JP2012519263A - 高圧および高温にて燃料を燃焼させるための装置および方法、および関連するシステムおよび機器 - Google Patents
高圧および高温にて燃料を燃焼させるための装置および方法、および関連するシステムおよび機器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012519263A JP2012519263A JP2011552191A JP2011552191A JP2012519263A JP 2012519263 A JP2012519263 A JP 2012519263A JP 2011552191 A JP2011552191 A JP 2011552191A JP 2011552191 A JP2011552191 A JP 2011552191A JP 2012519263 A JP2012519263 A JP 2012519263A
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- combustion
- combustion chamber
- fuel
- divergent
- carbonaceous fuel
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- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
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Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
開示の分野
本開示は、過剰の酸素で酸化されるか、あるいは還元成分を含有しかつ0の酸素含量を有するかの何れかである燃焼生成物を生成するための、高圧および高温における酸素での炭素質燃料の燃焼のための装置および方法を対象とする。1つの特定の用途は、燃料の高効率の燃焼を通じて発生されるエネルギーを伝達するための作動流体の使用を通じる、電気等のエネルギーの発生のためであることになるだろう。具体的には、このような装置および方法は、二酸化炭素または蒸気を作動流体として用いることができる。別の態様では、その装置および方法を、水素および/または一酸化炭素を含有する気体を発生させるために用いることができる。
化石燃料が次の100年にわたり世界の電力要求の大部分を提供し続けることになる一方で、非炭素電源が開発および展開されることが推測されている。化石燃料および/または適切な生物塊の燃焼を通じる動力発生の既知の方法は、しかしながら、上昇するエネルギー費用および二酸化炭素(CO2)および他の排出物の増加する生成により悩まされている。地球温暖化は、先進国および発展途上国による増加した炭素排出の潜在的に破滅的な結果としてますます見られる。太陽力および風力は、近い時期に化石燃料燃焼に取って代わることができるようには見えず、原子力は、拡散および核廃棄物処理の両方に関連する危険を有する。
上記または他の必要性は、1つの特定の態様によれば、富化酸素および作動流体と炭素質燃料を混合し、燃料混合物を形成するように構成される混合配列を含む燃焼器装置を提供する、本開示の態様により対処される。燃焼室は発散部材により少なくとも部分的に画定され、そこで、発散部材は圧力閉じ込め部材により少なくとも部分的に包囲される。燃焼室は入口部分および対向する出口部分を有し、そこで、燃焼室の入口部分は、燃料混合物を燃焼室内で燃焼温度にて燃焼させるために燃料混合物を受容し、燃焼生成物を形成するように構成される。燃焼室は、燃焼生成物を出口部分に指向するようにさらに構成される。発散部材は、燃焼生成物および発散部材の間における相互作用を緩衝するために、それを通じて燃焼室に向かって発散物質を指向するように構成される。加えて、発散物質を燃焼室に導入し、燃焼生成物の所望の出口温度を実現することができる。
本開示を一般用語で記載しているものの、必ずしも縮尺通りに描かれていない添付図面に今や参照が行われることになる。
本開示は今や、その中に本開示のいくつかだが全てではない態様が示されている添付図面を参照して、下文により完全に記載されることになる。実に、本開示を多くの異なる形態で具現することができ、本明細書で明示されている態様に限定されるものとして解釈するべきでなく、寧ろ、本開示が当てはまる法的要件を満たすことになるように、こうした態様が提供される。同様の番号は、全体にわたり同様の要素を指す。
燃焼圧力:350atm
燃料投入量:862MW
燃料流量:17.2kg/秒
酸素流量:69.5kg/秒
Claims (58)
- 燃焼器装置であって、
富化酸素および作動流体と炭素質燃料を混合し、燃料混合物を形成するように構成される混合配列、および、
発散部材により少なくとも部分的に画定される燃焼室であって、前記発散部材は、圧力閉じ込め部材によりさらに少なくとも部分的に包囲され、前記燃焼室は、入口部分および対向する出口部分を有し、前記燃焼室の前記入口部分は、前記燃料混合物を燃焼温度にて前記燃焼室内で燃焼させるために前記燃料混合物を受容し、燃焼生成物を形成するように構成され、前記燃焼室は、前記燃焼生成物を前記出口部分に向かって指向するようにさらに構成され、前記発散部材は、前記燃焼生成物および前記発散部材の間における相互作用を緩衝するために、それを通じて前記燃焼室に向かって発散物質を指向するように構成される、燃焼室、
を備える、装置。 - 前記混合配列が、前記富化酸素および前記作動流体と、固体炭素質燃料、液体炭素質燃料、および気体炭素質燃料のうち1つを混合するようにさらに構成される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記作動流体が、二酸化炭素および水のうち1つを含む、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記富化酸素が、約85%より大きいモル純度を有する酸素を含む、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記炭素質燃料が粒子状固体であり、前記混合配列が粒子状固体炭素質燃料を流動化物質と混合するようにさらに構成される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記粒子状固体炭素質燃料が、約50ミクロンおよび約200ミクロンの間の平均粒径を有する、請求項5に記載の装置。
- 前記流動化物質が、約450kg/m3および約1,100kg/m3の間の密度を有する水および液体CO2のうち1つを含み、前記流動化物質は、前記粒子状固体炭素質燃料と協働し、前記粒子状固体炭素質燃料の約25重量%および約55重量%の間を有する泥漿を形成する、請求項5に記載の装置。
- 前記燃焼室が、約40バールおよび約500バールの間の圧力にて、その前記入口部分内に前記燃料混合物を受容するようにさらに構成される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記発散物質が、約500℃および約2,000℃の間の温度にて、前記燃焼室の前記出口部分の周りにある前記発散物質および前記燃焼生成物の脱出混合物を調整するように、前記発散部材を介して前記燃焼室に導入されるように構成される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記燃焼温度が、前記炭素質燃料中の任意の不燃性要素が前記燃焼生成物中で液化されるように構成される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記発散物質が、前記発散物質が前記燃焼室内で前記発散部材に隣接して直ちに緩衝層を形成するように、前記発散部材を通じて指向される二酸化炭素を含み、前記緩衝層は、前記発散部材および液化不燃性要素および前記燃焼生成物と関連する熱の間における相互作用を緩衝するように構成される、請求項10に記載の装置。
- 前記燃焼温度が、約1,300℃および約3,500℃の間にある、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記圧力閉じ込め部材と関連し、かつその温度を制御するように構成される熱除去機器をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記熱除去機器が、その中で循環される液体を有する熱伝達ジャケットを備える、請求項13に記載の装置。
- 燃焼方法であって、
混合配列を用いて富化酸素および作動流体と炭素質燃料を混合し、燃料混合物を形成すること、
発散部材により画定される燃焼室の入口部分内に前記燃料混合物を受容することであって、前記発散部材は、圧力閉じ込め部材によりさらに少なくとも部分的に包囲されること、
燃焼温度にて前記燃焼室内で前記燃料混合物を燃焼させ、燃焼生成物を形成すること、
前記燃焼室の出口部分に向かって前記燃焼生成物を指向すること、および、
発散物質が前記燃焼生成物および前記発散部材の間における相互作用を緩衝するように、前記発散部材を通じて前記燃焼室に向かって前記発散物質を指向すること、
を含む、方法。 - 富化酸素および作動流体と炭素質燃料を混合することが、前記富化酸素および前記作動流体と、固体炭素質燃料、液体炭素質燃料、および気体炭素質燃料のうち1つを混合することをさらに含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 富化酸素および作動流体と炭素質燃料を混合することが、前記富化酸素、および二酸化炭素および水のうち1つを含む作動流体と、炭素質燃料を混合することをさらに含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 富化酸素および作動流体と炭素質燃料を混合することが、約85%より大きいモル純度を有する富化酸素、および前記作動流体と、炭素質燃料を混合することをさらに含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記炭素質燃料が粒子状固体であり、前記方法は、前記混合配列を介して粒子状固体炭素質燃料を流動化物質と混合することをさらに含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 粒子状固体炭素質燃料を流動化物質と混合することが、約50ミクロンおよび約200ミクロンの間の平均粒径を有する粒子状固体炭素質燃料を、前記流動化物質と混合することをさらに含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 粒子状固体炭素質燃料を流動化物質と混合することが、前記粒子状固体炭素質燃料を、約450kg/m3および約1,100kg/m3の間の密度を有する水および液体CO2のうち1つを含む流動化物質と混合し、前記粒子状固体炭素質燃料の約25重量%および約55重量%の間を有する泥漿を形成することをさらに含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記燃料混合物を受容することが、約40バールおよび約500バールの間の圧力にて、前記燃焼室の前記入口部分内に前記燃料混合物を受容することをさらに含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記発散物質を指向することが、前記発散部材を介して前記燃焼室に導入される発散が、約500℃および約2,000℃の間の温度にて、前記燃焼室の前記出口部分の周りにある前記発散物質および前記燃焼生成物の脱出混合物を調整するように、前記発散部材を通じて前記燃焼室に向かって前記発散物質を指向することをさらに含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 燃焼温度にて前記燃焼室内で前記燃料混合物を燃焼させることが、前記炭素質燃料中の任意の不燃性要素が前記燃焼生成物中で液化されるように構成される燃焼温度にて、前記燃焼室内で前記燃料混合物を燃焼させることをさらに含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記発散部材を通じて発散物質を指向することが、前記発散物質が前記燃焼室内で前記発散部材に隣接して直ちに緩衝層を形成するように、前記発散部材を通じて二酸化炭素を含む発散物質を指向することをさらに含み、前記緩衝層は、前記発散部材および液化不燃性要素および前記燃焼生成物と関連する熱の間における相互作用を緩衝するように構成される、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 燃焼温度にて前記燃焼室内で前記燃料混合物を燃焼させることが、約1,300℃および約3,500℃の間の燃焼温度にて、前記燃焼室内で前記燃料混合物を燃焼させることをさらに含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- それと関連する熱除去機器を有する前記圧力閉じ込め部材の温度を制御することをさらに含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記圧力閉じ込め部材の温度を制御することが、前記圧力閉じ込め部材と関連する熱伝達ジャケットを備え、かつその中で循環される液体を有する熱除去機器を有する前記圧力閉じ込め部材の温度を制御することを含む、請求項27に記載の方法。
- エネルギー発生システムであって、
富化酸素および作動流体と炭素質燃料を混合し、燃料混合物を形成するように構成される混合配列、および、
発散部材により少なくとも部分的に画定される燃焼室であって、前記発散部材は、圧力閉じ込め部材によりさらに少なくとも部分的に包囲され、前記燃焼室は、入口部分および対向する出口部分を有し、前記燃焼室の前記入口部分は、前記燃料混合物を燃焼温度にて前記燃焼室内で燃焼させるために前記燃料混合物を受容し、燃焼生成物を形成するように構成され、前記燃焼室は、前記燃焼生成物を前記出口部分に向かって指向するようにさらに構成され、前記発散部材は、前記燃焼生成物および前記発散部材の間における相互作用を緩衝するために、それを通じて前記燃焼室に向かって発散物質を指向するように構成される、燃焼室、
を備える燃焼器装置、および、
前記燃焼生成物を受容するように構成される変換装置であって、前記変換装置は、前記燃焼生成物に応答し、それと関連するエネルギーを運動エネルギーに変換する、変換装置、
を備える、システム。 - 前記混合配列が、前記富化酸素および前記作動流体と、固体炭素質燃料、液体炭素質燃料、および気体炭素質燃料のうち1つを混合するようにさらに構成される、請求項29に記載のシステム。
- 前記作動流体が、二酸化炭素および水のうち1つを含む、請求項29に記載のシステム。
- 前記富化酸素が、約85%より大きいモル純度を有する酸素を含む、請求項29に記載のシステム。
- 前記炭素質燃料が、約50ミクロンおよび約200ミクロンの間の平均粒径を有する粒子状固体であり、前記混合配列が、約450kg/m3および約1,100kg/m3の間の密度を有する水および液体CO2のうち1つを含む流動化物質と粒子状固体炭素質燃料を混合するようにさらに構成され、前記流動化物質は、前記粒子状固体炭素質燃料と協働し、前記粒子状固体炭素質燃料の約25重量%および約55重量%の間を有する泥漿を形成する、請求項29に記載のシステム。
- 前記燃焼室が、約40バールおよび約500バールの間の圧力にて、その前記入口部分内に前記燃料混合物を受容するようにさらに構成される、請求項29に記載のシステム。
- 前記発散物質が、約500℃および約2,000℃の間の温度にて、前記燃焼室の前記出口部分の周りにある前記発散物質および前記燃焼生成物の脱出混合物を調整するように、前記発散部材を介して前記燃焼室に導入されるように構成される、請求項29に記載のシステム。
- 前記燃焼温度が、前記炭素質燃料中の任意の不燃性要素が前記燃焼生成物中で液化されるように構成される、請求項29に記載のシステム。
- 前記燃焼温度が、約1,300℃および約3,500℃の間にある、請求項29に記載のシステム。
- 前記炭素質燃料が固体であり、前記システムが、前記燃焼器装置および前記変換装置の間に配置される分離器装置を備え、前記分離器装置は、前記燃焼生成物が前記変換装置に指向されるより前に、それにより受容される前記燃焼生成物から液化不燃性要素を実質的に除去するように構成される、請求項29に記載のシステム。
- 前記発散物質が、前記不燃性要素の液化温度より上にて前記分離器装置に進入する前記発散物質および前記燃焼生成物の混合物を調整するように、前記発散部材を介して前記燃焼室に導入されるように構成される、請求項38に記載のシステム。
- 前記分離器装置に次いで配列され、かつ、約500℃および約2,000℃の間の温度にて前記変換装置に進入する前記発散物質および前記燃焼生成物の混合物を調整するように、それから実質的に除去された前記液化不燃性要素を有する前記燃焼生成物に前記発散物質を運搬するように構成される発散物質運搬機器をさらに備える、請求項39に記載のシステム。
- 前記分離器装置は、複数の直列に配列される遠心分離器機器をさらに備え、各遠心分離器機器は、並列に動作可能に配列される複数の遠心分離器要素を有する、請求項38に記載のシステム。
- 前記分離器装置により前記燃焼生成物から除去された前記液化不燃性要素が、前記分離器装置と関連する排液溜め内に除去可能に収集される、請求項38に記載のシステム。
- 前記分離器装置が、前記圧力閉じ込め部材により格納される、および圧力閉じ込め筐体により画定される、のうち1つであるように構成される、請求項38に記載のシステム。
- 前記分離器装置が、それから熱を除去するように、前記圧力閉じ込め部材および前記圧力閉じ込め筐体のうち1つと動作可能に係合される熱分散システムをさらに備える、請求項43に記載のシステム。
- 前記熱分散システムが、その中で循環される液体を有する熱伝達ジャケットを備える、請求項44に記載のシステム。
- 前記燃焼生成物およびそれと関連する前記液化不燃性要素のうち1つに曝される前記分離器装置の表面が、高温耐性、高腐食耐性、および低熱伝導性のうち少なくとも1つを有するように構成される材料から成る、請求項38に記載のシステム。
- 前記発散物質が、前記発散物質が前記燃焼室内で前記発散部材に隣接して直ちに緩衝層を形成するように、前記発散部材を通じて指向される二酸化炭素を含み、前記緩衝層は、前記発散部材および液化不燃性要素および前記燃焼生成物と関連する熱の間における相互作用を緩衝するように構成される、請求項29に記載のシステム。
- 前記燃焼器装置が、前記圧力閉じ込め部材と関連し、かつその温度を制御するように構成される熱除去機器をさらに備え、前記熱除去機器は、その中で循環される液体を有する熱伝達ジャケットを備える、請求項29に記載のシステム。
- 前記燃焼器装置が、前記燃焼生成物が約500ppmより大きいO2および約50ppm未満のCOを含むように構成される、請求項29に記載のシステム。
- 前記燃焼器装置が、前記燃焼生成物が約1%より大きい合同濃度でのH2およびCO、および約10ppm未満のO2を含むように構成される、請求項29に記載のシステム。
- 前記変換装置がタービン機器を備え、前記タービン機器は、それと関連するエネルギーを運動エネルギーに変換するように前記燃焼生成物に応答する、請求項29に記載のシステム。
- 前記変換装置が、運動エネルギーを電気に変換するように構成される発生器機器をさらに備える、請求項29に記載のシステム。
- 固体炭素質燃料中における任意の不燃性要素が燃焼生成物中で液化されるように、前記固体炭素質燃料を燃焼させて前記燃焼生成物を形成するように構成される燃焼器装置と実装されるのに適合した分離器装置であって、前記分離器装置は、
前記燃焼生成物およびそれと関連する液化不燃性要素を受容するように構成される入口遠心分離器機器、および、それから実質的に除去される前記液化不燃性要素を有する前記燃焼生成物を排出するように構成される出口遠心分離器機器を含む、複数の直列に配列される遠心分離器機器であって、各遠心分離器機器は、並列に動作可能に配列される複数の遠心分離器要素を有し、各遠心分離要素は、前記燃焼生成物から前記液化不燃性要素の少なくとも一部を除去し、かつ、前記液化不燃性要素の前記少なくとも一部を排液溜めに指向するように構成される、遠心分離器機器、および、
前記遠心分離器機器および前記排液溜めを格納するように構成される圧力閉じ込め筐体、
を備える、分離器装置。 - それから熱を除去するように、前記圧力閉じ込め部材と動作可能に係合される熱分散システムをさらに備える、請求項53に記載の分離器装置。
- 前記熱分散システムが、その中で循環される液体を有する熱伝達ジャケットを備える、請求項54に記載の分離器装置。
- 前記熱伝達ジャケットと動作可能に係合される熱回収機器をさらに備え、前記熱回収機器は、前記熱伝達ジャケット内で循環される前記液体を受容し、かつ前記液体から熱エネルギーを回収するように構成される、請求項55に記載の分離器装置。
- 前記燃焼生成物およびそれと関連する前記液化不燃性要素のうち1つに曝される前記分離器装置の表面が、高温耐性、高腐食耐性、および低熱伝導性のうち少なくとも1つを有するように構成される材料から成る、請求項53に記載の分離器装置。
- 前記分離器装置が、前記燃焼生成物から前記液化不燃性要素を実質的に除去し、かつ、少なくとも前記排液溜めからのその除去まで、前記不燃性要素を低粘性の液体形態に維持するように構成される、請求項53に記載の分離器装置。
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JP2020097941A (ja) * | 2013-03-15 | 2020-06-25 | パルマー ラボ,エルエルシー | 二酸化炭素循環作動流体を用いる高効率発電システムおよび方法 |
JP7000152B2 (ja) | 2014-11-12 | 2022-01-19 | 8 リバーズ キャピタル,エルエルシー | 発電システム及び発電方法での使用に適した制御システム及び制御方法 |
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ZA201106431B (en) | 2017-11-29 |
US11674436B2 (en) | 2023-06-13 |
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AU2010217812A1 (en) | 2011-10-20 |
JP5639602B2 (ja) | 2014-12-10 |
BRPI1008485A2 (pt) | 2016-03-15 |
BRPI1008485B1 (pt) | 2020-06-02 |
PL2411736T3 (pl) | 2019-11-29 |
CN102414511A (zh) | 2012-04-11 |
US8959887B2 (en) | 2015-02-24 |
WO2010099452A3 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
CA2753822A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
EP2411736A2 (en) | 2012-02-01 |
US20100300063A1 (en) | 2010-12-02 |
WO2010099452A2 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
EA024852B1 (ru) | 2016-10-31 |
EA201101224A1 (ru) | 2012-05-30 |
US9416728B2 (en) | 2016-08-16 |
KR101648054B1 (ko) | 2016-08-12 |
US10047671B2 (en) | 2018-08-14 |
CN102414511B (zh) | 2014-09-24 |
MX345743B (es) | 2017-02-14 |
US20140053529A1 (en) | 2014-02-27 |
EP2411736B1 (en) | 2019-06-05 |
US20230265791A1 (en) | 2023-08-24 |
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