JP5956927B2 - 二酸化炭素および/または他の無機炭素源の有機化合物への化学合成固定のために化学合成独立栄養微生物を利用する生物学的および化学的プロセス、および付加的有用生成物の産出 - Google Patents
二酸化炭素および/または他の無機炭素源の有機化合物への化学合成固定のために化学合成独立栄養微生物を利用する生物学的および化学的プロセス、および付加的有用生成物の産出 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5956927B2 JP5956927B2 JP2012537850A JP2012537850A JP5956927B2 JP 5956927 B2 JP5956927 B2 JP 5956927B2 JP 2012537850 A JP2012537850 A JP 2012537850A JP 2012537850 A JP2012537850 A JP 2012537850A JP 5956927 B2 JP5956927 B2 JP 5956927B2
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- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003531 phenolsulfonphthalein Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013594 poultry meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000062645 predators Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000011027 product recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012264 purified product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052611 pyroxene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052952 pyrrhotite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012502 risk assessment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021646 siderite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 108010027322 single cell proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052950 sphalerite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052569 sulfide mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950011008 tetrachloroethylene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052969 tetrahedrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004102 tricarboxylic acid cycle Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZMBHCYHQLYEYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctylphosphine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(=O)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC ZMBHCYHQLYEYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010977 unit operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003809 water extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical class [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
過去100年間において達成された素晴らしい技術的および経済的進歩は、化石燃料を大きな原動力としてきた。しかしながら、この進歩の持続可能性は、現在、化石燃料の燃焼により引き起こされる温室効果ガスの増加および化石燃料源不足の増加の両方により、問題となっている。
本発明は、特定の態様において、二酸化炭素含有ガスストリームおよび/または大気中の二酸化炭素または化学的および生物学的プロセスを通して、液化するか、または化学的に結合した形態での二酸化炭素からの二酸化炭素の捕捉および固定のための組成物および方法を提供し、1つまたは2つ以上のプロセスステップにおいて、偏性または通性化学合成独立栄養微生物および特に化学合成無機独立栄養生物、および/または化学合成独立栄養微生物からの酵素を含有する細胞抽出物を利用する。
Acetoanaerobium sp., Acetobacterium sp., Acetogenium sp., Achromobacter sp., Acidianus sp., Acinetobacter sp., Actinomadura sp., Aeromonas sp., Alcaligenes sp., Alcaliqenes sp., Arcobacter sp., Aureobacterium sp., Bacillus sp., Beggiatoa sp., Butyribacterium sp., Carboxydothermus sp., Clostridium sp., Comamonas sp., Dehalobacter sp., Dehalococcoide sp., Dehalospirillum sp., Desulfobacterium sp., Desulfomonile sp., Desulfotomaculum sp., Desulfovibrio sp.,
TSRのような反応は、発熱性であるため、電子供与体発生にTSRを利用する本発明の態様について、TSRにより放出された熱エネルギーを、化学工学の当該技術分野において既知の熱交換法を使用して回収し、プロセス全体の効率を向上させてもよい。本発明の1つの態様は、TSRにより放出された熱を、適切なバイオリアクターを維持するためのまたはバイオマスを乾燥させるための熱源として使用する。
一般的プロセスフローにおける本発明の化学合成反応ステップの位置を、「化学合成独立栄養バイオリアクター」と標示した囲み3により図1に例示する。
本発明の特定の態様における収穫されたバイオマスを、図1において例示した一般的プロセスフローにおける「乾燥機」と標示した囲み7のプロセスステップにおいて乾燥する。
以下の例により、本発明の少なくとも1つの態様の特定の特徴または利点を例示することを意図するが、本発明全体を実証するものではない。
特定の実施例を、本発明の炭素捕捉および固定プロセス全体における中心的役割を果たす、化学合成独立栄養微生物の炭素捕捉および固定能力を実証するために提供する。
アメリカンタイプカルチャーコレクション(ATCC)から凍結乾燥培養物として入手した、硫黄酸化化学独立栄養菌Thiomicrospira crunogena ATCC #35932に試験を行った。生物を、推奨ATCC培地である#1422ブロス上で成長させた。以下の化学物質からなるこのブロスを、1リットルの水に溶解した:
Thiomicrospira crunogenaの凍結乾燥した培養物を、ATCCにより推奨される方法に従って水で戻し、最初に5mlのブロス#1422試験管に移し、振とう器に設置した。この培養物を使用して、追加の試験管に植菌した。NaOHを、7.5付近のpHに維持するのに必要なだけ添加した。最終的に、培養物を試験管から250mlの#1422ブロスを入れた1リットルフラスコへ移動し、25度のNew Brunswick Scientific社製振とうフラスコインキュベーターセットに設置した。
本明細書および特許請求の範囲において使用される、句「および/または」は、「いずれかまたは両方」のそのように結合した要素、すなわち、場合によっては結合して存在し、他の場合には区別されて存在する要素を意味するものと理解されなければならない。他の要素は、明確に反対であることを示さない限り、任意に、「および/または」の句により明確に特定された要素以外に存在してもよい。よって、非限定例として、例えば、「〜を含む」などのオープンエンド(open-ended)表現と共に使用される場合の「Aおよび/またはB」への言及は、1つの態様において、BなしのA(任意に、B以外の要素を含有する);別の態様において、AなしのB(任意に、A以外の要素を含有する);さらに、別の態様において、AおよびBの両方(任意に、他の要素を含有する)、などに言及し得る。
Claims (8)
- 二酸化炭素の捕捉および有機化合物への変換のための方法であって、
二酸化炭素ガスを含む燃焼排ガスを、化学合成独立栄養微生物および/または化学合成独立栄養細胞抽出物を含む環境へ導入すること;
燃焼排ガスとは別に発生した電子供与体を環境へ導入すること;および
二酸化炭素を、環境内で、化学合成独立栄養微生物および/または化学合成独立栄養微生物からの酵素を含有する細胞抽出物を利用した少なくとも1つの化学合成炭素固定反応を介して、少なくとも1つの電子供与体および少なくとも1つの電子受容体を使用して、有機化合物中へ固定すること;
ここで、有機化合物は、有機酸、有機酸の塩、エタノールおよびブタノールの少なくとも1種を含み、
前記電子供与体は、再生可能で代替的な慣用の動力源を使用して発生し、該動力源が、光起電、太陽熱、風力、水力発電、核、地熱、強化地熱、海洋熱、海洋波電源および潮力の少なくとも1つから選択され、
前記電子供与体は、前記動力源を使用して、プロトン交換膜(PEM)、液体電解質、高圧電気分解、蒸気高温電気分解(HTES)の少なくとも1つを使用する方法を介した水の電気分解;または酸化鉄サイクル、酸化セリウム(IV)−酸化セリウム(III)サイクル、亜鉛 酸化亜鉛サイクル、硫黄−ヨウ素サイクル、銅−塩素サイクル、カルシウム−臭素−鉄サイクル、ハイブリッド硫黄サイクルの少なくとも1つを使用する、方法を介した水の熱化学的分裂;または硫化水素の電気分解;または硫化水素の熱化学的分裂;を通して発生する水素分子である、
を含む、前記方法。 - 該電子供与体が、以下の還元剤の1種または2種以上を含む、請求項1に記載の方法:アンモニア;アンモニウム;一酸化炭素;亜ジチオン酸塩;元素硫黄;炭化水素;水素;メタ重亜硫酸;一酸化窒素;亜硝酸塩;硫酸塩;チオ硫酸塩;チオ硫酸ナトリウム(Na2S2O3);チオ硫酸カルシウム(CaS2O3);硫化物;硫化水素;亜硫酸塩;チオン酸塩;チオナイト;遷移金属;遷移金属の硫化物;酸化物;カルコゲニド;ハロゲン化物;水酸化物;オキシ水酸化物;リン酸塩;または炭酸塩。
- 該電子受容体が、以下:二酸化炭素;酸素;亜硝酸塩;硝酸塩;第二鉄;遷移金属イオン;または硫酸塩、の1種または2種以上を含む、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 化学合成炭素固定反応の有機および/または無機化学生成物を、固定ステップ中に生成したプロセスストリームから分離して、分離した生成物を形成する、1つまたは2つ以上のプロセスステップ;ならびに細胞集団をプロセスストリームから分離し、環境へバイオマス生成物として再利用するおよび/または集めて処理しバイオマス生成物を産生する、1つまたは2つ以上のプロセスステップが、固定ステップに続く、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 廃棄物および/または不純物または混入物質を、化学合成炭素固定反応の間に生成したプロセスストリームから除去し、廃棄する1つまたは2つ以上のプロセスステップが、固定ステップに続く、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 化学合成独立栄養微生物に、以下の1種または2種以上が含まれる、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法:Acetoanaerobium sp.; Acetobacterium sp.; Acetogenium sp.; Achromobacter sp.; Acidianus sp.; Acinetobacter sp.; Actinomadura sp.; Aeromonas sp.; Alcaligenes sp.; Alcaliqenes sp.; Arcobacter sp.; Aureobacterium sp.; Bacillus sp.; Beggiatoa sp.; Butyribacterium sp.; Carboxydothermus sp.; Clostridium sp.; Comamonas sp.; Dehalobacter sp.; Dehalococcoide sp.; Dehalospirillum sp.; Desulfobacterium sp.; Desulfomonile sp.; Desulfotomaculum sp.; Desulfovibrio sp.; Desulfurosarcina sp.; Ectothiorhodospira sp.; Enterobacter sp.; Eubacterium sp.; Ferroplasma sp.; Halothibacillus sp.; Hydrogenobacter sp.; Hydrogenomonas sp.; Leptospirillum sp.; Metallosphaera sp.; Methanobacterium sp.; Methanobrevibacter sp.; Methanococcus sp.; Methanosarcina sp.; Micrococcus sp.; Nitrobacter sp.; Nitrosococcus sp.; Nitrosolobus sp.; Nitrosomonas sp.; Nitrosospira sp.; Nitrosovibrio sp.; Nitrospina sp.; Oleomonas sp.; Paracoccus sp.; Peptostreptococcus sp.; Planctomycetes sp.; Pseudomonas sp.; Ralstonia sp.; Rhodobacter sp.; Rhodococcus sp.; Rhodocyclus sp.; Rhodomicrobium sp.; Rhodopseudomonas sp.; Rhodospirillum sp.; Shewanella sp.; Streptomyces sp.; Sulfobacillus sp.; Sulfolobus sp.; Thiobacillus sp.; Thiomicrospira sp.; Thioploca sp.; Thiosphaera sp.; Thiothrix sp.;硫黄酸化細菌;水素酸化細菌;鉄酸化細菌;アセトゲン;メタン細菌;熱水孔、地熱孔、温泉、湧水域、地下帯水層、塩湖、含塩層、鉱山、酸性鉱山排水、鉱山尾鉱、油井、製油所排水、炭層、深準表層、排水および下水処理プラント、地熱発電、硫気孔場ならびに土壌の少なくとも1つに固有の化学独立栄養菌;ならびに好熱菌、超好熱菌、好酸性微生物、好塩菌および好冷菌の1種または2種以上からの極限性微生物。
- 該少なくとも1つの化学合成炭素固定反応が、加速突然変異生成、遺伝子工学または改変、雑種形成、合成生物学的手法および伝統的選択育種の1つまたは2つ以上を含む方法を介して、二酸化炭素の固定のためにおよび有機化合物の産生のために改善され、最適化されまたは操作された化学合成独立栄養微生物により行われる、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 化学合成独立栄養微生物の培養物を、環境中に維持し、その環境は、エアリフトリアクター;生物学的洗浄カラム;バイオリアクター;気泡塔;連続撹拌槽型反応器;逆流・上向流・膨張層リアクター;消化装置;下水および/もしくは排水処理用またはバイオレメディエーション用システム;散水ろ床、回転生物接触フィルタ、回転ディスクおよび土壌フィルタから選択される1つまたは2つ以上のフィルタ;流動床リアクター;ガスリフト発酵槽;固定化細胞リアクター;膜バイオフィルム反応器;充填槽反応器;栓流反応器;トリクルベッド反応器;垂直軸バイオリアクターから選択される微生物培養装置を含むおよび/または該装置により少なくとも一部が形成されるか、あるいは、その環境は、縦鉱;タンク;静的ミキサー;大桶;井戸;空洞;洞窟;溜池;ラグーン;池;プール;採石場;貯水池;塔から選択される、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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US12/613,550 | 2009-11-06 | ||
PCT/US2010/001402 WO2011056183A1 (en) | 2009-11-06 | 2010-05-12 | Biological and chemical process utilizing chemoautotrophic microorganisms for the chemosynthetic fixation of carbon dioxide and/or other inorganic carbon sources into organic compounds, and the generation of additional useful products |
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