬品(図2)、化粧品(図3)、栄養補助食品(図4)、もしくは生物学的医薬品(図5)、または食品(図1)、医薬品(図2)、化粧品(図3)、栄養補助食品(図4)、もしくは生物学的医薬品(図5)の成分に、植物化学物質もしくはポリフェノール濃縮抽出物(または画分)を補充して、食品製品(図1)、医薬品製剤(図2)、化粧品製品(図3)、栄養補助食品製品(図4)、または生物学的医薬品製剤(図5)を生産する。図1から5において、植物化学物質もしくはポリフェノール濃縮抽出物(または画分)は、活性成分、あるいは添加剤または賦形剤または不活性(非治療的)材料として機能する。後者の例として、植物化学物質もしくはポリフェノール濃縮抽出物(または画分)は、食品製品(図1)、医薬品製剤(図2)、化粧品製品(図3)、栄養補助食品製品(図4)、または生物学的医薬品製剤(図5)の安定性または貯蔵寿命を改善するように抗酸化剤として機能する。前者の例として、植物化学物質もしくはポリフェノール濃縮抽出物(または画分)は、グルコース取り込みを刺激し、COX−2を阻害し、または神経保護薬として作用し、あるいは、さらに組織または皮膚にダメージを与える酸素ラジカルから保護するように製品の活性成分として機能する。
抽出は、この用語が薬剤に関して使用されるとき、植物または動物組織の薬理活性部分と不活性(inactive)または不活性(inert)成分を、様々な抽出手順で選択溶媒を使用することによって分離するものである。植物から得られた生成物は、ほとんど経口用または外用を対象とする比較的不純な濃縮物である。得られた調製物は、一般的に生薬と呼ばれる。
原薬は最も頻繁に、錠剤やカプセル剤などの固体剤形によって経口投与されるが、散剤も最も簡素な剤形として投与することができる。錠剤およびカプセル剤の調製に使用される大規模生産方法は、通常、活性成分以外に他の材料の存在を必要とする。添加剤を製剤に含めて、取扱いを容易にし、物理的外見を向上させ、安定性を改善し、および投与後の医薬品の血流への送達を助けることもできる。
糖尿病(DM)は、高血糖;脂質、炭水化物、およびタンパク質の代謝の変化;ならびに血管疾患の合併症のリスク増加を特徴とする一群の症候群からなる。大部分の患者は、臨床的に1型または2型糖尿病として分類することができる。DMまたは炭水化物不耐症は、ある種の他の病態または症候群にも関連している。DMの診断の判断基準は、いくつかの医療機関によって提案されてきた。米国糖尿病協会(ADA)の判断基準としては、ランダム血中グルコース濃度が200mg/dlを超える、空腹時血中グルコース濃度が126mg/dlを超える、または経口グルコース負荷の摂取の2時間後の血中グルコース濃度が200mg/dlを超えることが挙げられる。非特許文献17。
炎症過程は、傷害性刺激に対する応答である。プロスタグランジンは、炎症の発生に関与する。アスピリンおよびNSAIDS(非ステロイド系抗炎症薬)は、プロスタグランジンの生合成を阻害する。プロスタグランジン合成経路の最初の酵素は、シクロオキシゲナーゼまたはCOXである。この酵素はアラキドン酸を不安定中間体に変換し、トロンボキサンA2および様々のプロスタグランジンの産生に至る。アスピリンとNSAIDSの治療用量は、COX酵素およびプロスタグランジン産生を阻害する。
アルツハイマー病は、後半の人生において認知症の主な原因である。認知症は、日常生活および活動に支障をきたすほどの認知機能の低下を指す広義語である。可能性の高い(probable)アルツハイマー病の最も広く受け入れられている診断基準は、National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and StrokeおよびAlzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Associationが提供しているものである(NINCDS−ADRDA:非特許文献26)。これらの基準には、臨床検査によって確立し、神経心理学的検査によって確認された認知症の存在が含まれている。認知症は、意識障害がなく、精神活性物質が存在し、またはそれ自体でひとりでにこれらの進行性障害の原因となることがある他の何らかの病態、神経学的状態、もしくは精神状態にある高齢者における複数の進行性認知障害を含むものと説明される。非特許文献27にも、アルツハイマー型認知症の診断基準の概要が記されているが、通常NINCDS−ADRDA基準と矛盾しない。DSM−IVは、血管性認知症の診断基準、ならびにHIV疾患、頭部外傷、パーキンソン病、ハンチントン病、ピック病、クロイツフェルトヤコブ病、および他の一般病態および病因を含めて、他の一般病態による認知症の診断基準も提供する。認知症の新たな原因および変種が解明され続けており、認知症性疾患の診断基準も改良され続けている。
母集団の50%に指定された効果を生じるのに必要とされる医薬品の用量が、半有効量であり、ED50と略される。医薬品の前臨床試験において、半致死量は実験動物で判定して、LD50と略される。LD50とED30の比は、医薬品が所望の作用対有害作用をもたらす際にいかに選択的であるかを提示する治療係数という指標である。高い治療係数を示す医薬品が好ましい。
食品添加物は、FD&C法の201(s)節(Section 201(s) of the FD&C Act)にて、GRASでもなく、1958年より前に認可されたものでもなく、その他の方法で食品添加物の定義から除外されたものでもない場合に任意の物質として定義されるものであり、その物質は、所期の使用によって、直接または間接に任意の食品(食品を生産、製造、充填(packing)、加工、調製、処理、包装(packaging)、輸送、または保持する際に使用するための任意の物質を含み;かつ任意のこのような使用のための任意の放射線源を含む)の成分になる、またはその他の方法で任意の食品の特徴に影響を及ぼすことになる、あるいはそのようになるものと当然予想され得るものである。
化粧品成分は、FD&C法の下に、化粧品成分のラベル表示の目的でCommissionerによって確立された名称により、またはCommissionerによって確立された名称のない場合には、以下の概論:(a)CTFA(Cosmetic,Toiletry and Fragrance Association,Inc.)化粧品成分辞典;(b)米国薬局方;(c)米国国民医薬品集;(d)米国食品添加物公定書;および(e)USAN and the USP Dictionary of Drug Namesの諸版および補遺に記載のその成分に採用された名称により特定される。どれにもその成分の名称が記載されていない場合、通常消費者に認知されている名称、あるいはは化学的もしくは専門的な名称または記述が使用される。
栄養補助食品中の材料のタイプには、その特色として他の食品材料(例えば、水および砂糖)、および工業用添加物(technical additive)または加工助剤(例えば、ゼラチン、澱粉、着色剤、安定剤、保存剤、およびフレーバー)が含まれる。
Claims (30)
- 食品製品を含む組成物であって、
前記食品製品は、粗カフェインから回収された植物化学物質画分からなり、
前記植物化学物質画分は、カフェインに対するポリフェノールの比が約20、10〜30もしくは40、または10を超える、
ことを特徴とする組成物。 - 前記植物化学物質画分は、粗カフェインの水懸濁液の濾過プロセスの保持液であり、
前記粗カフェインは、未焙煎コーヒー豆の脱カフェインプロセスの生成物である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の組成物。 - 食品製品を生産するプロセスであって、
食品または食品の成分に、請求項1または2に記載のものである、粗カフェインから回収された植物化学物質画分を補充するステップを含み、それにより前記食品製品が生産される、
ことを特徴とするプロセス。 - 医薬品製剤を含む組成物であって、
前記医薬品製剤は、粗カフェインから回収された植物化学物質画分からなり、
前記植物化学物質画分は、カフェインに対するポリフェノールの比が約20、10〜30もしくは40、または10を超える、
ことを特徴とする組成物。 - 前記植物化学物質画分は、粗カフェインの水懸濁液の濾過プロセスの保持液であり、
前記粗カフェインは、未焙煎コーヒー豆の脱カフェインプロセスの生成物である、
ことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の組成物。 - 医薬品製剤を生産するプロセスであって、
医薬品または医薬品の成分に、請求項4または5に記載のものである、粗カフェインから回収された植物化学物質画分を補充するステップを含み、それにより前記医薬品製剤が生産される、
ことを特徴とするプロセス。 - 化粧品製品を含む組成物であって、
前記化粧品製品は、粗カフェインから回収された植物化学物質画分からなり、
前記植物化学物質画分は、カフェインに対するポリフェノールの比が約20、10〜30もしくは40、または10を超える、
ことを特徴とする組成物。 - 前記植物化学物質画分は、粗カフェインの水懸濁液の濾過プロセスの保持液であり、
前記粗カフェインは、未焙煎コーヒー豆の脱カフェインプロセスの生成物である、
ことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の組成物。 - 化粧品製品を生産するプロセスであって、
化粧品または化粧品の成分に、請求項7または8に記載のものである、粗カフェインから回収された植物化学物質画分を補充するステップを含み、それにより前記化粧品製品が生産される、
ことを特徴とするプロセス。 - 栄養補助食品製品を含む組成物であって、
前記栄養補助食品製品は、粗カフェインから回収された植物化学物質画分からなり、
前記植物化学物質画分は、カフェインに対するポリフェノールの比が約20、10〜30もしくは40、または10を超える、
ことを特徴とする組成物。 - 前記植物化学物質画分は、粗カフェインの水懸濁液の濾過プロセスの保持液であり、
前記粗カフェインは、未焙煎コーヒー豆の脱カフェインプロセスの生成物である、
ことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の組成物。 - 栄養補助食品製品を生産するプロセスであって、
栄養補助食品または栄養補助食品の成分に、請求項10または11に記載のものである、粗カフェインから回収された植物化学物質画分を補充するステップを含み、それにより前記栄養補助食品製品が生産される、
ことを特徴とするプロセス。 - 生物学的医薬品製剤を含む組成物であって、
前記生物学的医薬品製剤は、粗カフェインから回収された植物化学物質画分からなり、
前記植物化学物質画分は、カフェインに対するポリフェノールの比が約20、10〜30もしくは40、または10を超える、
ことを特徴とする組成物。 - 前記植物化学物質画分は、粗カフェインの水懸濁液の濾過プロセスの保持液であり、
前記粗カフェインは、未焙煎コーヒー豆の脱カフェインプロセスの生成物である、
ことを特徴とする請求項13に記載の組成物。 - 生物学的医薬品製剤を生産するプロセスであって、
生物学的医薬品または生物学的医薬品の成分に、請求項13または14に記載のものである、粗カフェインから回収された植物化学物質画分を補充するステップを含み、それにより前記生物学的医薬品が生産される、
ことを特徴とするプロセス。 - 神経保護を促進するプロセスであって、
a.神経保護を必要とする対象者を特定するステップと、
b.神経保護を促進するのに有効な量の請求項1、2、4、5、7、8、10、11、13、または14に記載の組成物を前記対象者に投与するステップと、
を含むことを特徴とするプロセス。 - 神経保護を促進するプロセスであって、
a.神経保護を促進するのに有効な量の請求項1、2、4、5、7、8、10、11、13、または14に記載の組成物を対象者に投与するステップと、
b.前記対象者における神経保護を測定するステップと、
を含むことを特徴とするプロセス。 - COX−2を阻害するプロセスであって、
a.COX−2の阻害を必要とする対象者を特定するステップと、
b.COX−2を阻害するのに有効な量の請求項1、2、4、5、7、8、10、11、13、または14に記載の組成物を前記対象者に投与するステップと、
を含むことを特徴とするプロセス。 - COX−2を阻害するプロセスであって、
a.COX−2を阻害するのに有効な量の請求項1、2、4、5、7、8、10、11、13、または14に記載の組成物を対象者に投与するステップと、
b.前記対象者におけるCOX−2の阻害を測定するステップと、
を含むことを特徴とするプロセス。 - グルコース取り込みを刺激するプロセスであって、
a.グルコース取り込みの刺激を必要とする対象者を特定するステップと、
b.グルコース取り込みを刺激するのに有効な量の請求項1、2、4、5、7、8、10、11、13、または14に記載の組成物を前記対象者に投与するステップと、
を含むことを特徴とするプロセス。 - グルコース取り込みを刺激するプロセスであって、
a.グルコース取り込みを刺激するのに有効な量の請求項1、2、4、5、7、8、10、11、13、または14に記載の組成物を対象者に投与するステップと、
b.前記対象者におけるグルコース取り込みの刺激を測定するステップと、
を含むことを特徴とするプロセス。 - 認知症または年齢に関連した認知機能低下を治療するプロセスであって、
a.認知症または年齢に関連した認知機能低下の治療を必要とする対象者を特定するステップと、
b.認知症または年齢に関連した認知機能低下を治療するのに有効な量の請求項1、2、4、5、7、8、10、11、13、または14に記載の組成物を前記対象者に投与するステップと、
を含むことを特徴とするプロセス。 - 認知症または年齢に関連した認知機能低下を治療するプロセスであって、
a.認知症または年齢に関連した認知機能低下を治療するのに有効な量の請求項1、2、4、5、7、8、10、11、13、または14に記載の組成物を対象者に投与するステップと、
b.前記対象者における認知症または年齢に関連した認知機能低下の治療を測定するステップと、
を含むことを特徴とするプロセス。 - 炎症を抑制するプロセスであって、
a.炎症の抑制を必要とする対象者を特定するステップと、
b.炎症を抑制するのに有効な量の請求項1、2、4、5、7、8、10、11、13、または14に記載の組成物を前記対象者に投与するステップと、
を含むことを特徴とするプロセス。 - 炎症を抑制するプロセスであって、
a.炎症を抑制するのに有効な量の請求項1、2、4、5、7、8、10、11、13、または14に記載の組成物を対象者に投与するステップと、
b.前記対象者における炎症の抑制を測定するステップと、
を含むことを特徴とするプロセス。 - 糖尿病を治療するプロセスであって、
a.糖尿病の治療を必要とする対象者を特定するステップと、
b.糖尿病を治療するのに有効な量の請求項1、2、4、5、7、8、10、11、13、または14に記載の組成物を前記対象者に投与するステップと、
を含むことを特徴とするプロセス。 - 糖尿病を治療するプロセスであって、
a.糖尿病を治療するのに有効な量の請求項1、2、4、5、7、8、10、11、13、または14に記載の組成物を対象者に投与するステップと、
b.前記対象者における糖尿病の治療を測定するステップと、
を含むことを特徴とするプロセス。 - 特定するステップまたは測定するステップは、神経心理学的検査によって行われる、
ことを特徴とする請求項16、17、22、または23に記載のプロセス。 - 特定するステップまたは測定するステップは、リウマチ学の基準で行われる、
ことを特徴とする請求項18、19、24、または25に記載のプロセス。 - 特定するステップまたは測定するステップは、血中グルコース濃度で行われる、
ことを特徴とする請求項20、21、26、または27に記載のプロセス。
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PCT/US2011/055950 WO2012051287A1 (en) | 2010-10-13 | 2011-10-12 | Coffee extracts as ingredients of foods, drugs, cosmetics, dietary supplements, and biologics |
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WO2016009399A1 (en) | 2014-07-17 | 2016-01-21 | NUTRAVIS S.r.l. | A new treatment for improving the use of dietary sugar for energy purposes |
PL3209148T3 (pl) | 2014-10-22 | 2020-11-02 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Przyrząd do palenia kawy, przyrząd do parzenia kawy i sposób palenia kawy |
WO2019146652A1 (ja) * | 2018-01-24 | 2019-08-01 | 三井製糖株式会社 | 抗i型アレルギー剤、及び肥満細胞又は好塩基球の脱顆粒抑制剤、並びに抗認知症剤、及び短期記憶障害改善/抑制剤 |
KR102013263B1 (ko) * | 2019-02-13 | 2019-08-22 | (주)클래시스 | 집속초음파 기술을 이용한 그린커피빈 추출물의 제조방법 및 이로부터 수득된 그린커피빈 추출물 |
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EP2627199B1 (en) | 2017-04-19 |
US20130261136A1 (en) | 2013-10-03 |
WO2012051287A1 (en) | 2012-04-19 |
RU2569822C2 (ru) | 2015-11-27 |
JP5960705B2 (ja) | 2016-08-02 |
CN103313613B (zh) | 2016-04-06 |
KR101860165B1 (ko) | 2018-05-21 |
RU2013121737A (ru) | 2014-11-20 |
KR20130102605A (ko) | 2013-09-17 |
CA2814404A1 (en) | 2012-04-19 |
CN103313613A (zh) | 2013-09-18 |
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