JP2013514444A - シス−1,1,1,4,4,4−ヘキサフルオロ−2−ブテンの共沸混合物様の組成物 - Google Patents
シス−1,1,1,4,4,4−ヘキサフルオロ−2−ブテンの共沸混合物様の組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013514444A JP2013514444A JP2012544731A JP2012544731A JP2013514444A JP 2013514444 A JP2013514444 A JP 2013514444A JP 2012544731 A JP2012544731 A JP 2012544731A JP 2012544731 A JP2012544731 A JP 2012544731A JP 2013514444 A JP2013514444 A JP 2013514444A
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
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- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
【化1】
を有する化合物:シス−1,1,1,4,4,4−ヘキサフルオロ−2−ブテン(Z−HFO−1336mzzm)、及び水、フルオロケトン、アルコール、ヒドロクロロフルオロオレフィン、及びこれらの2以上の組合せからなる群から選択される他の材料を含む共沸混合物様の組成物に関する使用に関する。これらの組成物は、発泡剤、冷媒、加熱剤、動力サイクル薬剤、洗浄剤、エアゾール噴射剤、滅菌剤、潤滑剤、香味料及び香料抽出剤、燃焼性減少剤、及び炎抑制剤のような広範囲の用途において用いることができる。要約はこのプログラムにコピーされない構造(図)を含むことに留意されたい。完全な要約に関しては電子ファイルを検討されたい。
【選択図】図1
Description
本発明は、数多くの用途において有用性を有する共沸混合物様の組成物、方法、及びシステム、特に有効量の、以下の構造:
幾つかの態様においては、共沸混合物様の組成物は、0より多く約50重量%までの水、及び約50重量%乃至100重量%未満のZ−HFO−1336mzzmをを含むか又は好ましくは実質的にこれらから構成される。
本発明の他の態様は、発泡性組成物に、1種類以上の本発明の共沸混合物様の組成物を含むか又は実質的にこれから構成される発泡剤を加えることを含むフォームを形成する方法である。発泡剤には、ポリオールと、本発明の共沸混合物様の組成物を含む発泡剤とのプレミックスを更に含ませることができる。
本発明の更に他の態様は、1種類以上の本発明の共沸混合物様の組成物を流体に加えることを含む、流体の燃焼性を減少させる方法である。
共沸混合物様という用語は、共沸混合物のように挙動する組成物、即ち沸騰又は蒸発中に形成される蒸気の組成が元の液体の組成と同一か又は実質的に同一であることを指す。而して、沸騰又は蒸発によって、液体の組成は、あったとしても最小又は無視できる程度しか変化しない。これは、沸騰又は蒸発中に液体の組成が相当な程度変化する非共沸混合物様の組成物と対比されるものである。
本発明の共沸混合物様の組成物には、安定剤、金属不動態化剤、腐食抑制剤などをはじめとする任意の種々の場合によって用いる添加剤を更に含ませることができる。
実施例1:
69.4重量%のZ−HFO−1336mzzm、3.1重量%のエタノール、7.6重量%の軽質物質、及び残りが重質物質の試料を、Monel蒸留カラム中に充填した。蒸留カラムは、大気圧において運転する回転バンドカラムである。温度調節したプロピレングリコール水溶液を用いて凝縮器を冷却した。
沸点測定装置を用いて、Z−HFO−1336mzzm及びエタノールの共沸混合物を測定した。沸点測定装置は、底部が密封されており、頂部が大気に開放されている真空断熱ガラス容器から構成されている。沸点測定装置の頂部又は凝縮器部分はドライアイスで取り囲んで、全ての蒸気が凝縮して沸点測定装置中に還流されることを確保している。まず、Z−HFO−1336mzzmを沸点測定装置中に充填し、エタノールを計量投入した。
実施例2においては沸点測定装置を用いてZ−HFO−1336mzzm及びメタノールの共沸混合物を測定した。まず、Z−HFO−1336mzzmを沸点測定装置中に充填し、メタノールを計量投入した。
実施例2において用いた沸点測定装置を用いて、Z−HFO−1336mzzm及びドデカフルオロ−2−メチルペンタン−3−オン(Novec 1230)の共沸混合物を測定した。まず、Z−HFO−1336mzzmを沸点測定装置中に充填し、フルオロケトン:Novec 1230(3M Company)を計量投入した。
また、化合物:E−HCFO−1233zd(トランス−1,1,1−トリフルオロ−3−クロロプロペン)も、Z−HFO−1336mzzmと共沸混合物様の組成物を形成することが分かった。下表4に示すように、この組成物の共沸混合物様特性は約10重量%のZ−HFO−1336mzzmまで継続することが分かった。これらの組成物は噴霧フォーム用途のために特に有用である。
実施例2における沸点測定装置を用いて、Z−HFO−1336mzzm及び水の共沸混合物を測定した。まず、Z−HFO−1336mzzmを沸点測定装置中に充填し、水を計量投入した。表5に、共沸混合物が形成されたことを示す温度の最小値を示す。混合物の沸点温度は一定に維持され、これはこの混合物が大きな組成範囲にわたって共沸混合物様であることを示す。
上記に記載したように、本発明の任意の共沸混合物様の組成物は、広範囲の用途において、CFCに対する代替物として、及びより望ましくないHCFCを含む組成物に対する代替物として用いることができる。
本発明の一態様は、1種類以上の本発明の共沸混合物様の組成物を含む発泡剤に関する。他の態様においては、本発明は、発泡性組成物、好ましくはポリウレタン及びポリイソシアヌレートフォーム組成物、並びにフォームを製造する方法を提供する。かかるフォームの態様においては、1種類以上の共沸混合物様の組成物は、当該技術において周知のように、好ましくは適当な条件下で反応及び発泡してフォーム又は気泡構造を形成することができる1種類以上の更なる成分を含む発泡性組成物中に発泡剤として含まれる。
1,1,1,2,2−ペンタフルオロエタン(HFC−125);
1,1,2,2−テトラフルオロエタン(HFC−134);
1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロエタン(HFC−134a);
1,1−ジフルオロエタン(HFC−152a);
1,1,1,2,3,3,3−ヘプタフルオロプロパン(HFC−227ea);
1,1,1,3,3,3−ヘキサフルオロプロパン(HFC−236fa);
1,1,1,3,3−ペンタフルオロプロパン(HFC−245fa);及び
1,1,1,3,3−ペンタフルオロブタン(HFC−365mfc)。
本発明はまた、Z−HFO−1336mzzm、並びに1種類以上のアルコール、好ましくはメタノール又はエタノールを含むか又は実質的にこれらから構成される共沸混合物様の組成物を含む発泡剤を含むポリマーフォーム配合物から製造される全てのフォーム(独立気泡フォーム、連続気泡フォーム、硬質フォーム、軟質フォーム、スキン層付きフォーム等を含むが、これらに限定されない)にも関する。本出願人らは、本発明によるフォーム、特にポリウレタンフォームのような熱硬化性フォームの一つの有利性は、好ましくは熱硬化性フォームの態様と関連して、特にそして好ましくは低温条件下で例えば図1に示すようにK−因子又はラムダによって測定することができる、非常にすぐれた熱性能を達成する能力であることを見出した。
本実施例は、ポリウレタンフォームの製造と関連して用いるZ−HFO−1336mzzm及びアルコールを含む発泡剤の性能を示す。この実施例に関しては、3つの別々の発泡剤を製造した。第1の発泡剤はHFC−245faである。第2の発泡剤はZ−HFO−1336mzzmである。第3の発泡剤は、全発泡剤の約98重量%の濃度のZ−HFO−1336mzzm、及び全発泡剤の約2重量%の濃度のエタノールを含む共沸混合物様の組成物を含む。
噴霧フォームの実施例においては、驚くべきことに、4重量%のZ−HFO−1336mzzm及び96重量%の1233zd(E)から実質的に構成される共沸混合物様の組成物を用いることによって、フォームの熱伝導性に対する大きく予期しないプラスの効果があったことが見出された。この発泡剤組成物を用いて製造したフォームは、1233zd(E)のみを含む発泡剤を用いて製造したフォームよりも、全ての温度範囲にわたってよりゆっくりと経時変化し、より良好な熱伝導特性を有していた。
本発明の共沸混合物様の組成物はまた、冷却、空調、及びヒートポンプシステムにおいて用いる冷媒のような熱を伝達する方法及びシステムにおける熱伝達流体などとして、数多くの方法及びシステムに関連して有用である。本共沸混合物様組成物はまた、好ましくはかかるシステム及び方法においてエアゾール噴射剤を含むか又はそれから構成されるエアゾールを生成させるシステム及び方法において用いるのにも有利である。フォームを形成する方法、並びに消火及び鎮火する方法も、本発明の幾つかの形態に含まれる。本発明はまた、幾つかの形態においては、かかる方法及びシステムにおいて本共沸混合物様組成物を溶媒組成物として用いる、物品から残留物を除去する方法も提供する。
好ましい熱伝達方法は、一般に、本発明の共沸混合物様の組成物を準備し、組成物の相を変化させることによって組成物へか又は組成物から熱を伝達させることを含む。例えば、本方法は、好ましくは本冷媒組成物を冷却する物体又は流体の近傍で蒸発させることによって流体又は物品から熱を吸収して本組成物を含む蒸気を生成させることによって冷却を与える。
本発明の共沸混合物様の組成物は、自動車用空調システム及び装置、商業用冷却システム及び装置、冷凍機、住宅用冷蔵庫及び冷凍庫、一般的な空調システム、ヒートポンプなどに関連して用いるように適合させることができる。
ランキンサイクルシステムは、熱エネルギーを機械的軸動力に変換する単純で信頼できる手段であることが公知である。低グレードの熱エネルギーに遭遇する場合には、水/蒸気の代わりに有機作動流体が有用である。低グレードの熱エネルギー(通常は400°F以下)で運転する水/蒸気システムは、大きな体積及び低い圧力を伴う。システムの寸法を小さく且つ効率を高く維持するためには、室温付近の沸点を有する作動流体が用いられる。かかる流体は、より高い容量及び好ましい移送に役立つより高い気体密度、並びに低い運転温度において水と比較してより高い効率に役立つ熱伝達特性を有する。工業環境においては、特に工業環境がプロセス又は貯蔵において施設に既に大量の可燃物を有している場合には、トルエン及びペンタンのような可燃性の作動流体を用いる機会がより多い。例えば、人口の多い地域又はビルの近辺での発電のように可燃性の作動流体を用いることに関連する危険性が許容できないものである場合には、CFC−113及びCFC−11のような他の流体が用いられていた。これらの材料は不燃性であるが、これらのオゾン層破壊係数のためにこれらは環境に対して危険であった。理想的には、有機作動流体は環境的に許容でき、不燃性で、低いオーダーの毒性のものであり、正圧で運転されるものでなければならない。
この例は、ランキン動力サイクル用組成物として用いるための本発明の共沸混合物様の組成物の使用を示す。
本発明はまた、本発明の共沸混合物様の組成物を物品に適用することによって、製品、部材、部品、基材、又は任意の他の物品若しくはその一部から汚染物質を除去する方法も提供する。便宜上の目的から、「物品」という用語は、本明細書においては、全てのかかる製品、部材、部品、基材などを指すように用いられ、更に、任意の表面又はその一部を指すように意図される。更に、「汚染物質」という用語は、かかる物質が物品の上に意図的に配置されている場合であっても、物品の上に存在する任意の望ましくない材料又は物質を指すように意図される。例えば、半導体デバイスの製造においては、基板の上にフォトレジスト材料を堆積させてエッチング操作のためのマスクを形成し、次いでフォトレジスト材料を基板から除去することが通常的である。本明細書において用いられる「汚染物質」という用語は、かかるフォトレジスト材料をカバーし且つ包含するように意図される。
本発明の他の洗浄の態様は、システムを製造及び運転する際に蒸気圧縮システム及びこれらの付属部品から汚染物質を除去することを含む。本明細書において用いる「汚染物質」という用語は、処理流体、潤滑剤、粒子状物質、スラッジ、及び/又はこれらのシステムの製造中に用いられるか若しくはこれらの使用中に生成する他の物質を指す。一般に、これらの汚染物質は、アルキルベンゼン、鉱油、エステル、ポリアルキレングリコール、ポリビニルエーテル、及び主として炭素、水素、及び酸素から形成される他の化合物のような化合物を含む。本発明の共沸混合物様の組成物はこの目的のために有用である。
この例は、洗浄組成物として使用するための、本発明の共沸混合物様の組成物の使用を示す。
他の態様においては、本発明の共沸混合物様の組成物は、単独か又は公知の噴射剤と組み合わせて、噴霧可能な組成物において噴射剤として用いることができる。噴射剤組成物は、本発明の共沸混合物様の組成物を含み、より好ましくは実質的にこれから構成され、更により好ましくはこれから構成される。噴霧する活性成分を、不活性成分、溶媒、及び他の物質と一緒に噴霧可能な混合物中に存在させることもできる。好ましくは、噴霧可能な組成物はエアゾールである。噴霧する好適な活性物質としては、限定なしに、潤滑剤、殺虫剤、洗浄剤、消臭剤、香水、及びヘアスプレーのような化粧物質、艶出し剤、並びに皮膚冷却剤(日焼けの処置)、局所麻酔薬、及び抗喘息薬のような医薬物質が挙げられる。
特に医療分野で用いるための多くの物品、装置、及び材料は、患者や病院職員の健康及び安全などの健康上及び安全上の理由のために、使用する前に滅菌しなければならない。本発明は、滅菌する物品、装置、又は材料を、場合によっては1種類以上の更なる滅菌剤と組み合わせた本発明の共沸混合物様の組成物と接触させることを含む滅菌方法を提供する。
低温滅菌方法においては、滅菌する物品を、ほぼ室温乃至約200°Fの温度、より好ましくはほぼ室温乃至約100°Fの温度において、本発明の組成物を含む流体に曝露する。
幾つかの好ましい態様においては、本発明の共沸混合物様の組成物は更に潤滑剤を含む。任意の種々の通常の潤滑剤を本発明の共沸混合物様の組成物において用いることができる。潤滑剤に関する重要な要件は、冷媒系において用いる場合に、圧縮器が潤滑されるようにシステムの圧縮器に十分な潤滑剤が戻されなければならないということである。而して、任意の与えられたシステムに関する潤滑剤の好適性は、部分的には冷媒/潤滑剤の特徴によって、及び部分的にはその中で潤滑剤を用いることが意図されるシステムの特徴によって決定される。
本発明の共沸混合物様の組成物はまた、バイオマスから所望の物質を運搬、抽出、又は分離するために用いる場合にも有利性を与える。これらの物質としては、香味料及び香料のようなエッセンシャルオイル、燃料、医薬、栄養補助食品等として用いることができるオイルが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
この目的に関する本発明の共沸混合物様の組成物の好適性を、ジャスモンの試料を厚肉ガラスチューブ中に配置する試験手順によって示す。好適な量の本発明の共沸混合物様の組成物をガラスチューブに加える。次に、チューブを冷凍し、密封する。チューブを解凍すると、混合物がジャスモン及び共沸混合物様の組成物を含む1つの液相を有する場合には、この試験は、エアゾール及び他の配合物において香味料及び香料配合物に関する抽出剤、キャリア、又はデリバリーシステムの一部としての組成物の好ましい使用を達成する。また、植物などからの香味料及び香料の抽出剤としてのその潜在性も達成される。
幾つかの他の好ましい態様によれば、本発明は、本発明の共沸混合物様の組成物を流体に加えることを含む、流体の可燃性を減少させる方法を提供する。任意の広範囲の可燃性の流体に関係する可燃性を、本発明によって減少させることができる。例えば、エチレンオキシド、可燃性ヒドロフルオロカーボン及び炭化水素、例えばHFC−152a、1,1,1−トリフルオロエタン(HFC−143a)、ジフルオロメタン(HFC−32)、プロパン、ヘキサン、オクタンなどのような流体に関係する可燃性を、本発明によって減少させることができる。本発明の目的のためには、可燃性流体は、ASTM−E681などのような任意の標準的な通常の試験法によって測定して空気中で可燃性範囲を示す任意の流体であってよい。
この例は、他の組成物の可燃性流体を減少させるための本発明の共沸混合物様の組成物の使用を示す。
本発明は、炎を、本発明の共沸混合物様の組成物に接触させることを含む炎を抑制する方法を更に提供する。所望の場合には、更なる炎抑制剤を、本発明の組成物と共に、混合してか又は補助的な炎抑制剤として用いることもできる。この目的のために有用な化合物の1つの種類はフルオロケトンである。特に好ましいフルオロケトンはドデカフルオロ−2−メチルペンタン−3−オンである。この好ましい化合物に関する商業的供給源は、3M Company(商品名Novec 1230)である。
Claims (15)
- 0より多く約99重量%までの有効量の化合物:シス−1,1,1,4,4,4−ヘキサフルオロ−2−ブテン(Z−HFO−1336mzzm)、及び約1重量%乃至100重量%未満の有効量の、水、フルオロケトン、アルコール、ヒドロクロロフルオロオレフィン、及びこれらの2以上の組合せからなる群から選択される他の材料を含む共沸混合物様の組成物。
- 少なくとも1種類のアルコールがメタノールである、請求項1に記載の共沸混合物様の組成物。
- 少なくとも1種類のアルコールがエタノールである、請求項1に記載の共沸混合物様の組成物。
- 約75重量%乃至100重量%未満の有効量のZ−HFO−1336mzzm、及び0より多く約25重量%までの有効量のアルコール及びこれらの2以上の組合せを含む、請求項1に記載の共沸混合物様の組成物。
- 約85重量%乃至100重量%未満の有効量のZ−HFO−1336mzzm、及び0より多く約15重量%までの有効量のアルコール及びこれらの2以上の組合せを含む、請求項1に記載の共沸混合物様の組成物。
- 0より多く約50重量%までの有効量の水、及び約50重量%乃至100重量%未満の有効量のZ−HFO−1336mzzmを含む、請求項1に記載の共沸混合物様の組成物。
- 0より多く約10重量%までの有効量の水、及び約90重量%乃至100重量%未満の有効量のZ−HFO−1336mzzmを含む、請求項1に記載の共沸混合物様の組成物。
- 50重量%〜約99重量%の有効量のZ−HFO−1336mzzm、及び約1重量%乃至50重量%未満の有効量のフルオロケトンを含む、請求項1に記載の共沸混合物様の組成物。
- 60重量%〜約95重量%の有効量のZ−HFO−1336mzzm、及び約5重量%乃至40重量%未満の有効量のフルオロケトンを含む、請求項1に記載の共沸混合物様の組成物。
- 約1重量%〜約99重量%の有効量のZ−HFO−1336mzzm、及び約1重量%〜約99重量%の有効量のトランス−1,1,1−トリフルオロ−3−クロロプロペンを含む、請求項1に記載の共沸混合物様の組成物。
- 約90重量%〜約99重量%のZ−HFO−1336mzzm、及び約1重量%〜約10重量%のトランス−1,1,1−トリフルオロ−3−クロロプロペンを含む、請求項1に記載の共沸混合物様の組成物。
- 約4重量%のZ−HFO−1336mzzm、及び約96重量%のトランス−1,1,1−トリフルオロ−3−クロロプロペンを含む、請求項1に記載の共沸混合物様の組成物。
- HFO−1233zd、及び約10重量%以下のZ−HFO−1336mzzmを含む、請求項1に記載の共沸混合物様の組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の共沸混合物様の組成物を含む噴霧フォーム用の発泡剤。
- 請求項1に記載の共沸混合物様の組成物を含む冷媒組成物。
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JP2020007561A (ja) * | 2019-09-02 | 2020-01-16 | アルケマ フランス | クロロトリフルオロプロペンとヘキサフルオロブテンとの組成物 |
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