JP2013231057A - 軟組織石灰化の回復、予防、遅延または安定化方法 - Google Patents
軟組織石灰化の回復、予防、遅延または安定化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013231057A JP2013231057A JP2013142389A JP2013142389A JP2013231057A JP 2013231057 A JP2013231057 A JP 2013231057A JP 2013142389 A JP2013142389 A JP 2013142389A JP 2013142389 A JP2013142389 A JP 2013142389A JP 2013231057 A JP2013231057 A JP 2013231057A
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Abstract
【解決手段】少なくとも約2mg/cm2/分、例えば約2mg/cm2/分〜約4mg/cm2/分の溶解速度を有する有効量の有機第二鉄化合物、例えばクエン酸第二鉄を含む医薬組成物を被験体に投与するステップを含む方法。該医薬組成物は、関節、皮膚、眼、心血管系、例えば心臓弁、心筋、冠動脈および細動脈、または内臓、例えば腎臓および肺の軟組織石灰化に対する治療に有効である。
【選択図】図1
Description
米国の9人に1人が慢性腎疾患(CKD)の何らかの兆候を有すると推定され、それは、正常な腎クリアランス/機能を有するタンパク尿から、透析または移植の形式の腎代償療法を必要とする進行した腎不全(一般に末期腎疾患(ESRD)と称される)に及ぶ。米国心臓協会(American Heart Association)は、最近、慢性腎疾患を有する個体が循環器疾患の最も高いリスクグループに算入されるべきであり、したがって循環器疾患の有病率および重症度を低減するための積極的な予防措置を受けるべきであろうことを支持する強力な証拠を詳しく述べるScientific Statementを発表した。
本発明の前記目的および他の目的にしたがって、本発明の簡単な要旨を示す。以下の要旨には、いくらかの簡略化および省略が施されている可能性があるが、それは本発明のいくつかの態様を強調および導入するためのものであり、その範囲を限定するためのものではない。当業者が本発明の概念を実施および使用することを可能にするために適切な好ましい典型的実施形態についての詳細な説明は後のセクションで示す。
新規有機第二鉄化合物、例えばクエン酸第二鉄の製造方法は米国仮出願第60/763,253号、およびPCT/US2006/032585に開示されている。前記文献は参照によりその全体がここに組み入れられる。これらの第二鉄化合物は、市販の形態のクエン酸第二鉄化合物または複合体よりも広いpH範囲において、より可溶性である。さらにまた、本発明の有機第二鉄化合物は、市販の形態のクエン酸第二鉄化合物と比較して、より広い有効表面積を有する。これらの有機第二鉄化合物は、より可溶性であるため、それらを、有機第二鉄化合物、例えばクエン酸第二鉄での治療に対して応答性の病状に苦しむ患者に、より効果的に経口送達することができる。
リン(phosphorous)との結合についての高親和性;
広範囲のpHにわたる可溶性;
pHに依存しない高速結合性;
高溶解性;
身体全体にわたる低吸収性;
毒性なし;
経口投与可能; および/または
製造が安価。
医薬品グレードの有機第二鉄化合物を合成するための一般的方法
有機第二鉄化合物を合成するための一般的方法は、PCT/US2006/032585、および米国仮出願第60/763,253号(該文献は参照により本出願に組み入れられる)に開示されている。代表的な有機第二鉄化合物には、非限定的に、クエン酸第二鉄が含まれる。
本発明の一実施形態では、有機第二鉄化合物はクエン酸第二鉄である。クエン酸第二鉄を生成するための出発材料は、塩化第二鉄六水和物(FeCl36H2O)の1.85M溶液を含む。比1:3の第二鉄 対 水酸化物イオンを達成するために必要な5M水酸化ナトリウムの容量を、20 ml/分未満、好ましくは約10 ml/分〜約20 ml/分の範囲の速度で塩化第二鉄六水和物溶液に加える。該混合物の温度を40℃未満、好ましくは約10℃〜約40℃の範囲で維持しつつ、水酸化ナトリウムを加えて、水酸化第二鉄の酸化ポリ鉄コロイド懸濁液を形成させる。該懸濁液のpHを測定しながら、水酸化ナトリウムを加える。pHが7.0を超えたら、懸濁液を30℃未満、好ましくは約10℃〜約30℃の範囲になるまで冷却する。そして1 mm孔フィルターを通して該懸濁液をろ過して凝集物を分散させ、大きい粒子の水酸化第二鉄沈殿を除去する。そしてろ過した水酸化第二鉄懸濁液を遠心分離する。上清を廃棄し、沈殿させた水酸化第二鉄を再び遠心分離して、すべての残りの上清を除去する。そして水酸化第二鉄沈殿を蒸留水で再懸濁する。遠心分離-再懸濁ステップをさらに2回反復して、水酸化第二鉄沈殿を洗浄し、水溶性不純物を除去する。そして得られた水酸化第二鉄沈殿をホモジナイズする。
末期腎疾患(ESRD)患者における血清リン酸に対するクエン酸第二鉄の効果についての無作為化、二重盲検、プラセボ対照化、用量範囲決定(Dose-Ranging)研究
目的: (1) 末期腎疾患(ESRD)患者における血清リン酸(PO4)レベルに対する、28日間にわたり、TID (3回/日)で投与される、2、4および6 g/日の用量のクエン酸第二鉄の効果を決定すること。(2) ESRD患者において、28日間の、TID投与される、2、4、6 g/日の用量のクエン酸第二鉄の安全性を評価すること。
糸球体ろ過量(GFR)レベルは構造的な腎臓損傷と相関し、したがって腎機能を測定するための黄金標準として使用される。GFRは、バイオマーカーである血清クレアチニンによって推定することができる。腎機能が悪化すると、腎臓は、クレアチニンを効率的に排泄するその機能を失い、その結果、体内にクレアチニンが保持される。したがって、血清クレアチニンの増加はGFRの低下を示し、それは腎臓悪化の重要な徴候である。
角膜石灰化の測定方法
デジタルカメラ(NIKON E995)に連結された細隙灯顕微鏡を使用して眼の検査を行った。角膜の石灰化は角膜縁の鼻側および側頭側の近くで生じ、高カルシウム血症の帯状角膜症のように見える。観察者は、内側(鼻の近く)、外側(側頭の近く)を撮影するか、または石灰化が認められる角膜の全体像を撮った(図6)。したがって、各眼について撮影された1〜2枚の写真が存在し、その結果、1検査当たり患者1人につき2〜4枚の写真が収集された。
クエン酸第二鉄は角膜石灰化を回復させる
上記第二相研究から得られた結果では、クエン酸第二鉄が用量依存的様式で血清CaxPを減少させることができ、最小限の副作用しか伴わないことが示される。眼球の石灰化は最も頻繁に観察される軟組織石灰化の1つであるため、第二相研究の終了後に、眼球の角膜石灰化に対するクエン酸第二鉄の効果および軟組織石灰化に対するその意義をさらに調査するために、クエン酸第二鉄での処置を、非盲検延長(OLE)として延長した。
Claims (40)
- 被験体の軟組織石灰化を治療する方法であって、有効量の有機第二鉄化合物を該被験体に投与するステップを含む方法。
- 有機第二鉄化合物が少なくとも約2 mg/cm2/分の溶解速度を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 有機第二鉄化合物の溶解速度が約2 mg/cm2/分〜約4 mg/cm2/分である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 有機第二鉄化合物が、以下のステップ:
a) 第二鉄塩を得るステップ;
b) 酸化ポリ鉄(polyiron oxide)を含む混合物を生成するのに好適な条件下で水酸化アルカリ金属を第二鉄塩に加えるステップ;
c) 混合物から沈殿を単離するステップ;
d) 沈殿に有機酸を加えるステップ;
e) 有機酸および沈殿を加熱して、それにより有機酸第二鉄溶液を形成させるステップ; および
f) 有機溶媒によって有機酸第二鉄溶液から有機第二鉄化合物を沈殿させるステップ
を含む方法にしたがって製造される、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 水酸化アルカリ金属が水酸化ナトリウムまたは水酸化カリウムである、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 20 ml/分未満の速度で水酸化アルカリ金属を加え、40℃未満の温度で水酸化アルカリ金属を第二鉄塩に加える、請求項4または5に記載の方法。
- 有機酸および沈殿を約80℃〜約90℃の温度に加熱し、かつ、有機溶媒によって有機酸第二鉄溶液から有機第二鉄化合物を沈殿させるステップが、有機溶媒を加える前に有機酸第二鉄溶液を30℃未満に冷却するステップを含む、請求項4〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 有機酸が結晶性形状である、請求項4〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 有機酸が、クエン酸、酢酸、イソクエン酸、コハク酸、フマル酸、および酒石酸からなる群から選択される、請求項4〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 有機溶媒が、エタノール、メタノール、ブタノール、イソプロピルアルコール、アセトン、およびテトラヒドロフランからなる群から選択される、請求項4〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 第二鉄塩が塩化第二鉄六水和物であり、水酸化アルカリ金属が水酸化ナトリウムであり、かつ有機酸が結晶性クエン酸である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 被験体がヒトまたは動物である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 被験体が慢性腎疾患または末期腎疾患を有している、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 被験体が腎臓透析または腎移植を受けている、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 被験体の軟組織石灰化が回復するか、予防されるか、遅延するか、または安定化される、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 軟組織が、関節、皮膚、眼、心臓弁、心筋、冠動脈および細動脈、腎臓または肺の組織である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 有機第二鉄化合物が経口投与に好適な剤形である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 経口投与に好適な剤形が、錠剤、散剤、懸濁剤、乳剤、カプセル剤、ロゼンジ剤、顆粒剤、トローチ剤、丸剤、液剤、酒精剤、またはシロップ剤である、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 有機第二鉄化合物がクエン酸第二鉄である、請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 被験体の軟組織石灰化を治療するための治療計画であって、許容しうる担体および有効量の有機第二鉄化合物を含む医薬組成物を含み、該医薬組成物を一回または複数回投与計画で投与する、治療計画。
- 有機第二鉄化合物が少なくとも約2 mg/cm2/分の溶解速度を有する、請求項20に記載の治療計画。
- 有機第二鉄化合物の溶解速度が約2 mg/cm2/分〜約4 mg/cm2/分である、請求項21に記載の治療計画。
- 医薬組成物の少なくとも一部分を経口投与する、請求項20〜22のいずれか一項に記載の治療計画。
- 有機第二鉄化合物を、錠剤、散剤、懸濁剤、乳剤、カプセル剤、ロゼンジ剤、顆粒剤、トローチ剤、丸剤、液剤、酒精剤、またはシロップ剤として製剤化する、請求項20〜23のいずれか一項に記載の治療計画。
- 被験体が慢性腎疾患または末期腎疾患を有している、請求項20に記載の治療計画。
- 被験体の軟組織石灰化が回復するか、予防されるか、遅延するか、または安定化される、請求項20〜25のいずれか一項に記載の治療計画。
- 軟組織が、関節、皮膚、眼、心臓弁、心筋、冠動脈および細動脈、腎臓または肺の組織である、請求項26に記載の治療計画。
- 腎臓透析または腹膜透析をさらに含む、請求項20〜27のいずれか一項に記載の治療計画。
- 有機第二鉄化合物がクエン酸第二鉄である、請求項20〜28のいずれか一項に記載の治療計画。
- 被験体の軟組織石灰化を治療するための医薬組成物であって、少なくとも約2 mg/cm2/分の溶解速度を有する有効量の有機第二鉄化合物を含む医薬組成物。
- 有機第二鉄化合物の溶解速度が約2 mg/cm2/分〜約4 mg/cm2/分である、請求項30に記載の医薬組成物。
- 経口投与に好適な剤形である、請求項30または31に記載の医薬組成物。
- 経口投与に好適な剤形が、錠剤、散剤、懸濁剤、乳剤、カプセル剤、ロゼンジ剤、顆粒剤、トローチ剤、丸剤、液剤、酒精剤、またはシロップ剤である、請求項32に記載の医薬組成物。
- 有機第二鉄化合物がクエン酸第二鉄である、請求項30〜33のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 被験体の軟組織石灰化を治療するための医薬の製造における、有効量の有機第二鉄化合物を含む医薬組成物の使用。
- 有機第二鉄化合物が少なくとも約2 mg/cm2/分の溶解速度を有する、請求項35に記載の使用。
- 被験体が慢性腎疾患または末期腎疾患を有している、請求項35に記載の使用。
- 被験体の軟組織石灰化を回復させるか、予防するか、遅延させるか、または安定化する、請求項35〜37のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 軟組織が、関節、皮膚、眼、心臓弁、心筋、冠動脈および細動脈、腎臓または肺の組織である、請求項38に記載の使用。
- 有機第二鉄化合物がクエン酸第二鉄である、請求項35〜39のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
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