JP2013521121A - 一酸化炭素変換触媒 - Google Patents
一酸化炭素変換触媒 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2013521121A JP2013521121A JP2012556253A JP2012556253A JP2013521121A JP 2013521121 A JP2013521121 A JP 2013521121A JP 2012556253 A JP2012556253 A JP 2012556253A JP 2012556253 A JP2012556253 A JP 2012556253A JP 2013521121 A JP2013521121 A JP 2013521121A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- palladium
- platinum
- ceria
- impregnated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 243
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 30
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 150
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 132
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 83
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
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- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
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Abstract
【選択図】なし
Description
1つ以上の実施形態によれば、基質は、典型的にはTWC触媒を調製するために使用される材料のうちのいずれであってもよく、好ましくは金属またはセラミック構造を含む。任意の好適な基質、例えば、そこを通る液体流に経路が開放されるように、基質の上流側表面および下流側表面からそこを通って延在する複数の細い平行なガス流経路を有する種類のモノリシック基質等が用いられてもよい。経路は、それらの液体流入口から液体流出口まで本質的に直線的な経路であり、経路を通って流れるガスが触媒材料に接触するように触媒材料が「ウォッシュコート」として被覆された壁によって画定される。モノリシック基質の流路は、薄い壁のチャネルであり、台形、長方形、正方形、正弦波形、六角形、楕円形、円形等の任意の好適な断面形状およびサイズであってもよい。そのような構造は、断面1平方インチ当たり約60〜約600またはそれ以上のガス流入開口部(すなわち、「セル」)を含んでもよい。
本発明の触媒材料は、2つの層に形成される。各触媒層の組成物は、PGM成分のスラリとして調製され、このスラリが、基質上に層を形成するために使用される。材料は、従来技術において周知のプロセスによって容易に調製することができる。代表的なプロセスを後に記載する。本明細書で使用される場合、「ウォッシュコート」という用語は、処理されるガス流が経路を通ることができるように十分に多孔質であるハニカム型基質部材またはワイヤメッシュ等の、触媒または基質担体材料に適用される他の材料の薄い接着性被覆という、当該技術分野におけるその通常の意味を有する。
熱水熟成が水性ガスシフト反応(WGS)に与える影響を次の通り評価した:触媒(基準触媒A、40g/ft3、2/4/1)を金属基質(直径1インチおよび長さ2インチ、300cpsi)にウォッシュコートし、次いで、実験室の反応器内で70,000 1/時間、450℃で試験を行った。ガスの組成は、CO約5.4%、CO2約10%、C3H6+C3H8(比率2)およそ360ppm、およびNOおよそ500ppmであった。空気流およびN2流は、λ=0.94に制御した。湿潤条件下(H2O6%)および供給物中にH2Oを含まない乾燥条件下の両方で試験を行った。
セリア以外の金属酸化物成分および耐火性金属酸化物成分に対して異なる量のセリアを含有するセリアOSCを、0.5%白金、0.25%ロジウム、および0.5%白金/0.25%ロジウムの各々に含浸させた。OSC支持体の組成を表1に示す。
触媒の調製―円筒形の金属製ハニカム基質を担体として使用した。担体は、直径1.57インチ、長さ3.54インチ、および全容積6.9立方インチを有していた。本発明による3つの触媒と、対照として使用するための1つの触媒を調製した。本発明の触媒の合計貴金属含有量は、45g/ft3、60g/ft3、および75g/ft3であった。対照触媒は、100g/ft3の合計貴金属含有量を有していた。貴金属成分は、各触媒中、それぞれ2/9/1の比の白金、パラジウム、およびロジウムからなっていた。金属担体を930℃で6時間前処理して、表面上にアルミナの薄層を形成した。
上述の実験室の反応器で、以下のガス組成で、サンプルを40,000空間速度で評価した:COおよそ0.5〜5.6%、CO2およそ10%、HC(C1)およそ1350ppm(C3H6/C3H8=2)、NOおよそ400ppm、H2Oおよそ6〜7%。リッチ(λおよそ0.93)およびリーン(λおよそ1.04)な条件を満たすようにCO/O2でλを変化させた。空気中、10%のH2Oで、蒸気熟成を950℃で4時間行った。
Claims (15)
- 内燃機関において使用するための触媒製品であって、
基質上に形成され、かつセリアを含まない酸素貯蔵成分に含浸したパラジウムと、耐火性金属酸化物に含浸した白金と、を含む、第1の触媒層と、
前記第1の触媒層上に形成され、かつパラジウムを含まず、セリアを含有する酸素貯蔵成分に含浸した白金およびロジウムを含み、前記セリアを含有する酸素貯蔵成分は、耐火性金属酸化物を実質的に含まず、セリア以外の酸素貯蔵成分を実質的に含まない、第2の触媒層と、を含み、
前記内燃機関からの排ガス中の一酸化炭素を減少させるのに有効である触媒製品。 - 前記第1の触媒層中の前記パラジウムがジルコニア−プラセオジミアに含浸され、前記第1の触媒層中の前記白金がアルミナに含浸されるか、または前記第1の触媒層中の前記パラジウムがジルコニア−プラセオジミアに含浸され、前記第1の触媒層の白金およびパラジウムがアルミナに含浸される、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 前記第2の触媒層の前記酸素貯蔵成分は、約40%〜約100%のセリアを含有する、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 合計20〜100g/ft3の白金族金属または合計40〜80g/ft3の白金族金属を含む、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 1〜90g/ft3の白金、1〜90g/ft3のパラジウム、および1〜30g/ft3のロジウムを含む、請求項4に記載の物品。
- それぞれ、0.5〜5/2〜80/0.1〜5の白金/パラジウム/ロジウムの質量比、またはそれぞれ、1〜3/5〜40/0.25〜2の白金/パラジウム/ロジウムの質量比を有する、請求項1に記載の物品。
- 炭化水素、一酸化炭素、および窒素酸化物を含むエンジン排気を処理する方法であって、
前記排気を、基質上に被覆され、かつセリアを含まない酸素貯蔵成分に含浸したパラジウムと、耐火性金属酸化物に含浸した白金と、を含む第1の触媒層と、
前記第1の触媒層上に形成され、かつパラジウムを含まず、セリアを含有する酸素貯蔵成分に含浸した白金およびロジウムを含み、前記セリアを含有する酸素貯蔵成分は、耐火性金属酸化物を実質的に含まず、セリア以外の酸素貯蔵成分を実質的に含まない、第2の触媒層と、を含む触媒製品に接触させる工程を含み、
前記排気中の一酸化炭素を減少させるのに有効である、エンジン排気の処理方法。 - 前記排気を、a)前記第1の触媒層中のプラセオジミアをドープしたジルコニアに含浸したパラジウムおよびアルミナに含浸した白金、ならびにb)前記第2の層中のバルクセリアに含浸した白金およびロジウムを含む触媒製品に接触させる、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 白金/パラジウム/ロジウムの質量比は、それぞれ、0.5〜5/2〜80/0.1〜5である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記排気を、合計20〜100g/ft3の白金族金属を含む触媒製品に接触させる、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記排気を、1〜90g/ft3の白金、1〜90g/ft3のパラジウム、および1〜30g/ft3のロジウムを含む触媒製品に接触させる、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 触媒製品を製造する方法であって、
基質上に、セリアを含まない酸素貯蔵成分に含浸したパラジウムと、耐火性金属酸化物に含浸した白金とを含むスラリを施与することによって、前記基質上に第1の層を形成する工程と、
前記第1の層を乾燥させる工程と、
前記第1の層上にスラリを施与させることによって前記第1の層上にパラジウムを含まない第2の層を形成する工程と、
前記第2の層を乾燥させること工程と、
を含み、
前記スラリは、セリアを含有する酸素貯蔵成分に含浸した白金およびロジウムを含み、前記セリアを含有する酸素貯蔵成分は、耐火性金属酸化物を実質的に含まず、セリア以外の酸素貯蔵成分を実質的に含まない、触媒製品の製造方法 - 合計20〜100g/ft3の白金族金属が、前記触媒製品上に形成される、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 1〜90g/ft3の白金、1〜90g/ft3のパラジウム、および1〜30g/ft3のロジウムが、前記触媒製品上に形成される、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 白金、パラジウム、およびロジウムは、それぞれ、0.5〜5/2〜80/0.1〜5の質量比で前記触媒製品上に施与される、請求項14に記載の方法。
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CN102869442B (zh) | 2015-08-26 |
JP5843791B2 (ja) | 2016-01-13 |
EP2542339A2 (en) | 2013-01-09 |
ZA201207361B (en) | 2014-03-26 |
US8828343B2 (en) | 2014-09-09 |
WO2011109676A2 (en) | 2011-09-09 |
MX2012010334A (es) | 2012-12-17 |
EP2542339B1 (en) | 2016-06-22 |
CA2792084C (en) | 2018-11-27 |
WO2011109676A3 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
MY161902A (en) | 2017-05-15 |
KR20130048205A (ko) | 2013-05-09 |
CA2792084A1 (en) | 2011-09-09 |
KR101830449B1 (ko) | 2018-02-20 |
EP2542339A4 (en) | 2014-05-21 |
BR112012022487B1 (pt) | 2018-09-25 |
US20110217216A1 (en) | 2011-09-08 |
BR112012022487A2 (pt) | 2016-10-25 |
CN102869442A (zh) | 2013-01-09 |
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