JP2012512024A - イオン交換デバイス及びそのイオン交換物質の再生方法 - Google Patents
イオン交換デバイス及びそのイオン交換物質の再生方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 title claims description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004966 Carbon aerogel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- TVXNKQRAZONMHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M (4-ethenylphenyl)methyl-trimethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 TVXNKQRAZONMHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000536 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1,1,1-trifluorobutane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CCCBr DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WIYVVIUBKNTNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1CC(C(O)=O)=CC2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2 WIYVVIUBKNTNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 1
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
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- QPFYXYFORQJZEC-FOCLMDBBSA-N Phenazopyridine Chemical group NC1=NC(N)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=CC=CC=C1 QPFYXYFORQJZEC-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005619 boric acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Substances CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-O guanidinium Chemical compound NC(N)=[NH2+] ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001411 inorganic cation Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XFTALRAZSCGSKN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-ethenylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 XFTALRAZSCGSKN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid group Chemical group S(O)(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
- C02F1/4691—Capacitive deionisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J49/00—Regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchangers; Apparatus therefor
- B01J49/30—Electrical regeneration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46128—Bipolar electrodes
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
- C02F2001/46138—Electrodes comprising a substrate and a coating
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46152—Electrodes characterised by the shape or form
- C02F2001/46157—Perforated or foraminous electrodes
- C02F2001/46161—Porous electrodes
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/16—Regeneration of sorbents, filters
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- C02F2305/08—Nanoparticles or nanotubes
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
【選択図】 図1
Description
Claims (27)
- 導電性基板、及び該導電性基板と物理的に接触しているカチオン交換物質を含む複合カチオン交換部材、
導電性基板、及び該導電性基板と物理的に接触しているアニオン交換物質を含む複合アニオン交換部材、並びに
複合カチオン交換部材と複合アニオン交換部材との間のコンパートメントであり、供給流を導入するための入口、及び出力流が当該コンパートメントから出て行くための出口を含む、前記コンパートメント
を含んでなる電気化学セルと、
再生段階において前記複合カチオン交換部材上の導電性基板が電子を失い、かつ前記複合アニオン交換部材上の導電性基板が電子を獲得するように、前記複合カチオン交換部材及び前記複合アニオン交換部材に電流を送るように構成されたコントロールデバイスと
を含んでなる電気化学デバイス。 - コントロールデバイスが、脱イオン化段階において複合カチオン交換部材及び複合アニオン交換部材を放電させるように作動可能である、請求項1記載の電気化学デバイス。
- カチオン交換物質が弱酸性カチオン交換物質、強酸性カチオン交換物質又はこれらの組合せからなる、請求項1記載の電気化学デバイス。
- アニオン交換物質が弱塩基性アニオン交換物質、強塩基性アニオン交換物質又はこれらの組合せからなる、請求項1記載の電気化学デバイス。
- アニオン交換物質が、ポリアニリン、ポリピロール、ポリチオフェン、又はこれらの任意の組合せを含む導電性ポリマーからなる、請求項1記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 導電性基板が導電性基材及び導電性大表面積部分を含んでなる、請求項1記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 導電性基材がステンレス鋼、グラファイト、チタン、白金、イリジウム、ロジウム、導電性酸化物、導電性ポリマー、及び炭素複合材のいずれか又は任意の組合せからなる、請求項6記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 導電性大表面積部分が炭素、炭素ナノチューブ、グラファイト、炭素繊維、炭素布、炭素エーロゲル、活性炭、金属粉末、及び金属酸化物のいずれか又は任意の組合せからなる、請求項6記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 導電性大表面積部分が窒素吸着BET法で測定して100〜5000m2/gの表面積を有する、請求項6記載の電気化学デバイス。
- カチオン交換物質又はアニオン交換物質と導電性大表面積部分の接触界面が導電性大表面積部分の表面積の10%より大きい、請求項9記載の電気化学デバイス。
- カチオン交換物質又はアニオン交換物質と導電性大表面積部分の接触界面が導電性大表面積部分の表面積の40%より大きい、請求項9記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 導電性大表面積部分が複数の気孔を含んでおり、気孔の平均直径が1ナノメートルより大きい、請求項6記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 導電性基板が、ナノ−パターン化又はナノ−構造化された導電性物質からなり、大表面積部分を形成するために微細な突起を含んでいる、請求項1記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 複合カチオン交換部材及び複合アニオン交換部材に送られる電流が、複合カチオン交換部材と複合アニオン交換部材との間の電圧の差が再生段階において0〜10Vであるように制御される、請求項1記載の電気化学デバイス。
- さらに、電気化学セルを支持するためのケーシングを含む、請求項1記載の電気化学デバイス。
- さらに、各々がケーシング内にコンパートメントを画定する少なくとも2つの電気化学セルを含む、請求項15記載の電気化学デバイス。
- さらに、隣接する2つの電気化学セル間に少なくとも1つのスペーサーを含む、請求項16記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 脱イオン化される供給流を誘導するための少なくとも1つの入口、及び脱イオン化段階中に希薄流が出て行くための少なくとも1つの出口を含むケーシングと、
ケーシング内に並列に配置された複数の複合イオン交換部材であって、あらゆる隣接する2つの複合イオン交換部材間に複数のコンパートメントを画定しており、2つのコンパートメント間に少なくとも1つの二極性複合部材を含んでおり、該二極性部材が少なくとも1つの導電性基板、1つの面上のカチオン交換物質、及び他の面上のアニオン交換物質を含む、前記複数の複合イオン交換部材と、
再生段階において、二極性複合部材のカチオン交換面上の導電性基板が電子を失い、かつ二極性複合部材のアニオン交換面上の導電性基板が電子を獲得するように、電流を送るように構成されたコントロールデバイスと
を含んでなる電気化学アセンブリ。 - 二極性複合部材がカチオン交換物質とアニオン交換物質との間に導電性でイオン−不透過性のフィルムを含んでいる、請求項18記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 導電性でイオン−不透過性のフィルムがポリオレフィン及びグラファイトの複合フィルムからなる、請求項19記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 複数の複合イオン交換部材が、再生段階で電源の正の端子に接続される1つの複合カチオン交換部材、及び再生段階で電源の負の端子に接続される複合アニオン交換部材を含む、請求項18記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 二極性複合部材のアニオン交換物質が複合アニオン交換部材よりも複合カチオン交換部材に近接しており、二極性複合部材のカチオン交換物質が複合カチオン交換部材よりも複合アニオン交換部材に近接している、請求項21記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 正又は負に帯電しており、吸収された負又は正の化学種を有するイオン交換物質の再生方法であって、
イオン交換物質を大表面積導電性基板に接合し、
大表面積導電性基板に電流を流して、電子を大表面積導電性基板に、又は大表面積導電性基板から流れさせることで、吸収された化学種をイオン交換物質から溶液中に追い出す
ことを含んでなる、前記再生方法。 - イオン交換物質を大表面積導電性基板に接合することがイオン交換物質を導電性基板の大表面積部分に接合することからなり、大表面積部分が100〜5000m2/gの表面積を有する、請求項23記載の再生方法。
- イオン交換物質を導電性基板の大表面積部分に接合することがイオン交換物質を大表面積部分と接触させることからなり、イオン交換物質と大表面積部分の接触界面が大表面積部分の表面積の10%より大きい、請求項24記載の再生方法。
- 供給流をコンパートメント中に導入し、
溶解したカチオン又はアニオンをイオン交換物質上に吸収させ、
希薄流をコンパートメントから流出させる
ことを含む脱イオン化段階と、
イオン交換物質を導電性基板と物理的に接触させ、
電流を導電性基板に流し、導電性基板に電子を失わさせてイオン交換物質上に吸収されたアニオンを追い出すか、又は導電性基板に電子を獲得させてイオン交換物質上に吸収されたカチオンを追い出す
ことを含む再生段階と
を含んでなる電気化学プロセス。 - 脱イオン化段階及び再生段階を周期的かつ交互に繰り返す、請求項26記載の電気化学プロセス。
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CN104870372A (zh) * | 2012-12-24 | 2015-08-26 | 皇家飞利浦有限公司 | 离子吸收/解吸装置和其方法以及ph调节器 |
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WO2010077448A1 (en) | 2010-07-08 |
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EP2379455A1 (en) | 2011-10-26 |
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