JPH11505463A - 容量性脱イオンおよび電気化学的精製、並びに電極の再生のための方法および装置 - Google Patents
容量性脱イオンおよび電気化学的精製、並びに電極の再生のための方法および装置Info
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- JPH11505463A JPH11505463A JP8501007A JP50100796A JPH11505463A JP H11505463 A JPH11505463 A JP H11505463A JP 8501007 A JP8501007 A JP 8501007A JP 50100796 A JP50100796 A JP 50100796A JP H11505463 A JPH11505463 A JP H11505463A
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- cell
- electrodes
- electrode
- fluid
- carbon
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Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1.容量性脱イオン装置等に用いるための電気的に再生可能な電気化学セルであ って、 該セルの夫々の末端に一つ設けられた、二つの末端プレートと; 前記セルの夫々の末端に一つ、前記末端プレートに隣接して設けられた二つ の末端電極と; 一つの末端プレートとこれに隣接する一つの末端電極との間に挿入された絶 縁層と; 他方の末端プレートと前記末端電極の他の一つとの間に挿入された絶縁層と ; 前記二つの末端電極の間に配設された一以上の中間電極とを具備し、 夫々の末端電極および中間電極は、比表面積および吸着能の高い電気吸着媒 体を含んでいる電気化学セル。 2.流体を容量的に脱イオンするための電気化学セルであって、 少なくとも二つの電極であって、前記少なくとも二つの電極の一以上の表面 に形成された比表面積および吸着能の高い電気吸着媒体を含む電極を具備し、 前記少なくとも二つの電極の夫々は少なくとも一つの孔を含んでおり、 隣接する夫々の電極対は、前記少なくとも一つの孔を介して後続のチャンネ ルと流体的に連通してチャンネルを形成するために適合されており、流体を最小 限の抵抗でセルを通して流すことを可能にする電気化学セル。 3.容量的脱イオン装置等に使用するためのセルであって、 少なくとも二つの電極であって、その間のチャンネルを定義して害チャンネ ルを通して最小限の抵抗で流体を流すための、相互に離間され、且つ一般には相 互に平行に位置付けられた少なくとも二つの電極を具備し、 前記少なくとも二つの電極の夫々は、比表面積および吸着能の高い電気吸着 媒体のベッドで形成されているセル。 4.請求項3に記載のセルであって、 前記少なくとも二つの電極の一以上が、前記電気吸着媒体のベッドに対抗し て位置付けられた膜を含んでおり; 前記膜には、多孔性の導電性材料またはポリマーコーティングの何れか、ま たはその組み合わせが含まれているセル。 5.請求項3に記載のセルであって、 前記少なくとも二つの電極のうちの第一の電極が、前記電気吸着媒体のベッ ドに対抗して配置され且つ陽イオン交換樹脂で形成された膜を含み; 前記少なくとも二つの電極の内の第二の電極が、前記電気吸着媒体のベッド に対抗して配置され且つ陰イオン交換樹脂で形成された膜を含むせる。 6.電気化学セルであって、 隣接する電極の間に挿入された複数の多孔質セパレータによって分離された 複数の電極を具備し; 前記複数の電極の夫々は、比表面積および吸着能の高い電気吸着媒体を含ん でおり; 前記複数のセパレータの夫々は、二つの隣接する電極の間の流体チャンネル を定義しており; 前記複数の電極およびセパレータは、最小限の抵抗で前記チャンネルの中に 流体を流し、セルから出すことを可能にするために、一緒に螺旋状に巻かれてい るセル。 7.請求項1に記載の電気化学セルであって、セルを通過する流体に対して低圧 の経路を与えるために、前記一以上の中間電極の夫々が一以上の孔を含んでいる セル。 8.請求項7に記載の電気化学セルであって、 隣接する電極の夫々の対が、前記一以上の中間電極の少なくとも一つの孔を 介して後続のチャンネルと流体的に連通し、チャンネルを形成するために適合さ れており; 前記一以上の孔は整列されておらず、その中を通って流れる流体が、前記電 気吸着媒体を横切って流れるように配置されている電気化学セル。 9.容量性脱イオンセル等に使用するための電極であって、 楮言う支持部材と;前記支持部材の少なくとも一つの表面に形成された導電 性層と;前記導電性層に固定された、比表面積の大きな電気吸着媒体のシートと を具備し、 前記支持部材は、前記電極を通して流体を流すための少なくとも一つの孔を 含んでいる電極。 10.請求項9に記載の電極であって、前記構造支持部材は、少なくとも一部がチ タン、白金または他の金属で形成された導電性基板;または印刷回路基板材料、 エポキシ基板、またはガラスエポキシ基板の何れかで形成された誘電体基板の何 れかを含んでいる電極。 11.電極であって、第一の開口部を限定する部分的に中空な第一の周辺支持部材 と;前記第一の開口部に少なくとも部分的に嵌合された第一のカートリッジであ って、多孔性の導電性詰め替え部材と、前記詰め替え部材の少なくとも一つの表 面に固定された比表面積の大きい電気吸着媒体のシートとを含むカートリッジと を具備した電極。 12.請求項11に記載の電極であって、更に、第二の開口部を限定し、誘電体セ パレータによって前記第一の周辺市時部材から所定の距離だけ離れて保持される 部分的に中空な第二の周辺支持部材と;少なくとも部分的に前記第二の開口部に 嵌合した第一のカートリッジであって、多孔性の導電性詰め替え部材と、前記詰 め替え部材の少なくとも一つの表面に固定された比表面積の大きい電気吸着媒体 のシートとを含むカートリッジとを具備し、 前記第一および第二のカートリッジは、その間に、流体を最小の抵抗で流す ためのチャンネルを定義している電極。 13.ティーバッグ電極であって、閉じた誘電性で多孔性のバッグと;前記バッグ によってその中に束縛され、拘束された導電性粉末材料と;前記導電性材料に接 触して、前記バッグの内部に延出した導電体とを具備した電極。 14.一列の孔を含む多孔性の導電性スクリーンを具備した電極であって、前記孔 は、前記スクリーンの容量比表面積を最適化するために、フォトリソグラフィー によって形成される電極。 15.請求項9〜12の何れか1項に記載の電極であって、前記電気吸着媒体が、 炭素エアロゲル複合体;粒状炭素、炭素エアロゲル金属若しくはバックミンスタ ーフラーレンの所定量をパックしたもの;TiC、ZrC、VC、NbC、Ta C、UC、MoC、WC、MO2C、Cr3C2、Ta2Cから実質的に なる群から選択された、高温で安定で、化学的に耐性があり、高導電性で約10 μohm-cm〜2,000 μohm-cmの範囲の抵抗をもった炭化物または炭化物複合体;多 孔性のチタン、白金または他の金属の所定量をパックしたもの;金属スポンジま たは金属フォーム;レゾルシナール/ホルムアルデヒド炭素エアロゲル中に浸漬 した網状のガラス状炭素(RVC);または前記スクリーンの容量比表面積を最 適化するためにフォトリソグラフィーによって形成された一列の孔を含む多孔性 の導電性スクリーンの何れか、またはその組み合わせで本質的に構成されている 電極。 16.容量性脱イオン/再生装置等に用いるための電気化学セルであって、請求項 9から4の何れかに記載の少なくとも二つの電極を具備した電気化学セル。 17.容量性の脱イオン/再生システムであって、請求項1〜8の何れかに記載の 少なくとも二つの電気化学セルと;前記少なくとも二つのセルの運転を制御する ための電気回路と;連続的な脱イオンおよび再生運転を維持するために、前記電 気回路の制御の下で、前記少なくとも二つのセルを通る流体の流れを調節するた めの流体回路との組み合わせを具備したシステム。 18.容量性の脱イオン/再生システムであって、請求項16に記載の少なくとも 二つの電気化学セルと;前記少なくとも二つのセルの運転を制御するための電気 回路と;連続的な脱イオンおよび再生運転を維持するために、前記電気回路の制 御の下で、前記少なくとも二つのセルを通る流体の流れを調節するための流体回 路との組み合わせを具備したシステム。 19.流体を脱イオンするための静電気的方法であって、前記流体を請求項1から 8の何れか1項に記載のセルの中に通すことと;前記セルが飽和したときに脱イ オンステップを中断することと;該セルを静電気的に再生することとを具備した 方法。 20.容量性脱イオンシステムであって、アノードセルと;カソードセルと;前記 アノードセルおよびカソードセルの間を移動する導電体を含む移動電極との組み 合わせを具備したシステム。 21.陰イオンおよび陽イオンを含む様々な種を含有した流体を分析、処理および 加工するためのクロマトグラフであって、該クロマトグラフは少なくとも一つ の電気化学セルを具備しており;前記セルは、前記流体の中の陰イオンおよび陽 イオンを同時に引き抜いて保存するために分極される二つの電極を含んでおり; 前記電極の夫々は、高い比表面積および吸着能を有する電気吸着媒体で形成され ているクロマトグラフ。 22.流体の流れの中のイオン濃度を高めるための電気化学的増強器であって、そ の中を流れる流体の中の陰イオンおよび陽イオンを同時に引き抜いて保存するた めに分極される二つの電極を含むセルを具備し、前記電極のそれぞれは、高い比 表面積および吸着能を有する電気吸着媒体で形成されている電気化学的増強器。
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US08/246,692 | 1994-05-20 | ||
US08/246,692 US5425858A (en) | 1994-05-20 | 1994-05-20 | Method and apparatus for capacitive deionization, electrochemical purification, and regeneration of electrodes |
PCT/US1995/006553 WO1995032803A2 (en) | 1994-05-20 | 1995-05-19 | Method and apparatus for capacitive deionization and electrochemical purification and regeneration of electrodes |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0760805B1 (en) | 2008-01-02 |
ZA954133B (en) | 1996-01-19 |
EP0760805A4 (en) | 1998-12-02 |
IL113798A0 (en) | 1995-08-31 |
ATE382583T1 (de) | 2008-01-15 |
SA95160229B1 (ar) | 2005-11-30 |
MY113171A (en) | 2001-12-31 |
US5425858A (en) | 1995-06-20 |
EP0760805A1 (en) | 1997-03-12 |
WO1995032803A3 (en) | 1996-01-04 |
WO1995032803A2 (en) | 1995-12-07 |
JP2008178875A (ja) | 2008-08-07 |
AU3194495A (en) | 1995-12-21 |
DE69535677D1 (de) | 2008-02-14 |
IL113798A (en) | 1999-07-14 |
CA2190829A1 (en) | 1995-12-07 |
US5954937A (en) | 1999-09-21 |
JP4162709B2 (ja) | 2008-10-08 |
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