JP2013071796A - Noncontact power feeding system for elevator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent interruption of operation due to running-out of charged power of a battery.SOLUTION: A car 11 has a battery 24, and electric power is fed to the car 11 on a feed floor installed with a power feeding device 22 to charge the battery 24. An elevator control device 19 has a function to detect a state where the car 11 is stopped in an unmanned state without call registration as a standby state, a function to move, upon detection of the standby state, the car 11 to the feed floor to perform feeding, and a function to keep the car 11 at rest on the feed floor, when a new call is generated during feeding, until the battery 24 is charged with a charge amount of a fixed amount or more, and to make it return to a normal operation when the battery 24 is charged with a charge amount of the fixed amount or more.

Description

  Embodiments of the present invention relate to an elevator non-contact power supply system that supplies electric power necessary for operation of an elevator in a non-contact manner.

  In recent years, development of large-capacity batteries that can be rapidly charged has progressed, and non-contact power feeding technology has been actively introduced mainly in electric vehicles. The non-contact power supply technology mainly uses the principle of electromagnetic induction, and transmits electric power in a non-contact manner by generating an electromotive force by applying an alternating magnetic flux generated in the primary coil to the secondary coil. Technology.

  Currently, an elevator performs an emergency operation with electric power from a battery provided in a car during a power failure. If the battery charging time is shortened and the capacity is increased, it will be possible to supply power to the equipment in the car using only the battery power, and there is a merit of cordless. Has been.

  In addition, when the remaining amount of the battery is reduced, a method of limiting the air conditioning, lighting, etc. to suppress the power consumption of the battery is also considered.

JP 2009-286635 A JP 2008-7269 A

  However, in the above-described charge-type system, when the remaining amount of the battery drops below a certain value, it is necessary to supply power by moving the car to the installation position of the power supply device. For this reason, for example, if the battery power is greatly consumed in continuous operation, the operation must be interrupted and power must be supplied, resulting in poor elevator operation efficiency.

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a contactless power supply system for an elevator that can prevent interruption of operation due to the battery being out of charge.

  The elevator non-contact power supply system according to the present embodiment has a battery in a car, and the non-contact of the elevator that charges the battery by supplying power to the car in a non-contact manner on the power supply floor where the power supply device is installed. In the power supply system, state detecting means for detecting a state where the call is not registered in the car and is unattended and stopped as a standby state, and the car when the standby state is detected by the state detecting means. The power supply control means for supplying power by moving the battery to the power supply floor, and when a new call is generated during power supply by the power supply control means, until the battery satisfies the charge amount of a certain amount or more. And an operation control means for stopping the car at the power supply floor and returning to normal operation when the battery satisfies a charge amount of a certain amount or more.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a contactless power feeding system for an elevator according to a first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between an elevator control device used in the elevator monitoring non-contact power feeding system and a passenger car and a hall call registration device according to the embodiment. FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the elevator non-contact power feeding system in the embodiment. FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the contactless power feeding system for an elevator according to the second embodiment. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of setting contents of the option table in the embodiment. FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration relating to switching of the charging mode of the elevator control device used in the elevator monitoring non-contact power feeding system according to the third embodiment. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of setting contents of the charging mode table in the embodiment. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the relationship between the normal charge mode and the quick charge mode in the same embodiment. FIG. 9 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the elevator non-contact power feeding system in the embodiment. FIG. 10 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the contactless power feeding system for an elevator according to the fourth embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of notifying the user at the landing in the embodiment that charging is in progress. It is a figure which shows an example in the case of notifying that the operation | movement is partially limited with respect to the user in FIG.

  Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a contactless power feeding system for an elevator according to a first embodiment.

  The elevator car 11 installed in the hoistway is moved up and down through the rope 13 by driving the hoisting machine 12. In addition, a hall call registration device 14 is installed at the hall on each floor. The hall call registration device 14 is a device for a user to register a hall call, and displays an operation unit 15 for designating a destination direction (up / down), an elevator operation status, and the like. Display unit 16.

  The “call to hall” is a call signal registered at the hall on each floor, and includes information on the registered floor and the destination direction. On the other hand, a “car call” to be described later is a call signal registered in the car room, and includes information on the destination floor.

  The car 11 and the hall call registration device 14 on each floor are connected to an elevator control device 19 via transmission cables 17 and 18. The elevator control device 19 controls the operation of the entire elevator, and is installed in a machine room or a hoistway. Electric power for the elevator control device 19 and the hoisting machine 12 is supplied from the power supply device 20 via the power line 21.

  Here, in this system, the floor (reference floor) where the number of times the elevator is used is set as a power supply floor, and power is supplied in a non-contact manner to the car 11 from the power supply device 22 installed there. Yes.

  The car 11 is provided with a power receiving device 23 and a battery 24. The power receiving device 23 is installed at a position facing the power feeding device 22 when the car 11 stops on the power feeding floor. The battery 24 is connected to the power receiving device 23 and stores the electric power supplied from the power supply device 22 in a contactless manner. The electric power stored in the battery 24 is used as driving electric power for lighting devices, indicators, door motors, etc. in the car room.

  For example, an electromagnetic induction method is used as a non-contact power supply method. The “electromagnetic induction method” is a method of transmitting power to the other coil (power receiving side coil) through the magnetic flux generated when a current is passed through one of the two adjacent coils (power feeding side coil). In addition to this, there are a "radio wave system" that converts current into electromagnetic waves and transmits power through an antenna, and an "electromagnetic field resonance system" that uses the resonance phenomenon of electromagnetic fields. It is not limited.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a relationship among the elevator control device 19, the car 11, and the hall call registration device 14 used in the elevator monitoring non-contact power feeding system.

  In the car 11, a car call registration device 31 and a display device 33 are installed near the car door 36. The car call registration device 31 is a device for a user who gets on the car 11 to register a destination floor as a car call. The car call registration device 31 is provided with an operation unit 32 including buttons on each floor for designating a destination floor. The display device 33 displays the operation status of the elevator including the current position and the driving direction.

  In addition, a load detection device 34 and an announcement device 35 are installed in the car 11. The load detection device 34 detects the loaded load of the car 11. The announcement device 35 announces various messages to the users in the car 11.

  Information on the car call (destination floor) transmitted from the car call registration device 31 and information on the load detected by the load detection device 34 are sent to the elevator control device 19 via the transmission cable 17. In addition, hall call information (registered floor and destination direction) transmitted from the hall call registration device 14 on each floor is sent to the elevator control device 19 via the transmission cable 18.

  When the elevator control device 19 receives the car call or the hall call, the elevator control device 19 drives the hoist 12 to cause the car 11 to respond to the floor corresponding to the call. Further, the elevator control device 19 includes a state detection unit 19a, a power supply control unit 19b, and an operation control unit 19c as functions for realizing the present system.

  The state detection unit 19a detects, as a standby state, a state in which no call (a landing call / car call) is registered and a user is not on the car 11, that is, a state where the user is unattended. The presence / absence of a call (hall call / car call) is determined from the registration status of the hall call registration device 14 and the car call registration device 31. The state in which the user is not in the vehicle is determined from the loaded load detected by the load detection device 34 installed in the car 11. If the loaded load is zero, it is determined that the user is not on the car 11, that is, unmanned. In addition, when the state where the car call registration device 31 is not operated continues for a certain time or more, it may be determined that the user is not in the car 11.

  The power feeding control unit 19b moves the car 11 to the power feeding floor when the state detecting unit 19a detects the non-response state of the car 11, and makes contact with the power feeding device 22 and the power receiving device 23 facing each other. Supply power.

  When a new call (landing call / car call) is generated during power feeding by the power feeding control unit 19b, the operation control unit 19c keeps the car 11 running until the battery 24 satisfies a predetermined charging amount. The operation is stopped at the power supply floor, and the normal operation is resumed when the battery 24 satisfies a charge amount of a certain amount or more. In addition, the operation control unit 19c allows the car door to stop longer when the car 11 responds to the power supply floor when the charge amount of the battery 24 falls below a certain amount during normal operation. The drive of 36 is controlled.

  Next, the operation of this system will be described.

  FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the contactless power feeding system of the elevator according to the first embodiment. In addition, the process shown by this flowchart is performed by the elevator control apparatus 19 which is a computer.

  In general, in an elevator, when a power failure occurs, an emergency operation is performed using the electric power of the battery 24 in which the car 11 is installed. In contrast, in this system, the car call registration device 31, the display device 33, the load detection device 34, and the announcement device 35 shown in FIG. Operate each device in the cage including Therefore, it is necessary to secure power for the battery 24 by supplying power before the operation is interrupted due to a shortage of the battery.

  Therefore, the elevator control device 19 first determines whether or not the car 11 is stopped in a standby state (step A11). In this case, when a call has not been registered in the hall call registration device 14 and the car call registration device 31 and a state in which no load is detected by the load detection device 34 has elapsed for a certain period of time, the elevator control device 19 causes the car 11 to Is determined to be stopped in a standby state.

  When the car 11 is stopped in the standby state (YES in Step A11), the elevator control device 19 forcibly moves the car 11 to the power supply floor (Step A12). As shown in FIG. 1, a power supply device 22 is installed on the power supply floor (1F in the example of FIG. 1). When the car 11 comes to the power feeding floor, non-contact power feeding is performed between the power feeding device 22 and the power receiving device 23.

  At that time, power is supplied from the power supply device 22 until the required charge amount Tc for a certain travel distance is satisfied. Specifically, a power value necessary for reciprocating the car 11 from the lowermost floor to the uppermost floor a predetermined number of times (for example, 30 times) is measured in advance, and charging is performed using the electric power value as a determination value for completion of charging. It is assumed that power is supplied up to the amount Tc.

  Here, even if a call is generated from the hall call registration device 14 or the car call registration device 31 during charging (YES in step A13), if the battery 24 does not satisfy the charge amount Tc (NO in step A14), The elevator control device 19 continues charging without responding to the call (step A15). This is because if a call is answered in a state where the amount of charge is small, there is a high possibility that the operation will be interrupted immediately due to a shortage of batteries when another call occurs.

  It is assumed that a call generated during charging is invalidated or held until charging is completed. When charging up to the charging amount Tc is completed (YES in step A14), the elevator control device 19 returns to normal operation and moves the car 11 in response to a newly generated call or a call on hold ( Step A16).

  In this case, since normal operation is resumed after a certain amount of charge is satisfied, the battery will not be cut off during operation. However, when call registration is not interrupted or when load detection continues (NO in step A11), there is no time to forcibly move the car 11 to the power supply floor and charge it. There is a high possibility of being cut.

  Therefore, when the charge amount of the battery 24 becomes a certain amount or less during normal operation (step A17), the elevator control device 19 controls the drive of the car door 36 when the car 11 responds to the power supply floor. Then, the power supply time during that time is made longer than usual (step A18). Specifically, the opening / closing speed of the car door 36 is made slower than normal (for example, changed to a half speed of normal time) when the power supply floor responds, or the door opening time of the car door 36 is made longer than usual ( For example, change to twice the normal time). Thereby, power supply time becomes long, and the electric power of the battery 24 can be ensured in the meantime.

  As described above, when the car 11 is in a standby state, the battery 24 is frequently forcedly moved to the power supply floor to supply power, thereby preventing the battery 24 from being charged and continuing the operation. Moreover, when the charge amount of the battery 24 decreases during normal operation, the power of the battery 24 can be secured by extending the power supply time.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment will be described.

  The basic configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment. However, in addition to the function described in the first embodiment, the operation control unit 19c provided in the elevator control device 19 performs an operation operation when the charge amount of the battery 24 falls below a certain amount during normal operation. It has a function to limit power consumption and reduce power consumption.

Hereinafter, only parts that are different in terms of processing will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the contactless power feeding system for an elevator according to the second embodiment.

  In the first embodiment, when the charge amount of the battery 24 becomes a predetermined amount or less during normal operation, the stop time when the car 11 responds to the power supply floor is longer than normal so that the stop time becomes longer than normal. The driving was controlled (see Steps A16 to A18 in FIG. 3).

  On the other hand, in the second embodiment, the power consumption during normal operation is suppressed by limiting the operation operation. That is, the elevator has a special operation operation added in accordance with a customer's request in addition to a normal call response operation. One of them is the “forced stop function”. This is a function that, in a hotel or the like, by setting the lobby floor as a forced stop floor, the elevator (car 11) is temporarily stopped on the lobby floor regardless of whether there is a call, and the door is opened and closed. If this function is used, the number of times the elevator is started and stopped increases, resulting in increased power consumption.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, in a state where the remaining charge amount is less than a certain amount during normal operation, the elevator control device 19 restricts the special operation operation as described above to suppress the power consumption (step) A19).

  Specifically, for example, when the first floor and the fifth floor are set as the forced stop floors, only the first floor is stopped when the battery power is low. Alternatively, the forced stop function itself may be prohibited, and the setting as the forced stop floor may be canceled for both the first and fifth floors.

  Such a restriction on the operation is realized by changing the setting contents of the option table 37 as shown in FIG. 5 to “partial” or “cancel”. The operation control unit 19c of the elevator control device 19 restricts the operation of the corresponding function by referring to the option table 37 when the charge amount of the battery 24 is equal to or less than a predetermined amount during normal operation.

  Thus, when the charge amount of the battery 24 is reduced during normal operation, it is possible to prevent the battery from running out during operation by limiting the operation operation and suppressing power consumption.

(Third embodiment)
Next, a third embodiment will be described.

  In the third embodiment, in addition to the configuration of the first embodiment, the charging mode is switched according to the time zone.

  FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration relating to switching of the charging mode of the elevator control device 19 used in the elevator monitoring non-contact power feeding system according to the third embodiment.

  The elevator control device 19 is provided with a storage device 41, which is stored in the charging mode table 42. In the charging mode table 42, the relationship between the time zone and the charging mode is set.

  FIG. 7 shows a setting example of the charging mode table 42. In this example, the quick charge mode M2 is set in the time zone “9:00 to 18:00”, and the normal charge mode M1 is set in the time zone “18:00 to 9:00”. In the present embodiment, the power supply control unit 19 b of the elevator control device 19 has a function of switching the charging mode with reference to the charging mode table 42.

  Here, the normal charging mode M1 is a mode in which the battery 24 is charged in a normal time. The quick charge mode M2 is a mode in which the battery 24 is charged in a shorter time than the normal charge mode M1 by flowing a large amount of current during charging.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the normal charging mode M1 and the rapid charging mode M2, in which the horizontal axis represents the charging time (min) and the vertical axis represents the charging amount (%).

  Comparing the charging time until the amount of charge of the battery 24 reaches 100%, for example, the normal charging mode M1 is about 60 minutes and the quick charging mode M2 is about 30 minutes. This difference in charging time depends on the amount of current supplied to the battery.

  That is, in the quick charge mode M2, charging is performed in a short time by flowing a large current. In contrast, the normal charging mode M1 has a lower current value than the quick charging mode M2, and therefore the charging time is slower than M2. However, in the quick charge mode M2, since the battery 24 is charged in a short time by flowing a large current, there is a disadvantage that the load of the battery 24 is large and the life is shortened.

  In addition, a remote monitoring device 44 is connected to the elevator control device 19 via a communication network 43. The remote monitoring device 44 is installed in a remote monitoring center, and centrally manages the operating states of a plurality of elevators scattered in various places. Further, an elevator management device 46 is connected to the elevator control device 19 via a transmission cable 45, and a maintenance dedicated device 48 is connected via a transmission cable 47. The elevator management device 46 is installed in a building management room or the like, and monitors the state of the elevator installed in the building. The maintenance-dedicated device 48 is a terminal device used by an elevator maintenance worker for maintenance inspection.

  In such a configuration, as described in the first embodiment, the elevator control device 19 moves to the power supply floor and charges the battery 24 when the car 11 is in a standby state (step of FIG. 3). A11-A12 reference).

  Here, when the charging of the battery 24 is started, the operation is not resumed until the amount of charge necessary for a certain travel distance is satisfied (see steps A13 to A15 in FIG. 3). However, generally, there is a problem that battery deterioration is accelerated when the battery 24 is charged in the quick charge mode M2. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9, charging is performed in the quick charge mode M2 only during a time period in which the elevator is frequently used, and the normal charging mode M1 is switched in other time periods.

  FIG. 9 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the contactless power feeding system for an elevator according to the third embodiment.

  When the elevator controller 19 moves the car 11 to the power supply floor and starts charging the battery 24 (YES in Step B11), the elevator controller 19 determines whether or not it is a time zone in which the elevator is frequently used (Step S11). B12). If it is a time zone where the use frequency of the elevator is high (YES in Step B12), the elevator control device 19 switches to the quick charge mode M2 and charges the battery 24 (Step B13). On the other hand, if it is outside the above time zone (NO in step B12), the elevator control device 19 switches to the normal charging mode M1 and charges the battery 24 (step B14).

  Here, switching of the charging mode with respect to the time zone is performed with reference to the charging mode table 42. That is, as shown in FIG. 7, the charging mode table 42 is set in advance with a frequently used time zone (9:00 to 18:00) and other time zones (18: 0 to 9:00). In addition, a charging mode corresponding to each time zone is set. The elevator control device 19 refers to the charging mode table 42 and switches to the normal charging mode M1 or the quick charging mode M2 to charge the battery 24.

  The setting contents (time zone and charging mode) of the charging mode table 42 can be arbitrarily changed through the remote monitoring device 44, the elevator management device 46, and the maintenance dedicated device 48 shown in FIG.

  In this way, by switching the charging mode according to the time zone, the battery 24 is always charged quickly by switching to the quick charging mode M2 in the time zone where the elevator is frequently used such as during the daytime. The operation can be performed while securing the electric power. On the other hand, deterioration of the battery 24 can be prevented by switching to the normal charging mode M1 in a time zone where the use frequency of the elevator is low, such as at night.

  In the third embodiment, the case where the normal charging mode M1 and the quick charging mode M2 are switched has been described. However, a plurality of charging modes are prepared and switched appropriately according to the time zone. May be.

(Fourth embodiment)
Next, a fourth embodiment will be described.

  The fourth embodiment is configured to notify the user when charging is performed on the power supply floor or when the off-velocity operation is restricted.

  Since the basic configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, only the portions that are different in terms of processing will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 10 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the contactless power feeding system for an elevator according to the fourth embodiment.

  As described in the first embodiment, when it is determined that there is no elevator user (YES in step A11), the elevator control device 19 moves the car 11 to the power supply floor and supplies power (step A12). ). At this time, even if a call is generated (YES in step A13), charging is continued until the battery 24 satisfies a certain charge amount (NO in step A14) (step A15).

  Here, since the charging is continued without answering the call registered by the user, the user may be mistaken for a failure. Therefore, when there is a call during charging, the elevator control device 19 notifies the user that charging is in progress (step A20). Note that the notification method may be display, audio, or both.

  FIG. 11 shows an example of notifying the user at the landing that charging is in progress. Assume that the user registers a hall call by operating the hall call registration device 14 installed on an arbitrary floor when the car 11 is charging on the power supply floor. In such a case, for example, a message such as “The elevator cannot be used because it is being charged” is displayed on the display unit 16 of the hall call registration device 14 on the floor. A voice device may be installed near the hall call registration device 14 and the message may be output by voice.

  Further, when the remaining charge of the battery 24 becomes a certain amount or less during normal operation (YES in steps A16 and A17), the elevator control device 19 stops the stop time when the car 11 responds to the power supply floor. The driving of the car door 36 is controlled so as to be longer than usual (step A18). Thereby, power consumption during normal operation can be suppressed.

  Even in such a case, the car door 36 moves differently from the normal one, so that there is a possibility that the user mistakes it for failure. Therefore, the elevator control device 19 notifies the user that some operations are restricted (step A20). Note that the notification method may be display, audio, or both.

  FIG. 12 shows an example of notifying a user in the car that some operations are restricted. It is assumed that the remaining charge of the battery 24 drops below a certain amount during normal operation and restricts the operation of the car door 36. In such a case, for example, a message such as “The remaining charge is very small. Some operations are restricted” is displayed on the display device 33 installed in the car 11. Note that the message may be output by voice through the announcement device 35 shown in FIG.

  The same applies to the case where the special operation operation described in the second embodiment is restricted (see step A19 in FIG. 4), and the notification as shown in FIG. 12 is performed.

  In this way, by notifying the user when charging is performed on the power supply floor or when the operation operation is restricted, the power of the battery 24 can be secured without misleading the user. Normal operation can be continued.

  According to at least one embodiment described above, it is possible to provide a contactless power supply system for an elevator that can prevent interruption of operation due to the battery being out of charge.

  In addition, although some embodiment of this invention was described, these embodiment is shown as an example and is not intending limiting the range of invention. These novel embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalents thereof.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Car, 12 ... Hoisting machine, 13 ... Rope, 14 ... Landing call registration apparatus, 15 ... Operation part, 16 ... Display part, 17 ... Transmission cable, 18 ... Transmission cable, 19 ... Elevator control apparatus, 19a ... State detection unit, 19b ... Power supply control unit, 19c ... Operation control unit, 20 ... Power supply device, 21 ... Power line, 22 ... Power supply device, 23 ... Power reception device, 24 ... Battery, 31 ... Cage call registration device, 32 ... Operation unit 33 ... Display device, 34 ... Load detection device, 35 ... Announcement device, 36 ... Car door, 37 ... Option table, 41 ... Storage device, 42 ... Charging mode table, 43 ... Communication network, 44 ... Remote monitoring device, 45 Transmission cable 46 Elevator management device 47 Transmission cable 48 Maintenance dedicated device

Claims (9)

In the contactless power feeding system for an elevator that has a battery in the car and charges the battery by feeding power to the car in a contactless manner on the power feeding floor where the power feeding device is installed.
State detecting means for detecting a state in which the car is not registered and is unattended and stopped as a standby state;
When the standby state is detected by the state detection means, power supply control means for supplying power by moving the car to the power supply floor,
When a new call is generated during power supply by the power supply control means, the car is stopped at the power supply floor until the battery satisfies a predetermined charge amount, and the battery An elevator non-contact power supply system comprising: an operation control unit configured to return to normal operation when the above charge amount is satisfied. The operation control means includes
If the battery charge drops below a certain level during normal operation, the car door drive is controlled when the car responds to the power feed floor, and the power feed time is lengthened during that time. The non-contact electric power feeding system of the elevator of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned. The operation control means includes
The contactless power feeding system for an elevator according to claim 2, wherein the opening / closing speed of the door of the car is set slower than usual. The operation control means includes
The contactless power feeding system for an elevator according to claim 2, wherein the door opening time of the car door is set longer than usual. The operation control means includes
The non-contact of an elevator according to claim 1, wherein when the charge amount of the battery decreases to a predetermined amount or less during normal operation, the operation operation set in advance is limited to suppress power consumption. Power supply system. The power supply control means includes:
At least a first charging mode that completes a charging operation in a first time and a second charging mode that completes a charging operation in a second time shorter than the first time, and a preset time The contactless power feeding system for an elevator according to claim 1, wherein the battery is charged by switching to the first charging mode or the second charging mode according to a band.   2. The contactless power feeding system for an elevator according to claim 1, further comprising notification means for notifying a user when the battery is charged by the power feeding control means.   The elevator according to claim 1, further comprising notification means for notifying a user when the driving control means controls driving of the car door during normal operation. Contactless power supply system.   6. The contactless power feeding system for an elevator according to claim 5, further comprising notification means for notifying a user when the operation operation is restricted during normal operation by the operation control means. .

Images