JP2012174988A - 接合電極、接合電極の製造方法、半導体装置、及び、半導体装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
接合電極、接合電極の製造方法、半導体装置、及び、半導体装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012174988A JP2012174988A JP2011037417A JP2011037417A JP2012174988A JP 2012174988 A JP2012174988 A JP 2012174988A JP 2011037417 A JP2011037417 A JP 2011037417A JP 2011037417 A JP2011037417 A JP 2011037417A JP 2012174988 A JP2012174988 A JP 2012174988A
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Abstract
【解決手段】絶縁層22と、絶縁層22に形成された凹部25と、凹部25の側面及び底面に形成された被覆層23と、被覆層23上に形成され、絶縁層22表面から突出した上面24Aを有する接合金属層24を形成し、被覆層23が露出するまで接合金属層24を除去する。続いて、被覆層23の研磨速度が接合金属層24に対して充分に速い条件で、絶縁層22上の被覆層23を研磨することにより、接合金属層24を絶縁層22の表面に突出させる。
【選択図】図5
Description
また、本技術の半導体装置は、半導体基体に上述の接合電極を備える。
また、本技術の半導体装置の製造方法は、半導体基体に上述の工程により接合電極を製造する。
また本発明の接合電極の製造方法及び半導体装置の製造方法によれば、接続信頼性を向上が可能な凸形状の接合金属層を形成することができる。
なお、説明は以下の順序で行う。
1.接合電極の概要
2.接合電極、半導体装置の実施の形態
3.接合電極、半導体装置の製造方法
三次元実装における電極の接合方法について説明する。
図1Aに接合電極の構成図を示す。接合電極10は、基体11上に形成された絶縁層12と、絶縁層12の凹部15内に形成されたバリアメタル層13及び接合金属層14とから構成される。
この接合電極10は、一般的にCMP法を用いたダマシン法により形成される。まず、基体11上に絶縁層12を形成する。そして、絶縁層12に、電極となる接合金属層14を形成するための凹部15を形成する。凹部15内面を含む絶縁層12全面を覆って、例えば、スパッタリング法やめっき法を用いてバリアメタル層13を形成する。
そして、バリアメタル層13上に接合金属層14を形成する。このとき、接合金属層14により凹部15の段差を埋めこむ。
上面に窪みが形成された接合金属層14を用いて信頼性の高い電極接合を得るためには、電極接合部となる接合金属層14を絶縁層12及びバリアメタル層13よりも突出した形状とすることが好ましい。
以下、接合電極、及び、接合電極を備える半導体装置の具体的な実施の形態について説明する。
図2に、接合電極を備える半導体装置の概略構成図を示す。
図2に示す半導体装置20は、半導体基体21と、半導体基体21上に形成された絶縁層22とを備える。また、絶縁層22には、接合電極形成用の配線溝である凹部25が形成されている。そして、凹部25内に接合電極26が形成されている。接合電極26は、凹部25の底面及び側面に形成された被覆層23と、被覆層23上に形成された接合金属層24とからなる。
接合金属層24は、例えば、Cu、Al及びW等を用いて形成する。
接合金属層24の凸量Aは、後述する製造方法の条件により、凹部25の底面に形成されている被覆層23の厚さBと同程度の厚さ、又は、被覆層23の厚さBよりも小さくなる。例えば、接合金属層24の凸量Aは、被覆層23の厚さBの1/2以上、特に好ましくは2/3以上である。
また、凹部25の側面の被覆層23の厚さCを小さくすることにより、絶縁層22及び接合金属層24の表面の平坦化の際の被覆層23の除去を防ぐことができる。
凹部25の側面において被覆層23が除去されると、絶縁層22と被覆層23との間に段差が形成される。研磨工程において、この段差部分にスラリーや研磨屑等の残渣成分が堆積しやすい。また、被覆層23が薄く形成されるため、段差部分が狭く残渣成分を洗浄により除去することが難しい。残渣成分の残存は、導電体層の腐食や脱ガスにより配線信頼性の低下を招く恐れがある。
従って、凹部25の側面の被覆層23の厚さCを小さくすることにより、絶縁層22と被覆層23との間の段差の発生を抑制し、接合電極の信頼性を向上させることができる。
接合電極26を接合することにより、接合電極26を介して半導体基体21同士を電気的に接続することができる。また、半導体基体21の非接合面側に、上述の絶縁層と接合電極とを形成し、形成した接合電極を用いてさらに半導体基体を接合することにより、半導体装置を積層構造とすることができる。
接合後に絶縁層22間に形成される空洞には、アンダーフィル樹脂を充填してもよい。
次に、上述の接合電極の製造方法、及び、接合電極を有する半導体装置の製造方法について説明する。
まず、図5Aに示すように、半導体基体21上に、絶縁層22、被覆層23、及び、接合金属層24を形成する。
半導体基体21上に、CVD、スパッタ法等の公知の方法を用いて絶縁層22を形成する。絶縁層22の形成後、接合電極の形成箇所の絶縁層24に凹部25を形成する。すなわち、絶縁層22上にフォトリソグラフィを用いて凹部形成位置を開口するパターンを形成する。そして、絶縁層22をエッチングすることにより凹部25を形成する。
このように、接合金属層24の凸量は、上述の絶縁層22表面の被覆層23の厚さと、被覆層23の研磨工程における、被覆層23と接合金属層24の研磨速度比により、制御することができる。
接合金属層24の研磨工程における接合金属層24を選択的な研磨は、例えば、酸化剤や錯形成剤を用いたCMP法により行う。酸化剤や錯形成剤を用いることにより、接合金属層24を構成する金属の酸化を促進させ、被覆層23に対する接合金属層24の研磨速度を向上させることが可能である。
また、一般的に被覆層23に用いられる材料は、接合金属層24よりも不活性である。このため、研磨剤の濃度を高くして機械的作用を増すことにより、被覆層23の研磨速度が向上させることが可能である。
このとき、スラリーのpH調整、研磨剤の表面改質等を行うことで、研磨剤と被覆層23表面の相互作用を増加させ、機械的研磨をより効果的に行うことも可能である。この方法は、被覆層23の材料の種類や、使用する研磨剤に依存する。例えば、被覆層23として一般的なタンタルでは、比表面積が大きいシリカ粒子を酸性水溶液中に分散することで高い研磨速度が得られる。このとき、接合金属層24を構成する金属の酸化剤、例えばCu酸化を促す薬液等を含まなければ、接合金属層24の研磨を抑制することができる。
なお、本技術は以下のような構成も取ることもできる。
(1)絶縁層と、前記絶縁層に形成された凹部と、前記凹部の側面及び底面に形成された被覆層と、前記被覆層上に形成され、前記絶縁層の表面から上部が突出した接合金属層とを備える接合電極。
(2)前記接合金属層の上面の突出する高さが、前記凹部の側面に形成されている前記被覆層の厚さよりも大きい前記(1)に記載の接合電極。
(3)前記凹部の底面に形成されている前記被覆層が、前記接合金属層の上面の突出する高さ以上の厚さに形成されている前記(1)又は(2)に記載の接合電極。
(4)前記凹部の側面に形成されている前記被覆層の厚さが、前記凹部の底面に形成されている前記被覆層の厚さよりも小さい前記(1)から(3)のいずれかに記載の接合電極。
(5)前記(1)から(4)のいずれかに記載の接合電極を備える半導体装置。
(6)絶縁層に凹部を形成する工程と、前記絶縁層の表面、及び、凹部内の側面と底面に被覆層を形成する工程と、前記被覆層上に接合金属層を形成する工程と、前記絶縁層の表面から前記被覆層を除去し、前記接合金属層の上面を前記絶縁層の表面から突出させる研磨工程と、を有する接合電極の製造方法。
(7)前記研磨工程は、前記被覆層が表面に露出するまで前記接合金属層を除去する第1研磨工程と、前記絶縁層の表面が露出するまで、前記第1研磨工程で露出した前記被覆層を除去する第2研磨工程と、を有する前記(6)に記載の接合電極の製造方法。
(8)前記第2研磨工程において、前記被覆層の研磨比が前記接合金属層の研磨比よりも大きい条件で研磨する前記(6)又は(7)のいずれかに記載の接合電極の製造方法。
(9)前記第1研磨工程において、前記接合金属層を選択的に研磨することができる条件で研磨する前記(6)から(8)のいずれかに記載の接合電極の製造方法。
(10)前記第2研磨工程において、前記凹部の側面に形成された前記被覆層の厚さ以上の粒径の研磨剤を用いる前記(6)から(9)のいずれかに記載の接合電極の製造方法。
(11)前記(6)から(10)のいずれかに記載の方法により接合電極を形成する半導体装置の製造方法。
Claims (11)
- 絶縁層と、
前記絶縁層に形成された凹部と、
前記凹部の側面及び底面に形成された被覆層と、
前記被覆層上に形成され、前記絶縁層の表面から突出した上面を有する接合金属層と、
を備える接合電極。 - 前記接合金属層の上面の突出する高さが、前記凹部の側面に形成されている前記被覆層の厚さよりも大きい請求項1に記載の接合電極。
- 前記凹部の底面に形成されている前記被覆層が、前記接合金属層の上面の突出する高さ以上の厚さに形成されている請求項1に記載の接合電極。
- 前記凹部の側面に形成されている前記被覆層の厚さが、前記凹部の底面に形成されている前記被覆層の厚さよりも小さい請求項1に記載の接合電極。
- 半導体基体と、
前記半導体基体上に形成された絶縁層と、
前記絶縁層に形成された凹部と、
前記凹部の側面及び底面に形成された被覆層と、
前記被覆層上に形成され、前記絶縁層の表面から突出した上面を有する接合金属層と、
を備える半導体装置。 - 絶縁層に凹部を形成する工程と、
前記絶縁層の表面、及び、凹部内の側面と底面に被覆層を形成する工程と、
前記被覆層上に接合金属層を形成する工程と、
前記絶縁層の表面から前記被覆層を除去し、前記接合金属層の上面を前記絶縁層の表面から突出させる研磨工程と、
を有する接合電極の製造方法。 - 前記研磨工程は、前記被覆層が表面に露出するまで前記接合金属層を除去する第1研磨工程と、前記絶縁層の表面が露出するまで、前記第1研磨工程で露出した前記被覆層を除去する第2研磨工程と、を有する請求項6に記載の接合電極の製造方法。
- 前記第2研磨工程において、前記被覆層の研磨比が前記接合金属層の研磨比よりも大きい条件で研磨する請求項7に記載の接合電極の製造方法。
- 前記第1研磨工程において、前記接合金属層を選択的に研磨することができる条件で研磨する請求項7に記載の接合電極の製造方法。
- 前記第2研磨工程において、前記凹部の側面に形成された前記被覆層の厚さ以上の粒径の研磨剤を用いる請求項7に記載の接合電極の製造方法。
- 半導体基体上に絶縁層を形成する工程と、
前記絶縁層の表面、及び、凹部内の側面と底面に被覆層を形成する工程と、
前記被覆層上に接合金属層を形成する工程と、
前記絶縁層の表面から前記被覆層を除去し、前記接合金属層の上面を前記絶縁層の表面から突出させる研磨工程と、
を有する半導体装置の製造方法。
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