JP2013509876A - 二酸化炭素および/または他の無機炭素源の有機化合物への化学合成固定のために化学合成独立栄養微生物を利用する生物学的および化学的プロセス、および付加的有用生成物の産出 - Google Patents
二酸化炭素および/または他の無機炭素源の有機化合物への化学合成固定のために化学合成独立栄養微生物を利用する生物学的および化学的プロセス、および付加的有用生成物の産出 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013509876A JP2013509876A JP2012537850A JP2012537850A JP2013509876A JP 2013509876 A JP2013509876 A JP 2013509876A JP 2012537850 A JP2012537850 A JP 2012537850A JP 2012537850 A JP2012537850 A JP 2012537850A JP 2013509876 A JP2013509876 A JP 2013509876A
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Abstract
Description
過去100年間において達成された素晴らしい技術的および経済的進歩は、化石燃料を大きな原動力としてきた。しかしながら、この進歩の持続可能性は、現在、化石燃料の燃焼により引き起こされる温室効果ガスの増加および化石燃料源不足の増加の両方により、問題となっている。
本発明は、特定の態様において、二酸化炭素含有ガスストリームおよび/または大気中の二酸化炭素または化学的および生物学的プロセスを通して、液化するか、または化学的に結合した形態での二酸化炭素からの二酸化炭素の捕捉および固定のための組成物および方法を提供し、1つまたは2つ以上のプロセスステップにおいて、偏性または通性化学合成独立栄養微生物および特に化学合成無機独立栄養生物、および/または化学合成独立栄養微生物からの酵素を含有する細胞抽出物を利用する。
Acetoanaerobium sp., Acetobacterium sp., Acetogenium sp., Achromobacter sp., Acidianus sp., Acinetobacter sp., Actinomadura sp., Aeromonas sp., Alcaligenes sp., Alcaliqenes sp., Arcobacter sp., Aureobacterium sp., Bacillus sp., Beggiatoa sp., Butyribacterium sp., Carboxydothermus sp., Clostridium sp., Comamonas sp., Dehalobacter sp., Dehalococcoide sp., Dehalospirillum sp., Desulfobacterium sp., Desulfomonile sp., Desulfotomaculum sp., Desulfovibrio sp.,
TSRのような反応は、発熱性であるため、電子供与体発生にTSRを利用する本発明の態様について、TSRにより放出された熱エネルギーを、化学工学の当該技術分野において既知の熱交換法を使用して回収し、プロセス全体の効率を向上させてもよい。本発明の1つの態様は、TSRにより放出された熱を、適切なバイオリアクターを維持するためのまたはバイオマスを乾燥させるための熱源として使用する。
一般的プロセスフローにおける本発明の化学合成反応ステップの位置を、「化学合成独立栄養バイオリアクター」と標示した囲み3により図1に例示する。
本発明の特定の態様における収穫されたバイオマスを、図1において例示した一般的プロセスフローにおける「乾燥機」と標示した囲み7のプロセスステップにおいて乾燥する。
以下の例により、本発明の少なくとも1つの態様の特定の特徴または利点を例示することを意図するが、本発明全体を実証するものではない。
特定の実施例を、本発明の炭素捕捉および固定プロセス全体における中心的役割を果たす、化学合成独立栄養微生物の炭素捕捉および固定能力を実証するために提供する。
アメリカンタイプカルチャーコレクション(ATCC)から凍結乾燥培養物として入手した、硫黄酸化化学合成独立栄養体Thiomicrospira crunogena ATCC #35932に試験を行った。生物を、推奨ATCC培地である#1422ブロス上で成長させた。以下の化学物質からなるこのブロスを、1リットルの水に溶解した:
Thiomicrospira crunogenaの凍結乾燥した培養物を、ATCCにより推奨される方法に従って水で戻し、最初に5mlのブロス#1422試験管に移し、振とう器に設置した。この培養物を使用して、追加の試験管に植菌した。NaOHを、7.5付近のpHに維持するのに必要なだけ添加した。最終的に、培養物を試験管から250mlの#1422ブロスを入れた1リットルフラスコへ移動し、25度のNew Brunswick Scientific社製振とうフラスコインキュベーターセットに設置した。
本明細書および特許請求の範囲において使用される、句「および/または」は、「いずれかまたは両方」のそのように結合した要素、すなわち、場合によっては結合して存在し、他の場合には区別されて存在する要素を意味するものと理解されなければならない。他の要素は、明確に反対であることを示さない限り、任意に、「および/または」の句により明確に特定された要素以外に存在してもよい。よって、非限定例として、例えば、「〜を含む」などのオープンエンド(open-ended)表現と共に使用される場合の「Aおよび/またはB」への言及は、1つの態様において、BなしのA(任意に、B以外の要素を含有する);別の態様において、AなしのB(任意に、A以外の要素を含有する);さらに、別の態様において、AおよびBの両方(任意に、他の要素を含有する)、などに言及し得る。
Claims (26)
- 二酸化炭素および/または無機炭素の他の源の捕捉および有機化合物への変換のための生物学的および化学的プロセスであって、以下:
単独で、および/または炭酸イオンおよび/または重炭酸イオンをさらに含む混合物または溶液中に溶解された二酸化炭素ガスを導入すること、ならびに/あるいは固相中に含有された無機炭素を、化学合成独立栄養生物および/または化学合成独立栄養細胞抽出物を維持するために適した環境中へ導入すること;および
二酸化炭素および/または無機炭素を、環境内で、偏性および/または通性化学合成独立栄養微生物および/または化学合成独立栄養微生物からの酵素を含有する細胞抽出物を利用した、少なくとも1つの化学合成炭素固定反応を介して、有機化合物中へ固定すること;ここで、化学的におよび/または電気化学的におよび/または、発生した、あるいは環境の外部の少なくとも1種の源から環境中に導入された、電子供与体および電子受容体により提供される化学的および/または電気化学的エネルギーにより、化学合成炭素固定反応を行う、
を含む、前記プロセス。 - 該電子供与体が、これに限定されないが、以下:アンモニア;アンモニウム;一酸化炭素;亜ジチオン酸塩;元素硫黄;炭化水素;水素;メタ重亜硫酸;一酸化窒素;亜硝酸塩;これに限定されないが、チオ硫酸ナトリウム(Na2S2O3)またはチオ硫酸カルシウム(CaS2O3)を含む、例えばチオ硫酸塩などの硫酸塩;例えば硫化水素などの硫化物;亜硫酸塩;チオン酸塩;チオナイト;溶解相または固相における、遷移金属またはそれらの硫化物、酸化物、カルコゲニド、ハロゲン化物、水酸化物、オキシ水酸化物、リン酸塩、硫酸塩、または炭酸塩;および、固体状態電極材料における伝導帯または価電子帯電子、の還元剤の1種また2種以上を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 該電子受容体が、以下:二酸化炭素;酸素;亜硝酸塩;硝酸塩;第二鉄または他の遷移金属イオン;硫酸塩;あるいは、固体状態電極材料中の伝導帯または価電子帯ホール、の1種また2種以上を含む、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 固定ステップが、該電子供与体および/または該電子受容体が、少なくとも1種の入力化学物質から発生するおよび/または精製される、および/または固定ステップの間に産生された化学物質および/または他の工業、鉱業、農業、下水または廃棄物発生プロセスからの廃棄物ストリーム由来の化学物質から再利用される、1つまたは2つ以上の化学的前処理ステップにより進行される、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 固定ステップが、化学合成の有機および/または無機化学生成物を、固定ステップ中に生成したプロセスストリームから分離して、貯蔵、輸送および販売に適した生成物を形成する、1つまたは2つ以上のプロセスステップ;および、細胞集団をプロセスストリームから分離し、環境へ再利用する、および/または集めて処理し、貯蔵、輸送および販売に適した形態のバイオマスを産生する、1つまたは2つ以上のプロセスステップ、の後である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 固定ステップが、廃棄物および/または不純物または混入物質を、固定ステップの間に生成したプロセスストリームから除去し、廃棄する1つまたは2つ以上のプロセスステップの後である、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 固定ステップが、化学合成独立栄養細胞培養物および/または化学合成の化学副産物および/または固定ステップの間に生成したプロセスストリームの廃棄物または混入物質の除去後に残存する任意の未使用の栄養物および/または処理水を、さらなる化学合成のために環境中に戻して再利用する、1つまたは2つ以上のプロセスステップの後である、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 偏性および/または通性化学合成独立栄養微生物に、以下:Acetoanaerobium sp.; Acetobacterium sp.; Acetogenium sp.; Achromobacter sp.; Acidianus sp.; Acinetobacter sp.; Actinomadura sp.; Aeromonas sp.; Alcaligenes sp.; Alcaliqenes sp.; Arcobacter sp.; Aureobacterium sp.; Bacillus sp.; Beggiatoa sp.; Butyribacterium sp.; Carboxydothermus sp.; Clostridium sp.; Comamonas sp.; Dehalobacter sp.; Dehalococcoide sp.; Dehalospirillum sp.; Desulfobacterium sp.; Desulfomonile sp.; Desulfotomaculum sp.; Desulfovibrio sp.; Desulfurosarcina sp.; Ectothiorhodospira sp.; Enterobacter sp.; Eubacterium sp.; Ferroplasma sp.; Halothibacillus sp.; Hydrogenobacter sp.; Hydrogenomonas sp.; Leptospirillum sp.; Metallosphaera sp.; Methanobacterium sp.; Methanobrevibacter sp.; Methanococcus sp.; Methanosarcina sp.; Micrococcus sp.; Nitrobacter sp.; Nitrosococcus sp.; Nitrosolobus sp.; Nitrosomonas sp.; Nitrosospira sp.; Nitrosovibrio sp.; Nitrospina sp.; Oleomonas sp.; Paracoccus sp.; Peptostreptococcus sp.; Planctomycetes sp.; Pseudomonas sp.; Ralstonia sp.; Rhodobacter sp.; Rhodococcus sp.; Rhodocyclus sp.; Rhodomicrobium sp.; Rhodopseudomonas sp.; Rhodospirillum sp.; Shewanella sp.; Streptomyces sp.; Sulfobacillus sp.; Sulfolobus sp.; Thiobacillus sp.; Thiomicrospira sp.; Thioploca sp.; Thiosphaera sp.; Thiothrix sp.;硫黄酸化細菌;水素酸化細菌;鉄酸化細菌;アセトゲン;およびメタン細菌;化学合成独立栄養体を含む微生物の集団;熱水孔、地熱孔、温泉、湧水域、地下帯水層、塩湖、含塩層、鉱山、酸性鉱山排水、鉱山尾鉱、油井、製油所排水、炭層、深準表層;排水および下水処理植物;地熱発電、硫気孔場、土壌固有の化学合成独立栄養体;および、好熱菌、超好熱菌、好酸性微生物、好塩菌および好冷菌の1種または2種以上からの極限性微生物、1種または2種以上が含まれる、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 該電子供与体および/または電子受容体が、温室効果ガス排出が低く、再生可能で代替的な慣用の動力源を使用して、発生するおよび/または再利用され、ならびに該動力源が、太陽熱、風力、水力発電、核、地熱、強化地熱、海洋熱、海洋波電源および潮力から選択される少なくとも1つである、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 水素分子が、電子供与体としての役割を果たし、プロトン交換膜(PEM)、液体電解質、高圧電気分解、蒸気高温電気分解(HTES)の少なくとも1つを使用する方法を介した水の電気分解;酸化鉄サイクル、酸化セリウム(IV)−酸化セリウム(III)サイクル、亜鉛 酸化亜鉛サイクル、硫黄−ヨウ素サイクル、銅−塩素サイクル、カルシウム−臭素−鉄サイクル、ハイブリッド硫黄サイクルを使用する、方法を介した水の熱化学的分裂;硫化水素の電気分解;硫化水素の熱化学的分裂;炭素捕捉および隔離可能なメタン改質、炭素捕捉および隔離可能な石炭のガス化、クベルネルプロセスおよびカーボンブラック生成物を生じさせる他のプロセス、バイオマスの炭素捕捉および隔離可能なガス化または熱分解の少なくとも1つを含む、低二酸化炭素排出を伴うまたは二酸化炭素排出を伴わない水素を生成するための電気化学的または熱化学的プロセス;ならびに、第二鉄イオン(Fe3+)に酸化された第一鉄イオン(Fe2+)および/または硫黄化合物の酸化を含む電子源の半電池酸化を伴うH+のH2への半電池還元、ここで、酸化された鉄または硫黄を、金属硫化物、硫化水素および炭化水素の少なくとも1種を含む鉱物との追加の化学反応を通じて還元状態に戻して再利用する、を通して発生する、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 該電子供与体が、以下:元素Fe0;菱鉄鉱(FeCO3);マグネタイト(Fe3O4);黄鉄鉱または白鉄鉱(FeS2)、磁硫鉄鉱(Fe(1−x)S(x=0〜0.2)、硫鉄ニッケル鉱(Fe,Ni)9S8、ビオラル鉱(Ni2FeS4)、黄鉄ニッケル鉱(Ni,Fe)S2、硫砒鉄鉱(FeAsS)または他の鉄硫化物;鶏冠石(AsS);石黄(As2S3);輝コバルト鉱(CoAsS);菱マンガン鉱(MnCO3);黄銅鉱(CuFeS2)、斑銅鉱(Cu5FeS4)、銅藍(CuS)、安四面銅鉱(Cu8Sb2S7)、硫ヒ銅鉱(Cu3AsS4)、ヒ四面銅鉱(Cu12As4.S13)、輝銅鉱(Cu2S)または他の銅硫化物;閃亜鉛鉱(ZnS)、鉄閃亜鉛鉱(ZnS)または他の亜鉛硫化物;方鉛鉱(PbS)、ジオクロン鉱(PB5(Sb,AS2)S8)または他の鉛硫化物;輝銀鉱または硫銀鉱(Ag2S);モリブデナイト(MoS2);針ニッケル鉱(NiS)、ポリジマイト(Ni3S4)または他のニッケル硫化物;輝安鉱(Sb2S3);Ga2S3;CuSe;クーパー鉱(PtS);ラウラ鉱(RuS2);ブラッグ鉱(Pt,Pd,Ni)S;FeCl2、の1種または2種以上から選択される、天然由来の鉱物から発生する、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 該電子供与体が、以下:処理ガス;排ガス;原油の二次回収通気ガス;バイオガス;酸性鉱山排水;埋立地浸出物;埋立地ガス;地熱ガス;地熱スラッジまたはブライン;金属混入物質;脈石;選鉱くず;硫化物;二硫化物;メチルおよびジメチルメルカプタンならびにエチルメルカプタンの1種または2種以上から選択されるメルカプタン;硫化カルボニル;二硫化炭素;アルカンスルホン酸塩;硫化ジアルキル;チオ硫酸塩;チオフラン;チオシアナート;イソチオシアナート;チオウレア;チオール;チオフェノール;チオエーテル;チオフェン;ジベンゾチオフェン;テトラチオナート;亜ジチオン酸塩;チオナート;二硫化ジアルキル;スルホン;スルホキシド;スルホラン;硫酸;ジメチルスルホニオプロピオナート;スルホン酸エステル;硫化水素;硫酸エステル;有機硫黄;二酸化硫黄および他の全ての酸性ガス、の1種または2種以上から選択される汚染物質または廃棄物から発生する、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 固定ステップの間の該化学合成反応のための該電子供与体から化学合成独立栄養体への還元等量の搬送を、吸収されたまたは吸着された水素電子供与体を化学合成独立栄養生物に極めて接近させることを促進する微生物成長用の固体支持培地の形態での環境中への水素貯蔵材料の導入;固体状電極材料中のH2ガスまたは電子を含む難溶性電子供与体から化学合成独立栄養培地中に還元力を輸送するのを補助するためのシトクロム、ギ酸塩、メチル−ビオロゲン、NAD+/NADH、ニュートラルレッド(NR)およびキノンの1種または2種以上から選択される電子伝達体の導入;および、固体成長支持培地の形態における電極材料の、固体状態電子を化学合成独立栄養生物に極めて接近させることを促進する環境への直接の導入、の1つまたは2つ以上により、力学的におよび/または熱力学的に強化する、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 該電子供与体が、硫酸塩反応の熱化学的還元(TSR)および硫化水素または還元された硫黄の産生のためのミューラー−キューネ反応;および、水の代わりに金属酸化物を利用する、メタン改質様反応、ここで、金属酸化物が、酸化鉄、酸化カルシウムおよび酸化マグネシウムの1種または2種以上から選択され;および、ここで、炭化水素を反応させ、電子供与体生成物と共に二酸化炭素ガスをほとんど排出しないか、全く排出せずに固体炭酸塩を形成する、から選択される1つまたは2つ以上の炭化水素との低二酸化炭素排出または二酸化炭素無排出化学反応を通して、環境内でまたは環境へ再利用される、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 該少なくとも1つの化学合成反応が、二酸化炭素および/または無機炭素の他の形態の固定および以下:加速突然変異生成、遺伝子工学または改変、ハイブリダイゼーション、合成生物学あるいは伝統的選択飼育、の1つまたは2つ以上を含む方法を通した有機化合物の産生のために改善され、最適化され、または操作された化学合成独立栄養微生物により行われる、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 該少なくとも1つの化学合成反応により、酢酸、他の有機酸および有機酸の塩、エタノール、ブタノール、メタン、水素、炭化水素、硫酸、硫酸塩、元素硫黄、硫化物、硝酸塩、第二鉄イオンおよび他の遷移金属イオン、他の塩、酸および塩基の少なくとも1種を含む化学物質の形成がもたらされる、請求項1〜15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 有機および/または無機化学生成物を、少なくとも1つの化学合成反応の化学合成独立栄養成長培地から回収し、有機および/または無機化学生成物が、バイオ燃料またはバイオ燃料生成物の原料として;肥料の生産において;採鉱またはバイオレメディエーションにおける金属の化学抽出用の浸出剤として、および/または工業また採鉱プロセスにおける化学反応剤として、有用である、請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- バイオマスおよび/または生化学物質を、少なくとも1つの化学合成反応により産生し、バイオマスおよび/または生化学物質が、燃焼用バイオマス燃料として;化石燃料と共燃焼される燃料として;商業的酵素、抗生物質、アミノ酸、ビタミン、バイオプラスチック、グリセロールまたは1,3−プロパンジオールの少なくとも1種を産生する大規模発酵用の炭素源として;他の微生物または生物の成長用栄養源として;畜牛、ヒツジ、ニワトリ、ブタおよび/または魚類から選択される動物用の餌として;液体燃料の産生のための直接的液化、フィッシャー・トロプシュ法、メタノール合成、熱分解、エステル交換または微生物合成ガス変換を含む、アルコールまたは他のバイオ燃料発酵および/またはガス化および液化プロセス用原料として;メタンまたはバイオガス産生用原料として;肥料として;製造または化学的プロセス用原材料として;薬学的、薬効性または栄養性物質の源として;土壌添加剤および土壌安定剤として、有用である、請求項1〜17のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 化学合成独立栄養生物の培養物を、環境中に維持し、その環境は、を含むおよび/または:エアリフトリアクター;生物学的洗浄カラム;バイオリアクター;気泡塔;連続撹拌槽型反応器;逆流、上向流、膨張層リアクター;消化槽;下水および/または排水処理あるいはバイオレメディエーションシステム;散水ろ床、回転生物接触フィルタ、回転ディスクおよび土壌フィルタから選択される1つまたは2つ以上のフィルタ;流動床リアクター;ガスリフト発酵槽;固定化細胞リアクター;膜バイオフィルム反応器;縦鉱;パチュカ槽;充填槽反応器;栓流反応器静的ミキサー;タンク;トリクルベッド反応器;大桶;垂直軸バイオリアクター;井戸;空洞;洞窟;溜池;ラグーン;池;プール;採石場;貯水池;塔、から選択される微生物培養装置により少なくとも一部が形成される、請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 二酸化炭素を鉱物と反応させ、炭酸塩または重炭酸塩生成物を形成することをさらに含む、請求項1〜19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 二酸化炭素を、導入ステップにおいて導入し、二酸化炭素を水溶液に溶解させる、請求項1〜20のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 水溶液が海水を含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 固体相無機炭素を、導入ステップにおいて導入し、無機炭素化合物が、炭酸塩鉱物である、請求項1〜20のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 装置が、底、下見板、壁、裏当ておよび最上部を有する容器を含み、少なくとも底、下見板、壁、裏当ておよび最上部の1つが、瀝青、セメント、セラミックス、粘土、コンクリート、エポキシ、繊維ガラス、ガラス、砕石、プラスチック、砂、シーリング材、土壌、鋼;非鋼金属;合金、石、タール、木およびそれらの組み合わせから構成される、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 電子供与体および/または電子受容体を、少なくとも1つの無機源または廃棄物源から環境中に導入する、請求項1〜25のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 鉱物が、酸化物または水酸化物を含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
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EP2521790A1 (en) | 2012-11-14 |
SG10201908921WA (en) | 2019-11-28 |
WO2011056183A1 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
ES2899980T3 (es) | 2022-03-15 |
EP2521790B1 (en) | 2021-09-22 |
EP2521790A4 (en) | 2013-11-27 |
MY162723A (en) | 2017-07-14 |
JP5956927B2 (ja) | 2016-07-27 |
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