JP2013081452A - High yield cultivation method and high yield rootstock of rosette type plant - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an improved production method for improving the yield of rosette type plants, particularly of rosette type vegetables, and to provide rosette type plant rootstocks obtained by the method and increased in the number of leaves per rootstock.SOLUTION: The improved production method for increasing the number of leaves per rootstock for the production of rosette type plants includes sowing the plants to cultivate them and breaking vegetative points of a ground part after the appearance of leaves to induce the formation of a plurality of new vegetative points so that leaves appear anew from the circumference of each of the plurality of newly formed vegetative points. The rosette type plant rootstocks obtained by the method are increased in the number of leaves per rootstock.

Description

  The present invention provides a high yield cultivation method for rosette-type plants and a high-yield strain obtained by the method, particularly a rosette-type plant as a crop, especially a cultivation method for increasing the yield of rosette-type vegetables, and a high yield obtained by the method. It relates to a rosette-type plant strain to give.

  Improving the production efficiency of agricultural crops is important so that they can be stably supplied to the market at a lower cost and in sufficient quantities. For example, with regard to vegetables, in recent years, so-called “plant factories”, which are systems that produce vegetables by hydroponics under fully artificial lighting, etc., in a controlled facility that is not influenced by the climate, are gradually being realized. Such a system has a great advantage in that it can prevent the pests and diseases because it can almost completely control the growth environment of the vegetables, and can grow vegetables without any agricultural chemicals. On the other hand, the construction and maintenance of such facilities involves a large amount of capital investment and operating costs, and how to increase production efficiency is one of the important factors for the establishment of a plant factory as a business. Become one. For this reason, various efforts have been made such as the wavelength and intensity of illumination, day length, temperature, nutrient solution, structure of the culture apparatus, and others.

  On the other hand, a method for increasing the yield by applying a predetermined mechanical treatment to the vegetable plant itself has been known. For example, there is a method for reversing one bud in eggplant and a method for culling cucumbers. In addition, a method has been proposed for tomatoes that enables high yield by combining pruning of stems at a predetermined position above specific flower buds and excision other than the strongest side buds below flower buds (Patent Document 1). reference). Furthermore, in the cultivation of watercress, an efficient cultivation method is also known in which a tip of a cutting seedling, a tip of a twig, a tip of a grandchild branch, and the like are sequentially centered at a predetermined stage (see Patent Document 2). However, these methods are not applicable to rosette-type plants such as kale, sanchu, lettuce, etc., that is, plants that do not form branches or elongated stems.

  In addition, the internal high potential inside the Casparian strip of the plant body and the external low potential on the epidermis side are inserted and directly connected to the skin to increase the potential on the epidermis side. A method for increasing the growth of a living body has also been proposed (see Patent Document 3). However, this method is cumbersome because it is necessary to insert a voltmeter terminal into the plant to find the part where the change rate of the internal and external potential difference is maximized in order to identify the part to which the electrical conductor is attached. Since it is necessary to manage the state of the body and to remove it during harvesting, it cannot be used in the mass production of vegetables.

JP 2004-194556 A Japanese Patent No. 4737356 International Publication No. 2011/052203

  In the above background, an object of the present invention is to provide an improved production method for increasing the yield of rosette-type plants, particularly rosette-type vegetables. Another object of the present invention is to provide a high-yield strain of rosette-type plants, particularly rosette-type vegetables, obtained by such a method.

  As an example of a rosette-type plant, the present inventor used a cruciferous vegetable kale mainly used as a material for green juice and a vegetable sanctuary of the same kind as the Asteraceae lettuce and cultivated them for a certain period of time. By inserting the tip of the instrument into the part where the growth point of the part is present and destroying the growth point, the growth point is induced to differentiate, and new growth points are generated radially so as to surround the plant body. It was found that kale and sanchu with greatly increased number of leaves can be obtained by generating multiple leaves at each of the growing points, and that long-term cultivation can be continued while harvesting these leaves sequentially. The present invention is based on this discovery. That is, the present invention provides the following.

1. An improved production method for increasing the number of leaves per strain for the production of rosette-type plants, sowing the plant and cultivating it, destroying the growth point of the above-ground part after the leaves are produced And thereby inducing the generation of a plurality of new growth points, and generating a new leaf from each of the plurality of newly generated growth points.
2. Method 1 above, wherein the growth point is destroyed for the first growth point.
3. The method according to 1 or 2 above, wherein the destruction of the growth point is performed by piercing the plant part where the growth point exists with the tip of the instrument.
4). 4. The method according to any one of 1 to 3 above, wherein the rosette-type plant is a rosette-type vegetable.
5. The method according to 4 above, wherein the rosette-type vegetable is kale, sanchu or lettuce.
6). The method according to any one of 1 to 5 above, wherein the cultivation is by hydroponics or soil cultivation.
7). A rosette-type plant strain obtained by increasing the number of leaves per strain obtained by any one of the above methods 1 to 6.
8). The leaves of the rosette-type plant strain of 8 above.

  According to the present invention, the number of leaves per rosette-type plant, for example, a rosette-type vegetable can be greatly increased. Those leaves that have increased in number will be newly grown even if they are harvested as appropriate, so it is possible to continue cultivation while harvesting the leaves, and the yield is high due to the large amount of leaves. Especially in an artificial environment such as a plant factory, it is possible to continue cultivation for a long time without being affected by the season, so the yield of leaves per rosette-type vegetable with an increased number and quantity of leaves Compared to the conventional case, it can be greatly increased. In addition, according to the present invention, the first growth point that originally existed at the center of the plant body is destroyed, so that it spreads from around the new growth points that are generated below the original growth point. Therefore, in the case of a plant factory, the height of the cultivation shelf can be set low, thereby increasing the number of steps of the shelf, thereby enabling high-density and therefore highly efficient cultivation.

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of growth points per strain and the number of leaves harvested from the strain in Example 1. FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of growth points per strain and the total weight of leaves harvested from the strain in Example 1. FIG. 3 shows the number of new growth points generated by differentiation per strain and the number of plant strains having the same number of growth points at 9 days after the growth point destruction treatment in Example 2. It is a graph which shows a relationship. FIG. 4 shows a comparison of the average number of growth points per plant strain between the control strain and the strain in which the growth point was destroyed at the time point 42 days after the growth point destruction treatment in Example 2. It is a graph. FIG. 5 shows a comparison of the average number of harvested leaves per plant plant between the control strain and the strain in which the growth point was destroyed at 42 days after the growth point destruction treatment in Example 2. It is a graph which shows. FIG. 6 shows the comparison of the average harvest weight of leaves per plant line between the control strain and the strain in which the growth point was disrupted at 42 days after the growth point disruption treatment in Example 2. It is a graph. FIG. 7 shows the number of new growth points generated by differentiation per strain and the number of plant strains having the same number of growth points at the time 9 days after the growth point destruction treatment in Example 3. It is a graph which shows a relationship. FIG. 8 shows the comparison of the average number of growth points per plant strain between the control strain and the strain in which the growth point was destroyed at the time point 91 days after the growth point destruction treatment in Example 4. It is a graph. FIG. 9 shows a comparison of the average number of harvested leaves per plant line between the control strain and the strain in which the growth point was destroyed at the time point 91 days after the growth point destruction treatment in Example 4. It is a graph which shows. FIG. 10 shows a comparison of the average harvest weight of leaves per plant strain between the control strain and the strain in which the growth point was destroyed at the time point 91 days after the growth point destruction treatment in Example 4. It is a graph.

  In the present invention, a “rosette-type plant” refers to a plant in which the stem hardly grows internodes and there is no above-ground stem or is extremely short, so that the leaves are directly out of or close to the ground. Examples of rosette-type plants include not only kale, sanchu, lettuce, mizuna, komatsuna, spinach, garlic, cabbage, broccoli, strawberry and dandelion, but also bulbous plants such as garlic, tulip, lily and saffron. The “rosette-type vegetable” refers to a rosette-type plant in which the rosette-shaped leaf portion is used as a vegetable.

  In the present invention, the destruction of the growth point of the above-ground part of the rosette type plant is performed by piercing the very short stem tip part surrounded by the root of the leaf with the tip of the instrument. The position of the growth point on the ground is a well-known matter for those skilled in the art. The destruction of the growth point is performed on the first growth point, but it is added as needed as long as the leaves do not grow too densely on one or more of the new growth points that are differentiated thereafter. It is also possible to apply the same processing. There are no particular limitations on the device for piercing the growth point on the ground, and any wire, nail, pin, or any other device that can be pierced and destroyed by the growth point may be used. The depth to stab may be appropriate as long as the tip of the instrument penetrates the growth point or is crushed. For example, it is sufficient to stab at a depth of about 1 cm. Also, since the growth point is very small, it is difficult to selectively destroy only the growth point, and the peripheral part including the growth point can be destroyed at the same time. There is no particular limitation on the shape of the tip of the instrument that pierces the growth point, and the tip may or may not be sharp. The diameter of the tip is not particularly limited. For example, it is convenient and convenient to set the diameter to about 0.3 to 5 mm, but the diameter can be used outside this range. Further, the device may be agitated with the tip of the instrument stabbed into the tip of the stem.

  According to the present invention, by destroying the growth point at the tip of the stem at the center of the rosette-type plant, in particular, the rosette-type vegetable, several newly-induced differentiation points are below the original growth point. It grows radially around the stem and grows densely so that multiple leaves spread from each of these new growth points.

  The present invention can be carried out in open field cultivation or soil cultivation, but the advantages are even greater if it is used in hydroponics in an artificial environment such as in a plant factory. The conventional environmental conditions for cultivation such as nutrient solution, temperature, day length, and light source for hydroponics may be used. Hydroponics is not affected by the season and can be cultivated for a long time. In the meantime, in the present invention, a large number of new leaves are grown and appropriate leaves are grown in order. It can be harvested continuously to make a product, and the yield per share is large. Further, according to the present invention, an entire strain of rosette type plants with much more leaves than in the past may be used as a product.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the examples.
In any of the following examples, the following environmental conditions for cultivation were common.
[Facility and fertilizer]
Light source: White fluorescent lamp fertilizer: Otsuka House SA prescription light period / dark period: 14 hours / 10 hours CO ₂ fertilization: 1500 ppm

[Seeding-raising seedlings]
Seeds of kale (Examples 1 to 3) or Sanchu (Example 4) were sown in a urethane medium and irradiated 6 times / at an irradiation intensity of 5000 to 5500 lux, a room temperature of 18 to 20 ° C., and a nutrient solution concentration EC = 1.0 mS / cm. After 5 days of irrigation, the plants are planted in a submerged hydroponics so that the roots are completely immersed, with an irradiation intensity of 13,000 to 18000 lux, a room temperature of 20 ° C., and a nutrient solution concentration of EC = 1.8 mS / cm. Raised seedlings.

[Example 1] Kale At the time of raising seedlings for 33 days after sowing (several leaves are generated around the growth point), a nail with a diameter of 3 mm is placed in a region including the growth point at the center of the plant body about 1 cm. The growth point was destroyed by insertion. When hydroponics was continued under the same cultivation conditions, new growth points began to be differentiated and produced about one week after the growth point destruction treatment. 1 to 6 leaves were generated around these newly generated growth points. Cultivation was continued while cutting and harvesting only large leaves every 9-12 days. As a result of harvesting 60 days after the growth point destruction treatment, FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the number of growth points per plant and the number of leaves harvested from that plant, and FIG. The relationship between the number of growth points per strain and the harvest weight of leaves from that strain is shown below.

  As can be seen from the results, the number of leaves harvested per strain is almost proportional to the number of newly grown growth points (Fig. 1), and the weight of leaves harvested per strain has a higher correlation coefficient. It was proportional (Figure 2). From these facts, the harvesting efficiency (number of sheets, weight) per leaf can be increased by increasing the growth point by the method of the present invention.

[Example 2] Kale At the time of seedling growth for 21 days after sowing (a plurality of leaves are generated around the growth point), the growth point at the center of the plant body was determined for some strains (control strains). After breaking the growth point by inserting a nail with a diameter of 3 mm into the included area, hydroponic cultivation was continued as it was under the same cultivation conditions for all the strains. FIG. 3 shows the distribution of the number of new growth points per strain that had been generated by differentiation 9 days after the growth point disruption treatment. The horizontal axis represents the number of growth points per plant plant, and the vertical axis represents the total number of strains having the indicated number of growth points. It can be seen that there are many cases in which 3 to 6 growth points are already differentiated 9 days after the growth point destruction treatment.

  Furthermore, the harvest data per strain at 42 days after the growth point destruction treatment are shown in FIGS. The number of growth points for the control strain (no treatment) averaged about 1.3 per share, which was almost unchanged, whereas the strain for which growth point destruction was applied averaged about 4.2 per share. Individually, the number was significantly increased to about 3.2 times that of the control strain (FIG. 4). In addition, the number of leaves that could be harvested was about 3.8 per control, compared to about 3.8 per plant for the strains that had been subjected to the growth point destruction treatment, about 3.2. The leaf harvest weight also increased by an average of 60.8 g per strain in the strain subjected to the growth point destruction treatment, compared with 47.2 g per strain in the control strain, about 1.3%. Doubled (Figure 6).

[Example 3] Kale At the time of seedling growth for 21 days after sowing (a plurality of leaves are generated surrounding the growth point), the growth point at the center of the plant body is determined for some strains (control strains). The growth point was destroyed by inserting a metal rod having a diameter of 0.4 mm into the containing area, and hydroponic cultivation was continued under the same conditions for all strains. FIG. 7 shows the distribution of the number of differentiated growth points 9 days after the growth point destruction process. The horizontal axis represents the number of growth points per plant strain, and the vertical axis represents the number of strains having each number of growth points. As can be seen in the figure, at the time 9 days after the growth point destruction treatment, the generation of 2 to 5 growth points due to differentiation was already confirmed in all the strains.

[Example 4] Sanchu At the time of seedling growth for 23 days (several leaves are generated around the growth point), the growth points at the center of the plant body except for some strains (control strains) The growth point was destroyed by inserting a nail with a diameter of 3 mm into the area containing 1 cm. Under the same cultivation conditions, cultivation was continued while harvesting by cutting out only large leaves every 7 days. New growth points began to be differentiated and produced about one week after the growth point destruction treatment. In the control strain (no treatment), no increase in the number of growth points was confirmed. In strains that have undergone growth point disruption, there is a direct relationship between the increase in the number of growth points and the increase in the number of harvested and harvested weights, and the yield increases as the number of growth points increases due to the treatment. It was confirmed that 8 to 10 show the harvest data per strain at 91 days after the growth point destruction treatment.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is useful as an efficient cultivation method for rosette-type plants because the number of leaves per strain of rosette-type plants can be greatly increased to increase the efficiency of leaf harvesting. It is also useful as a technique for providing a rosette-type plant strain with a greatly increased number of leaves.

Claims (8)

  An improved production method for increasing the number of leaves per strain for the production of rosette-type plants, sowing the plant and cultivating it, destroying the growth point of the above-ground part after the leaves are produced And thereby inducing the generation of a plurality of new growth points, and generating a new leaf from each of the plurality of newly generated growth points.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the destruction of the growth point is performed on the first growth point.   The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the destruction of the growth point is performed by piercing the plant part where the growth point exists with the tip of the instrument.   The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the rosette-type plant is a rosette-type vegetable.   5. The method of claim 4, wherein the rosette-type vegetable is kale, sanchu or lettuce.   The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the cultivation is by hydroponics or soil cultivation.   A rosette-type plant strain obtained by increasing the number of leaves per strain obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6. The leaves of the rosette-type plant strain of claim 7.

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