CN101341848B - Direct-seeding continuous cultivation method for lianas vegetables in greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a continuous farming method of the direct sown seedlings of vine vegetables; the method is carried out in a green house; the temperature of the greenhouse is 13 DEG C to 30 DEG C, the humidity is 60 percent to 85 percent and the light time is no fewer than 8h every day; the cultured rootstock seedlings are planted at the transposition points in advance; after the seedlings grow into strong seedlings, 30cm to 50cm young vine sprouts are selected as grafts; a cutting blade is used to chamfercut from down to top between two sections of every graft, and the depth is 1.5cmto 2.5cm and the depth is no less than half of the diameter of the young sprouts; the cutting blade is used to cut both sides in the middle of the leaves in the second section of the rootstock seedling into sharp wedge shape, and the length is consistent with the notch depth of the grafts; then the two sides are butted and bound with the grafts; one month after the cut is healed, the binding is untied; old vines are cut off from below the grafting cut, pulled up together with old roots and removed outside the greenhouse; the old vines are pulled up after being cut off, plant residue is pickedout to receive disinfection, and then organic fertilizer is added in. The seedling grafted through the method has high survival rate, high yield and can realize continuous production.

Description

The greenhouse direct-seeding continuous cultivation method for lianas vegetables

Technical field

The present invention relates to the cultivation method of a kind of liana class vegetables, specifically a kind of greenhouse direct-seeding continuous cultivation method for lianas vegetables.

Background technology

Seeding and seedling raising cultivation and soilless culture are generally adopted in the cultivation of greenhouse liana class vegetables, or graft seedling growth cultivation, when tendril grows, blooms, the result reaches the later stage, when length reaches more than 10 meters, if continuing cultivation goes down, the climing dish that can only fall is tied in the face of land, this not only seriously ties up spatial surface, and grow damage by disease and insect easily, root system, tendril wear out simultaneously, and further growth is gone down, because conducting tissue is long, nutrient is difficult to ample supply growth slightly newly, and then influences the yield and quality of fruit, can only pull out tendril at last.

If carry out the cultivation of production next time with a kind of liana class vegetables, need again seeding and seedling raising once more, the cultivation of beginning next cycle, must there be one section to have no result the phase for a long time in the middle of this, or be called dynamic stage, not only output is affected, and has increased labour intensity again simultaneously, has increased the input of fund simultaneously.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to fall behind, provide a kind of live seedling of greenhouse liana class vegetables of realizing to continue the method for cultivation at the cultivation method of existing liana class vegetables.

Realize the foregoing invention purpose by the following technical solutions: a kind of greenhouse direct-seeding continuous cultivation method for lianas vegetables, this method is to adopt directly producing the milpa sowing, cultivate strong sprout, young sprout with similar liana vegetables, carry out the cultivation of grafting dystopy, enable new root, recover its growth conditions again.This method serves as that carry out on cultivation basis with " organic ecological soilless culture substrate " in the greenhouse, it is characterized in that this cultivation method comprises the steps:

A, cultivation condition:

1. greenhouse experiment: temperature is controlled at 13-30 ℃, humidity 60-85%, light application time and is no less than 8 hours every day in the greenhouse;

2. tendril condition: when the length of the old tendrils of liana class vegetables reached more than 10 meters, transportation nutrient ability and bearing capacity descended, and the shoot growth impetus slows down, tendril and root suberification, insect bite that tendril is anosis evil;

3. strain, the line space of former cultivation tendril class vegetables are no less than 35 * 60cm, and every mu of strain numerical control is in 3000 strains, and width is capable cultivates.

B, cultivation method:

1. live condition: before the live phase, climingly carry out falling for twice climing to old, falling climing for the first time is near cultivation direct sowing and seedling it provides environment, and between strain directly seeding and seedling raising make stock, its spacing in the rows of growing seedlings remains in the 35cm; After treating that live seedling is unearthed, its seedling directly reaches 1-1.5cm or its diameter and is not less than three of young sprout diameter/two and o'clock carries out falling the second time climing, and this falls and carries out grafting and root-changing after climing;

2. change method for root: the tendril young sprout 30-50cm that selects and remain, cut sth. askew from bottom to top with blade in the position between two joints, and its length is between 1.5-2.5cm, and its degree of depth is no more than 1/2nd of diameter; The diameter of section of live seedling is not less than 2/3rds of young sprout diameter, keep the second joint blade, get the above mid portion of second joint, cut its both sides wedgewise with blade, its length is consistent with the young sprout notch depth, and the plastic strip bondage is fixed or used in the two butt joint back with Grafting clip;

C, final-period management: treat that the tendril wound healing after 30-50 days, opens bondage, look its healing degree, 2-3cm cuts off always climingly under the grafting wound, and Lian Laogen together pulls up, and shifts out the greenhouse.

Compare with existing cultivation method, the present invention reduces labour intensity, dwindles production cost, and then reaches maximum production; Available live seedling upgrades root system, reduces old climing length, reduces the time of nourishing and growing and cultivation number of times, makes full use of existing plant tissue, brings into play its potential, increases its reproductive growth time, and the maximization of devoting exclusive attention to output reaches lasting purpose of producing; A kind of new approaches have been opened up for realizing the batch production soilless culture.The present invention is particularly useful for Curcurbitaceae and liana class, reaches the vegetables that tomato belongs to class.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment in detail the present invention is described in detail.

Cultivation principle of the present invention is:

1, liane is in the organic evolution process, belong to together, of the same race have certain affinity.

2, the new top of part slightly of most lianes belongs to the indeterminate growth type; There is sprouting of lateral bud to grow up to young sprout again, the characteristic that replaces main climing continuation to grow forward.As long as nutrient abundance, environment, growth conditions suit, there is the possibility of growth continuously.

3, liane is in process of growth, and constantly lengthening growth is transported nutrient apart from lengthening, root, stem are climing aging gradually, absorb the nutrient ability and descend gradually, directly influence the quality and quantity of fruit, last because seasonal periodicity changes, and impels it to stop growing or enters resting state.

The present invention adopts directly to sow at the production milpa, cultivates strong sprout, with the young sprout of similar tendril vegetables, carries out the cultivation of grafting dystopy, enables new root, makes it recover growth conditions again.With the cucumber cultivation is example, and its cultivation matrix is selected " organic ecological soilless culture substrate " for use, as cultivation basis, cultivates in that controllable temperature is indoor, all can throughout the year.

Cultivation condition:

1. temperature is controlled at 13-30 ℃, humidity about 60-85%, light application time and is no less than 8 hours every day.

2. the length the old tendril of cucumber reaches more than 10 meters, and transportation nutrient ability and bearing capacity descend, and the shoot growth ability slows down, tendril and root suberification, insect bite that tendril is anosis evil;

3. the strain of former cucumber seedling, line space are no less than 35 * 60cm, and every mu of strain numerical control is in 3000 strains, and width is capable cultivates, two narrow row 35cm wherein, a wide capable 60cm.

Concrete cultivation method is:

1. live condition: before the live phase, to old climing carry out falling for twice climing, fall for the first time and will remove Lao Ye, the residual leaf of sick worm near old climing when climing, as far as possible the old climing dish knot that falls is put in the ranks, for direct sowing and seedling is reserved planting environment, and direct sowing cucumber kind is grown seedlings in this environment, all will implement the desinsection processing to cultivation matrix before the sowing and after planting.

Falling for the second time climing is after new cucumber seedling is unearthed, seedling reaches two joints when above, carry out pinching to live seedling and handle, and grows up when healthy and strong gradually, treat that cucumber new talent diameter reaches 1-1.5cm or its diameter and is not less than three of young sprout diameter/two o'clock, more live seedling and young sprout are carried out graft and transplantation.

2. grafting method: the climing young sprout 30-50cm of the strong yellow melon vine of selecting and remain, cut sth. askew from bottom to top with blade in the position between two joints, and its length is about 1.5-2.5cm, and its degree of depth is no more than 1/2nd of young sprout diameter; The diameter of section of direct sowing and seedling is not less than 2/3rds of young sprout diameter, keep the first segment blade, get the above mid portion of first segment, cut its both sides wedgewise with blade, its length is consistent with the young sprout notch depth as far as possible, and the plastic strip bondage is fixed or used in the two butt joint back with Grafting clip.

C, final-period management: treat that the tendril grafting is intact after 30-50 days, bondage is opened in wound healing, looks its healing degree, and 2-3cm cuts off always climingly under the grafting wound, and Lian Laogen together pulls up, and shifts out the greenhouse.

Go climing after, extract always climingly, sort out Lao Ye and other plant residues, carry out the organic thorough disinfection comprehensively of primary space sterilization and cultivation simultaneously and handle, add fertilizer then, in order to the usefulness of changing root next time.Go climing before, impose some phosphorus potash fertilizer and an amount of pouring water to newly changing the root system root; Go will append instant nitrogenousfertilizer one time after climing, and in time pour water, it is consistent with seedling growth to accomplish newly to plant seedling as far as possible, and short its nourished and grown and transformed to its reproductive growth.If growing way is inconsistent or disease worm harm plant occurs, and can not arbitrarily remove, note strengthening independent management, can consider top dressing and cooperate the use of agricultural chemicals.General when changing root, 1-2 weeks changed root in advance to it to time less important comprehensively.If newly do not made progress growing ability slightly really, enable standby plant and substitute.

Enabling opportunity of standby seedling should be placed at every turn and change the root phase comprehensively, if standby seedling is on the weak side in the plant young sprout of growing, can propose a few days ago transposition and plant in change the root phase comprehensively, and it is consistent with production cultivation seedling growth to accomplish newly to plant standby seedling as far as possible.

Change the root cultivation continuously when organic matrix and use more than 2 years, should thoroughly remove, change fresh organic culture substrate.Before removing the back and more renewing matrix, cultivating groove is carried out killing of a thorough disinfection sterilization and worm's ovum, can consider to change the bottom mulch film in case of necessity or heavily spread the new film of one deck.Local easily take place which disease and insect pest are mainly seen in bactericide and utilization of pesticides, are suitable for medicament targetedly.

Change root when for the first time, continue the result after, after weakening appears in growth potential once more, about old climing vice-minister to 10 again meter after, just can consider to change root once more, it changes method for root, final-period management is equal to above method.As long as young sprout has upwards growing ability, just can realize continuing to change root.

The present invention is suitable to be carried out in the greenhouse throughout the year.Vegetable growing methods such as other Curcurbitaceae, tomato genus can be with reference to said method.

Claims (2)

1. greenhouse direct-seeding continuous cultivation method for lianas vegetables, this method is to adopt directly producing the milpa sowing, cultivate strong sprout, with the young sprout of similar liana vegetables, carry out the cultivation of grafting dystopy, enable new root, again recover its growth conditions, this method serves as that carry out on cultivation basis with " organic ecological soilless culture substrate " in the greenhouse, it is characterized in that this cultivation method comprises the steps:

A, cultivation condition:

1. greenhouse experiment: temperature is controlled at 13-30 ℃, humidity 60-85%, light application time and is no less than 8 hours every day in the greenhouse;

2. tendril condition: when the length of the old tendrils of liana class vegetables reached more than 10 meters, transportation nutrient ability and bearing capacity descended, and the shoot growth impetus slows down, tendril and root suberification, insect bite that tendril is anosis evil;

3. strain, the line space of former cultivation tendril class vegetables are no less than 35 * 60cm, and every mu of strain numerical control is in 3000 strains, and width is capable cultivates;

B, cultivation method:

1. live condition: before the live phase, climingly carry out falling for twice climing to old, falling climing for the first time is near cultivation direct sowing and seedling it provides environment, and between strain directly seeding and seedling raising make stock, its spacing in the rows of growing seedlings remains in the 35cm; After treating that live seedling is unearthed, its seedling directly reaches 1-1.5cm or its diameter and is not less than 2/3rds o'clock of tendril young sprout diameter and carries out falling the second time climing, and this falls and carries out grafting and root-changing after climing;

2. change method for root: the tendril young sprout 30-50cm that selects and remain, cut sth. askew from bottom to top with blade in the position between two joints, and its length is between 1.5-2.5cm, and its degree of depth is no more than 1/2nd of diameter; The diameter of section of live seedling is not less than 2/3rds of young sprout diameter, keeps the second joint blade, gets the above mid portion of second joint, cuts its both sides wedgewise with blade, and its length is consistent with the young sprout notch depth, and the two butt joint back is fixed with the grafting immobilising device;

C, final-period management: treat that the tendril wound healing after 30-50 days, opens bondage, look its healing degree, 2-3cm cuts off always climingly under the grafting wound, and Lian Laogen together pulls up, and shifts out the greenhouse.

2. greenhouse according to claim 1 direct-seeding continuous cultivation method for lianas vegetables is characterized in that, its growing way weakens once more, when lasting bearing capacity descends once more, it changed root once more after changing root.