JP2012223109A - Method for artificially cultivating flammulina velutipes - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for artificially cultivating Flammulina Velutipes by which Flammulina Velutipes having an optional size and weight can be cultivated without separating strains of Flammulina velutipes and also in high efficiency.SOLUTION: The method for artificially cultivating Flammulina Velutipes comprises perpendicularly disposing cultivation bottles charged with culture media in each of containers, and includes a sterilization process, a spawn-inoculating process, a mycelial culture process, a mycelia-raking process, a germination process, a suppression process and a growth process. In the sterilization process and the spawn-inoculating process, the cultivation bottles are disposed in each of the containers in a matrix of 6×6. In the mycelial culture process, four cultivation bottles at the center part of the inside of each of the containers are taken out, and the containers are housed in a culturing chamber while piled up in a multilayered condition so that spaces where the bottles are taken out are communicated vertically, to culture the mycelia for a prescribed period of time. In the mycelia-raking process, the center part of the container is replenished with cultivation bottles after treated in the mycelial culture process by the number of the taken-out bottles. Thereafter, cultivation is performed while the cultivation bottles are disposed in each of the containers in a matrix of 6×6.

Description

  The present invention relates to an artificial cultivation method for enoki mushrooms in which cultivation bottles are housed in a dedicated container and artificially cultivated with enoki mushrooms (Flamulina velutipes (Fr.) Sing.).

  Regarding the artificial cultivation method of enoki mushrooms, for example, in JP-A-2005-73514, for the purpose of obtaining a good texture and umami, improving the sun retention, and dramatically increasing the content of vitamin D, The budding process is divided into a non-light budding process and a light budding process. A method for cultivating enoki mushrooms that cultivates fruit bodies by applying natural light to the fruiting body during the entire period from the sprouting process to the growing process is disclosed (Patent Document 1).

  In addition, JP 2005-46053 A provides a medium filled with mushroom cultivation cultivated enoki mushrooms with a suitable amount of water or a liquid containing nutrients necessary for the growth of enoki mushrooms at once. In order to do this, an injection tube is inserted into the medium filled in the mushroom cultivation bottle to generate a crack, and through that crack, water or a liquid containing nutrients effective for the growth of enoki mushroom is injected. Has been disclosed (Patent Document 2).

  Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-300067 discloses a method for cultivating enoki mushrooms without a stone attached, and is formed in a dish-like shape with an opening diameter at the neck of the cultivation bottle that is substantially the same diameter as the trunk of the cultivation bottle. Instead of extending the fruiting body long as in the past, using a cultivation bottle with a diameter brim and reducing the volume of the cultivation bottle to about 60% of the volume of the conventional cultivation bottle, A mushroom cultivation method and a cultivation bottle used therefor are disclosed in which a growing space is widened and harvested when a fruiting body grows like a stock from the bottle mouth to the entire inside of the collar part (Patent Document 3). .

JP 2005-73514 A JP 2005-46053 A JP 2000-300067 A

  Conventionally, artificial cultivation of enoki mushrooms has a wide-mouthed bottle shape and uses synthetic resin-made cultivation bottles, which are filled with culture media such as large sawdust, and each process of the sterilization process, inoculum inoculation process, hypha culture process, and growth process Are carried out under environmental conditions suitable for each, grown to a size suitable for shipping, and harvested.

  As shown in FIG. 13, this type of conventional artificial cultivation uses a culture bottle 100 having a diameter D2 of the neck 104 that is smaller than the diameter D1 of the trunk 102, and accommodates 12 to 16 bottles in one container. Then, it is passed through various steps up to the growth in the state as it is, grown into a strain of about 300 g to 350 g, and harvested.

  When shipping, it is rare to wrap each harvested sized stock one by one, and in many cases, the enoki mushroom stock is divided and packaged manually into a size according to the seller's request for consumption. Is provided to However, splitting and packaging the harvested enoki mushroom strains caused the damage of the mushrooms and reduced the shelf life. In addition, the fraction generated after splitting the enoki mushroom stock could not be shipped as a product, resulting in waste loss. In addition, the work of splitting enoki mushroom stocks cannot be automated, requiring a lot of work.

  However, the size and weight of a single strain of enoki mushroom is determined by the inner diameter of the opening of the culture bottle. Therefore, even if the culture medium and cultivation conditions are changed, enoki mushrooms with a size corresponding to the inner diameter of the opening of the culture bottle can be obtained. Therefore, as long as the enoki mushrooms are cultivated using a conventional wide-mouthed bottle, The process of splitting the straw stock is inevitable. Further, even if the inner diameter of the opening of the conventional wide-mouth bottle is reduced, the unit yield is reduced and the profit is not achieved.

  Then, this invention provides the cultivation method which can cultivate enoki mushrooms of arbitrary magnitude | sizes and weight, without dividing the strain of enoki mushrooms, and can cultivate enoki mushrooms in a high yield. With the goal.

  As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have artificially cultivated enoki mushrooms using culture bottles in which six culture bottles are arranged in one container and a total of 36 culture bottles. The knowledge that the problem was solved was acquired. The present invention has been made on the basis of such knowledge, and arranged cultivation bottles filled with culture medium upright in the container, sterilization process, inoculum inoculation process, hypha culture process, fungus scraping process, germination process, suppression process and It is an artificial cultivation method of enoki mushrooms having a growth process, and in the sterilization process and the inoculum inoculation process, the cultivation bottles are arranged in 6 × 6 in the container, and in the mycelia culture process, the central portion in the container Pull out four cultivation bins and store them in a culture room in a stacked state so that the extracted parts communicate with each other in a vertical direction and perform mycelium culture for a certain period. In the fungus scraping process, cultivation after the hypha culture process Providing a method for artificial cultivation of enoki mushrooms, where the bins are replenished by the number extracted in the center of the container, and then the cultivation bins are cultivated with 6 bottles arranged in the container. To do.

  According to the method for artificial cultivation of enoki mushrooms of the present invention, enoki mushrooms are artificially cultivated by using culture bottles in which six culture bottles are arranged in one container and a total of 36 culture bottles. Enoki mushrooms of any size and weight can be cultivated without dividing the strain, and enoki mushrooms can be cultivated in high yield.

It is process drawing of the artificial cultivation method of the enoki mushroom of this embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the cultivation bin 10 used in the artificial cultivation method of the enoki mushroom of this embodiment. It is a top view which shows the container 1 for the mushroom cultivation used for this embodiment in the state which accommodated the cultivation bottle 10. FIG. It is sectional drawing along the II line in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows other embodiment of FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the state at the time of a culture medium filling process. It is sectional drawing which shows the state at the time of a sterilization process. It is a top view after extracting the culture bottle at the time of mycelial culture. It is a fragmentary sectional view which shows the state at the time of a mycelium culture process. It is a figure which shows an example of the growth assistance cover 20 used in a paper winding process. It is an expanded view of the growth assistance cover 20 shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a side view showing a usage state of the growth assist cover 20. It is a figure which shows the cultivation bottle 100 used for the artificial cultivation of the conventional enoki mushroom.

  Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the cultivation bin 10 used in the method for artificial cultivation of enoki mushrooms of the present embodiment. This cultivation bottle 10 is for cultivation of enoki mushrooms, and is blow-molded as a translucent wide-mouth bottle with a synthetic resin as shown in FIG. The cultivation bin 10 of this embodiment is formed as a planar round shape having a circular cross section. That is, a cylindrical main body 11 filled with enoki mushroom culture medium, a shoulder 12 having a slightly reduced diameter at the upper end of the main body 11, and a cylindrical mouth projecting concentrically from the upper end of the shoulder 12 A portion 13 is provided. The mouth portion 13 is in an open state, and enoki mushrooms extend upward from the mouth portion 13.

  In the present embodiment, the cultivation bin 10 is formed with an outer diameter d1 of the main body 11 of 69 mm (wall thickness 0.5 mm) and an outer diameter d2 of the mouth part 54 of 54 mm (wall thickness 1.0 mm). The total length h1 is 180 mm, and the height h2 of the mouth portion 13 is 30 mm. Of course, each dimension is not restricted to this, It can change suitably in the range suitable for growing enoki mushrooms.

  FIG. 13: is a figure which shows the cultivation bottle used for the population cultivation of the conventional enoki mushroom. The conventional cultivation bottle 100 has a bottle opening 106 with a diameter of about 65 to 80 mm and an internal volume of about 800 to 1000 cc. Each of these cultivation bins 100 grows mushrooms so as to grow densely in a cylindrical wrapping paper (not shown) wound around the bottle mouth 106.

  Moreover, FIG. 3 is a top view of the container 1 used in the artificial cultivation method of the enoki mushroom of this embodiment. The container for mushroom cultivation (hereinafter simply abbreviated as “container”) 1 is integrally formed of synthetic resin, and the overall planar shape is substantially square. As shown in FIG. 4, the container 1 is formed in a deep dish shape having an open top by a bottom surface portion 2 and a side surface portion 3 rising from the periphery of the bottom surface portion 2. At this time, the side surface portion 3 is slightly outwardly opened for die cutting, and the upper end portion thereof is an arc portion 3a that curls outward.

  A plurality of mushroom cultivation bottles 10 can be accommodated inside the container 1. In the present embodiment, when the cultivation bins 10 are aligned two by two in the vertical and horizontal directions and the four cultivation bins 10 form a set of bin groups 10G, the bottom surface portion 2 can arrange a plurality of bin groups 10G. It is an area. Of course, the vertical and horizontal directions in this case are vertical and horizontal in the surface direction along the bottom surface portion 2.

  In particular, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the bottom surface portion 2 has an area in which three sets of bin groups 10G are arranged in the direction of one side 10E1 and three sets of bin groups 10G are arranged in the direction of the adjacent side 10E2. have. That is, a total of 36 cultivation bins 10 are accommodated in one container 1.

  Next, the artificial cultivation method of the enoki mushroom of this embodiment using these cultivation bins 10 and the containers 1 will be described in order. FIG. 1 is a process diagram of the method for artificial cultivation of enoki mushrooms of this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the method for artificial cultivation of enoki mushrooms according to this embodiment includes a culture medium filling step S1, a sterilization step S2, an inoculum inoculation step S3, a mycelia culture step S4, a fungus scraping step S5, a germination step S6, and a suppression step S7. The paper winding step S8, the growth step S9, and the harvesting / packaging step S10.

1. Culture medium filling step S1
In the arrangement shown in FIG. 3, 36 (6 × 6) cultivation bins 10 that can be accommodated in the container 1 are stood up and accommodated, and the culture medium filling machine 16 is accommodated by the conveyor 15 as shown in FIG. 6. The culture medium 17 that is moved downward and appropriately selected and mixed with large sawdust, corn cob, and other materials is filled in all the cultivation bottles 10 in the container 1 at the same time. After filling the culture medium 17, an inoculation hole 17 a is formed in the center, and the opening of each cultivation bottle is plugged with a breathable cap.

2. Sterilization process S2
With the culture medium 17 being filled in the culture medium filling step S1, using an automatic stacker, as shown in FIG. 7, a large number of containers 1 accommodating the maximum number of cultivation bins 10 are arranged on the pallet 19, It is put in a heat sterilization kettle in a multi-layered state and sterilized with steam for a certain time.

3. Inoculation process S3
After the sterilization treatment, the culture medium-containing cultivation bottles 10 are stored in the respective containers 1 and then cooled to room temperature by being allowed to cool, and then each container 1 is sequentially sent to the inoculum inoculator (not shown) by a conveyor. Inoculation with 36 inoculation bottles 10 is carried out.

4). Mycelium culture process S4
After inoculation, four cultivation bins located in the central portion are extracted from the container 1 containing 36 cultivation bins 10 as shown in FIG. 8, and a space for four cultivation bins is formed in the center of the container. Form. According to the container 1 for mushroom cultivation used in the present embodiment, four cultivation bins 10 aligned in the vertical and horizontal directions are set as a set of bin groups 10G. As shown in FIG. A partition wall 4 that surrounds and positions each of the bin groups 10G is raised on the bottom surface portion 2. As shown in FIG. 5, different cultivation bins 10 may be positioned at the left and right ends of the partition wall 4.

  As a result, any four cultivation bins 10 surrounded by the partition wall 4 during ventilation in the culture chamber can be extracted in a lump without being obstructed by the partition wall 4, and during ventilation in the culture chamber Workability can be improved.

  At this time, since the partition wall 4 is lower than the side surface portion 3 of the container 1, extraction can be further facilitated with four cultivation bins as one unit. In this way, the container 1 from which the cultivation bottles have been extracted is arranged on a pallet 19 by using an automatic stacking machine in the same manner as in the sterilization step, stacked in multiple stages, put into a culture chamber, and a predetermined temperature and Incubate for a certain period under humidity.

  During this cultivation, gas (mainly carbon dioxide) and heat are generated by the growth of the mycelia. However, as shown in FIG. 9, a vertically arranged cavity is formed in the central portion A of the stacked container 1. The generated gas moves in the cavity together with the circulating air in the cavity and is discharged. Also, heat generated in the cultivation bin is released. The situation can be uniform with respect to 10. Thus, since it can ventilate from the center part A of the container 1 which accommodated the 36 cultivation bottles 10, the ventilation efficiency of the container 1 whole, ie, the cooling efficiency, can be improved.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG. 8, since the clearance gap between the cultivation bins 10 accommodated in the adjacent division is formed by the partition wall 4 of the container 1, ventilation between the cultivation bins 10 is further improved, and heat is dissipated. And ventilation efficiency can be further increased.

5. Fungus scraping process S5
After completion of the mycelium culture for a certain period, the mother bacteria accumulated in the bottle mouth are removed by the fungus scraping process. Prior to this fungus scraping operation, the portion extracted in the container 1 is replenished with the cultivation bottle after the mycelial cultivation to make 6 × 6 (36) again. As described above, since the partition wall 4 of the container 1 used in the present embodiment is lower than the side surface portion 3 of the container 1, the work of replenishing four cultivation bins as one unit is easy. For fungi scraping, the container 1 is fed into the fungus scraping machine, the container and the cultivation bottle are held and inverted to scrape the fungus. After scraping the fungus, sprinkle water to the extent that the fungus floor gets wet to encourage germination.

6). Germination process S6
After the fungus scraping step, germinate at room temperature of 12-16 ° C. and humidity of 93-99%. The primordium is formed in 6-8 days.

7). Suppression step S7
Slowly suppresses the enlargement of the umbrella and the growth of the handle with a low temperature of 3 to 7 ° C. and light, and arranges irregular buds.

8). Paper winding process S8
Cover the enoki mushrooms with a growth support cover to extend the enoki mushrooms straight. By covering the surrounding area with the growth assistance cover, the carbon dioxide concentration around the mushroom increases, and the growth of the umbrella is suppressed. When the growth of the umbrella is suppressed, the growth of the handle is promoted, and the enoki pod with a longer handle than the wild enoki pod is obtained. In addition, when cultivating like a wild enoki mushroom, this process is not necessarily essential.

  FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of the growth assisting cover 20 used in the paper winding process, and FIG. 11 is a development view of the growth assisting cover 20. FIG. 12 is a side view showing a usage state of the growth assisting cover 20. The growth assist cover 20 used in the present embodiment is formed by forming both end portions 23 and 24 of a sheet-like member made of paper, nonwoven fabric, resin film or the like into a conical cylindrical shape by adhesion or welding. There is a shape that expands upward when mounted. On the side surface of the growth assist cover 20, a plurality of vent holes 22 of about 2φ mm for ventilating the growth assist cover 20 are formed.

  A conventional paper winding process in which a paper roll is wound around the outer surface of the bottle neck and fixed with a rubber band, a hook-and-loop fastener or the like by using the growth assist cover 20 formed in a cylindrical shape in advance. In comparison, the working efficiency can be significantly improved. Furthermore, when harvesting enoki mushrooms, you can grab the stock of enoki mushrooms together with this growth support cover and harvest them from the bottle neck. In addition, work efficiency can be improved.

9. Growth process S9
After attaching the growth assistance cover 20 to each cultivation bottle 10 as mentioned above, it arranges and arranges on the shelf of a growth chamber, and grows enoki mushrooms on predetermined growth conditions, such as temperature and humidity. In shimeji cultivation and eringi cultivation, umbrellas and stems of fruiting bodies interfere with the growth of mushrooms, and therefore, for example, a step of extracting the cultivation bins every other row and increasing the interval between the cultivation bins is necessary. On the other hand, in the case of enoki mushroom, the umbrella and stem of the fruiting body do not spread in the horizontal direction compared to that of shimeji and eringi, and tend to elongate in the vertical direction. The merit of the cultivation method of 6 (36) can be enjoyed more.

10. Harvesting and packaging process S10
After growing for a certain period of time as described above, the enoki mushrooms grow to a size suitable for shipping, then harvested, packaged and shipped. According to the artificial cultivation method of the enoki mushroom of this embodiment, since the cultivation bottle for exclusive use of the enoki mushroom which made the bottle main-body part 11 thin compared with the conventional cultivation bottle 100 (refer FIG. 13), arbitrary magnitude | sizes and Heavy enoki mushrooms can be cultivated. As a result, the division work of the enoki mushroom strain, which has been conventionally required, becomes unnecessary, and the harvested enoki mushroom can be directly subjected to the packaging process.

1,30 container (container for mushroom cultivation)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 2 Bottom part 3 Side part 4 Partition wall 41 Main wall 42 Subwall 5 Contact surface part 10 Cultivation bottle 10G Bottle group 11 Main body part 12 Shoulder part 13 Mouth part 15 Conveyor 16 Culture medium filling machine 17 Culture medium 17a Inoculation hole 19 Pallet 20 Growth assistance Cover 22 Ventilation hole 100 Conventional cultivation bottle

Claims (4)

It is an artificial cultivation method for enoki mushrooms, in which cultivation bottles filled with a culture medium are arranged upright in a container and have a sterilization process, an inoculum inoculation process, a mycelia culture process, a fungus scraping process, a germination process, a suppression process, and a growth process. ,
In the sterilization process and the inoculum inoculation process, the cultivation bottles are arranged in 6 x 6 in the container,
In the hypha culture process, the four cultivation bottles in the central part of the container are extracted, and the hypha culture is performed for a certain period of time in a culture chamber with the containers stacked in multiple stages so that the extracted parts communicate vertically.
In the fungus scraping process, the cultivation bins after the hypha culture process are supplemented by the number extracted in the central part of the container, and then the cultivation bins are cultivated in a state of being arranged in 6 × 6 in the container.
Artificial cultivation method of enoki mushrooms. Furthermore, after the suppressing step, it has a step of attaching a growth support cover formed in a conical cylindrical shape to the opening of the cultivation bin,
The method for artificial cultivation of enoki mushrooms according to claim 1.   The method for artificial cultivation of enoki mushrooms according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the container includes a partition wall for partitioning and positioning the cultivation bin in units of four.   The artificial cultivation method of enoki mushrooms according to claim 3, wherein a gap is formed between the partition walls and a cultivation bin accommodated in an adjacent section.

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