JP2012174332A - 導電性接合材料、導体の接合方法、及び半導体装置の製造方法 - Google Patents

導電性接合材料、導体の接合方法、及び半導体装置の製造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2012174332A
JP2012174332A JP2011031643A JP2011031643A JP2012174332A JP 2012174332 A JP2012174332 A JP 2012174332A JP 2011031643 A JP2011031643 A JP 2011031643A JP 2011031643 A JP2011031643 A JP 2011031643A JP 2012174332 A JP2012174332 A JP 2012174332A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
melting point
particles
conductive bonding
bonding material
point metal
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JP2011031643A
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English (en)
Inventor
Takatoyo Yamagami
高豊 山上
Takashi Kubota
崇 久保田
Kuniko Ishikawa
邦子 石川
Masayuki Kitajima
雅之 北嶋
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Fujitsu Ltd
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Fujitsu Ltd
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Priority to JP2011031643A priority Critical patent/JP2012174332A/ja
Priority to TW101103537A priority patent/TW201244867A/zh
Priority to US13/367,509 priority patent/US8418910B2/en
Priority to KR1020120014247A priority patent/KR20120094850A/ko
Priority to CN2012100356801A priority patent/CN102642095A/zh
Priority to EP12155888A priority patent/EP2490252A2/en
Publication of JP2012174332A publication Critical patent/JP2012174332A/ja
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H01L24/10Bump connectors ; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L24/12Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bump connectors prior to the connecting process
    • H01L24/13Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bump connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual bump connector
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23K35/262Sn as the principal constituent
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Abstract

【課題】導電性接合材料を基板の電極に供給しつつ溶着する導電性接合材料供給工程、及び電子部品の端子に導電性接合材料を一度溶融させて転写する転写工程を選択することができ、基板と電子部品を150℃以下の低温で効率よく接合することができる導電性接合材料及び導体の接合方法、及び半導体装置の製造方法の提供。
【解決手段】融点が150℃以上の高融点金属粒子と、融点が80℃以上139℃以下の中融点金属粒子と、融点が79℃以下の低融点金属粒子とからなる金属成分を含む導電性接合材料である。前記金属成分が、高融点金属粒子表面に、中融点金属粒子から形成された中融点金属層と、低融点金属粒子から形成された低融点金属層とをこの順に有する多層金属粒子である態様などが好ましい。
【選択図】図4

Description

本発明は、導電性接合材料、導体の接合方法、及び半導体装置の製造方法に関する。
半導体素子等の電子部品と、ガラスエポキシ基板等の基板を接合する際に、両者の熱膨張係数差に起因する歪みの抑制、及び接合品質確保を図ることを目的として、熱処理により融点が変化する融点変化型低温金属ペーストを用いることが種々提案されている(特許文献1から4参照)。
例えば、図1に示すように、従来の導電性接合材料である融点変化型低温金属ペースト10は、高融点金属粒子(Sn−BiめっきCu粒子)1と、低融点金属粒子(Sn−Bi粒子)2とからなる金属成分と、フラックス成分3とから構成されている。この融点変化型低温金属ペースト10の初期融点は、低融点金属粒子(Sn−Bi粒子)の融点に基づく139℃である。融点変化型低温金属ペースト10を150℃以下で熱処理すると、低融点金属粒子(Sn−Bi粒子)2のSnが、高融点金属粒子(Sn−BiめっきCu粒子)1に拡散し、Bi偏析層4とCu−Sn系金属間化合物5を形成し、金属結合状態となることで、融点変化型低温金属ペースト10の融点が約250℃以上に上昇する。
このように従来の導電性接合材料である融点変化型低温金属ペーストは、熱処理により融点が変化するため、導電性接合材料供給工程で選択できる熱処理温度は、低融点金属粒子(Sn−Bi粒子)の融点である初期融点以下に制約される。図2に示すように、基板6と電子部品8とを接合する際に、基板の電極7上に、従来の導電性接合材料である融点変化型低温金属ペースト10を供給し、熱処理により基板の電極に溶着すると、低融点成分が消失して融点が250℃以上に上昇してしまう。このため、事前に基板の電極に融点変化型低温金属ペーストを供給しつつ溶着する導電性接合材料供給工程が選択できず、150℃以下の低温での電子部品の基板への実装ができないという課題がある。
また、図3に示すように、従来の導電性接合材料である融点変化型低温金属ペースト10を、ザグリ治具31の凹部に充填し、これに電子部品の端子を押し付け150℃以下で熱処理して電子部品8の端子9に加熱・転写(溶着)すると、低融点成分が消失して融点が250℃以上に上昇してしまう。このため、電子部品の端子に導電性接合材料を一度溶融させて転写する加熱転写工程が選択できず、150℃以下の低温での電子部品の基板への実装ができないという課題がある。
したがって、従来の導電性接合材料では、熱処理によって低融点成分が消失してしまい融点が250℃以上に上昇してしまうので、導電性接合材料を基板の電極に供給しつつ溶着する導電性接合材料供給工程、及び電子部品の端子に導電性接合材料を一度溶融させて転写する転写工程を選択することができず、150℃以下の低温接合が困難であるのが現状である。
特開2002−261105号公報 国際公開第2007/125861号パンフレット 特開2006−102769号公報 特開2008−161881号公報
本発明は、導電性接合材料を基板の電極に供給しつつ溶着する導電性接合材料供給工程、及び電子部品の端子に導電性接合材料を一度溶融させて転写する転写工程を選択することができ、基板と電子部品を150℃以下の低温で効率よく接合することができる導電性接合材料及び導体の接合方法、及び半導体装置の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
前記課題を解決するため本発明者らが鋭意検討を重ねた結果、融点が150℃以上の高融点金属粒子と、融点が80℃以上139℃以下の中融点金属粒子と、融点が79℃以下の低融点金属粒子とからなる金属成分を含む導電性接合材料において、初期状態での融点は低融点金属粒子の融点である79℃となる。この導電性接合材料を79℃〜138℃で一次熱処理すると、融点が79℃〜139℃の金属結合状態(1)となる。この金属結合状態(1)には、融点が139℃以下の低融点成分が残存している。次に、金属結合状態(1)を更に150℃以上で二次熱処理すると、低融点金属粒子及び中融点金属粒子が高融点金属粒子に拡散し、Bi偏析層、Cu−Sn系金属間化合物、Cu−In系金属間化合物、及びCu−Sn−In系金属間化合物が形成され、金属結合状態(2)となり、融点が250℃以上になる。したがって、融点が150℃以上の高融点金属粒子と、融点が80℃以上139℃以下の中融点金属粒子と、融点が79℃以下の低融点金属粒子とからなる3段階の融点を有する金属成分を含む導電性接合材料を用いることで、一次熱処理後においても確実に低融点成分を残存させることができるので、従来困難であった導電性接合材料を基板の電極に供給しつつ溶着する導電性接合材料供給工程、及び電子部品の端子に導電性接合材料を一度溶融させて転写する転写工程を選択することができ、基板と電子部品を150℃以下の低温で効率よく接合できると共に、電子部品を基板に実装後は、250℃以上の高温領域まで融点を変化できることを知見した
本発明は、本発明者らによる前記知見に基づくものであり、前記課題を解決するための手段としては、後述する付記に記載した通りである。即ち、
開示の導電性接合材料は、融点が150℃以上の高融点金属粒子と、融点が80℃以上139℃以下の中融点金属粒子と、融点が79℃以下の低融点金属粒子とからなる金属成分を含む。
開示の導体の接合方法は、開示の前記導電性接合材料を、基板の電極及び電子部品の端子のいずれかに供給する工程と、
供給された導電性接合材料を中融点金属粒子の融点未満の温度で加熱し、前記基板の電極及び電子部品の端子のいずれかに溶着させる工程とを少なくとも含む。
開示の半導体装置の製造方法は、開示の前記導体の接合工程を少なくとも含む。
開示の導電性接合材料によると、従来における前記諸問題を解決し、前記目的を達成することができ、導電性接合材料を基板の電極に供給しつつ溶着する導電性接合材料供給工程、及び電子部品の端子に導電性接合材料を一度溶融させて転写する転写工程を選択することができ、基板と電子部品を150℃以下の低温で効率よく接合することができる導電性接合材料及び導体の接合方法、及び半導体装置の製造方法を提供することができる。
図1は、従来の導電性接合材料、及び該導電性接合材料を熱処理後の状態を示す概略図である。 図2は、従来の導電性接合材料を基板の電極に供給し、電子部品の端子を接合する状態を示す概略図である。 図3は、従来の導電性接合材料を電子部品に加熱転写し、基板の電極と接合する状態を示す概略図である。 図4は、本発明の導電性接合材料、及び該導電性接合材料を熱処理後の状態を示す概略図である。 図5は、本発明の導電性接合材料の他の一例を示す概略図である。 図6Aは、二次熱処理後における導電性接合材料中のBiとSnの状態図である。 図6Bは、二次熱処理後における導電性接合材料中のCuとSnの状態図である。 図6Cは、二次熱処理後における導電性接合材料中のCuとInの状態図である。 図7は、本発明の導体の接合方法の一例を示す概略図である。 図8は、本発明の導体の接合方法の他の一例を示す概略図である。 図9は、実施例18及び19の半導体装置の製造方法を示す概略図である。 図10は、実施例20の半導体装置の製造方法を示す概略図である。 図11は、実施例21の半導体装置の製造方法を示す概略図である。
(導電性接合材料)
本発明の導電性接合材料は、金属成分を含んでなり、フラックス成分を含むことが好ましく、更に必要に応じてその他の成分を含んでなる。
<金属成分>
前記金属成分は、高融点金属粒子と、中融点金属粒子と、低融点金属粒子とからなる。
<<高融点金属粒子>>
前記高融点金属粒子としては、融点が150℃以上であり、300℃以上が好ましく、500℃以上がより好ましい。前記高融点金属粒子の融点が、150℃未満であると、中融点金属粒子の融点との差が小さくなり、150℃以下の低温接合が困難となることがある。
前記高融点金属粒子の融点は、例えば、示差走査熱量測定(DSC)により測定することができる。
前記高融点金属粒子としては、前記融点を満たす金属粒子であれば、その形状、平均粒径、構造などについては特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができる。
前記高融点金属粒子としては、例えばAu粒子、Ag粒子、Cu粒子、AuめっきCu粒子、Sn−BiめっきCu粒子、AgめっきCu粒子、などが挙げられる。これらは、1種単独で使用してもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。これらの中でも、はんだの濡れ性の点でSn−BiめっきCu粒子、AgめっきCu粒子、AuめっきCu粒子、Cu粒子が特に好ましい。
前記Sn−BiめっきCu粒子としては、例えばSn−58BiめっきCu粒子などが挙げられる。
前記高融点金属粒子の形状としては、例えば球状、真球状、ラグビーボール状、などが挙げられる。
前記高融点金属粒子の構造としては、単層構造であってもよく、積層構造であってもよい。
前記高融点金属粒子の平均粒径は、30μm〜50μmが好ましく、35μm〜45μmがより好ましい。
前記高融点金属粒子の前記金属成分における含有量は、80質量%〜90質量%が好ましく、83質量%〜87質量%がより好ましい。前記含有量が、80質量%未満であると、接合部の導通抵抗が上昇することがあり、90質量%を超えると、はんだ濡れ性の悪化、及び導通抵抗の上昇が生じることがある。
前記高融点金属粒子としては、特に制限はなく、適宜製造したものを使用してもよいし、市販品を使用してもよい。前記高融点金属粒子の製造方法としては、例えばアトマイズ法による粉体化などが挙げられる。
<<中融点金属粒子>>
前記中融点金属粒子としては、融点が80℃以上139℃以下であり、80℃〜130℃が好ましい。前記中融点金属粒子の融点が、80℃未満であると、低融点金属粒子との融点差がなくなってしまうことがあり、139℃を超えると、高融点金属粒子との融点差が小さくなってしまい、導電性接合材料供給工程、及び転写工程を選択することができなくなり、150℃以下の低温接合が困難となることがある。
前記中融点金属粒子の融点は、例えば示差走査熱量測定(DSC)により測定することができる。
前記中融点金属粒子としては、例えばSn−Bi粒子、Sn−Bi−Ag粒子、などが挙げられる。
前記Sn−Bi粒子としては、例えばSn−58Bi粒子などが挙げられる。
前記Sn−Bi−Ag粒子としては、例えばSn−57Bi−1Ag粒子などが挙げられる。
前記中融点金属粒子の形状としては、例えば球状、真球状、ラグビーボール状、などが挙げられる。
前記中融点金属粒子の構造としては、単層構造であってもよく、積層構造であってもよい。
前記中融点金属粒子の平均粒径は、10μm〜40μmが好ましく、20μm〜30μmがより好ましい。
前記中融点金属粒子の金属成分における含有量は、5質量%〜15質量%が好ましく、10質量%〜15質量%がより好ましい。前記含有量が、5質量%未満であると、はんだ濡れ性の悪化、及び導通抵抗の上昇が生じることがあり、15質量%を超えると、融点変化に支障をきたすことがある。
前記中融点金属粒子は、特に制限はなく、適宜製造したものを使用してもよいし、市販品を使用してもよい。前記中融点金属粒子の製造方法としては、例えばアトマイズ法などが挙げられる。
<<低融点金属粒子>>
前記低融点金属粒子は、融点が79℃以下であり、70℃〜79℃が好ましい。前記融点が、79℃を超えると、中融点金属粒子との融点差が小さくなってしまい、導電性接合材料供給工程、及び転写工程を選択することができなくなり、150℃以下の低温接合が困難となることがある。
前記低融点金属粒子の融点は、例えば示差走査熱量測定(DSC)により測定することができる。
前記低融点金属粒子としては、例えばSn−Bi−In粒子、Sn−Bi−Ga粒子などが挙げられる。
前記Sn−Bi−In粒子としては、例えば17Sn−58Bi−25In粒子、12Sn−41Bi−47In粒子などが挙げられる。
前記低融点金属粒子の形状としては、例えば球状、真球状、ラグビーボール状、などが挙げられる。
前記低融点金属粒子の構造としては、単層構造であってもよく、積層構造であってもよい。
前記低融点金属粒子の平均粒径は、10μm〜40μmが好ましく、20μm〜30μmがより好ましい。
前記低融点金属粒子の金属成分における含有量は、5質量%〜15質量%が好ましく、10質量%〜15質量%がより好ましい。前記含有量が、5質量%未満であると、はんだ濡れ性の悪化、及び導通抵抗の上昇を招くことがあり、15質量%を超えると、融点変化に支障をきたすことがある。
前記低融点金属粒子は、特に制限はなく、適宜製造したものを使用してもよいし、市販品を使用してもよい。前記低融点金属粒子の製造方法としては、例えばアトマイズ法などが挙げられる。
前記金属成分としては、上述したように、前記高融点金属粒子と、前記中融点金属粒子と、前記低融点金属粒子とからなるものが用いられるが、これ以外にも、高融点金属粒子表面に、中融点金属粒子から形成された中融点金属層と、低融点金属粒子から形成された低融点金属層とをこの順に有する多層金属粒子を用いることができる。これにより、一つの多層金属粒子からなる導電性接合材料が得られる点で好ましい。前記高融点金属粒子表面に、低融点金属粒子から形成された低融点金属層と中融点金属粒子から形成された中融点金属層とをこの順に有すると、最表面に低融点金属層がないため、150℃以下の低温接合が困難となることがある。
前記多層金属粒子としては、特に制限はなく、適宜製造したものを使用してもよいし、市販品を使用してもよい。
前記高融点金属粒子としては、上述した高融点金属粒子と同じものを用いることができる。
前記高融点金属粒子の平均粒径は40μm以下が好ましく、30μm〜40μmが好ましい。前記平均粒径が、40μmを超えると、微細接点への接合に支障をきたすことがある。
前記中融点金属層の平均厚みは、1μm以上が好ましく、1μm〜5μmがより好ましい。前記平均厚みが、1μm未満であると、中融点金属の量が少なくなってしまい、150℃以下の低温接合が困難となることがある。
前記中融点金属層は、例えば無電解めっき、などにより形成することができる。
前記低融点金属層の平均厚みは、1μm以上が好ましく、1μm〜5μmがより好ましい。前記平均厚みが、1μm未満であると、低融点金属の量が少なくなってしまい、150℃以下の低温接合が困難となることがある。
前記低融点金属層は、例えば無電解めっき、などにより形成することができる。
前記金属成分の前記導電性接合材料における含有量は、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができるが、50質量%〜95質量%が好ましく、70質量%〜90質量%がより好ましい。
<フラックス成分>
前記フラックス成分としては、エポキシ系フラックス材料及びロジン系フラックス材料の少なくともいずれかを用いることができる。これらの中でも、エポキシ系フラックス材料を用いると、エポキシ樹脂の硬化により接合強度を向上させることができる点で特に好ましい。
−エポキシ系フラックス材料−
前記エポキシ系フラックス材料としては、エポキシ樹脂、カルボン酸、及び溶剤を含有し、更に必要に応じてその他の成分を含有してなる。
前記エポキシ樹脂としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂、ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂、ノボラック型エポキシ樹脂や、それらの変性エポキシ樹脂などの熱硬化性エポキシ樹脂、などが挙げられる。これらは、1種単独で使用してもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。
前記カルボン酸としては、飽和脂肪族系ジカルボン酸、不飽和脂肪族系ジカルボン酸、環状脂肪族系ジカルボン酸、アミノ基含有カルボン酸、水酸基含有カルボン酸、複素環系ジカルボン酸、及びこれらの混合物の群から選択されることが好ましい。具体的には、コハク酸、グルタル酸、アジピン酸、アゼライン酸、ドデカン2酸、イタコン酸、メサコン酸、シクロブタンジカルボン酸、L−グルタミン酸、クエン酸、リンゴ酸、チオプロピオン酸、チオジブチル酸、ジチオグリコール酸などが挙げられる。
前記溶剤としては、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール等のアルコール類、ジエチレングリコールモノヘキシルエーテル、オクタンジオールなどが挙げられる。
前記その他の成分として、例えば、チクソ剤、キレート化剤、界面活性剤、酸化防止剤等の添加剤が添加されていてもよい。
前記エポキシ系フラックス材料としては、特に制限はなく、適宜合成したものを使用してもよいし、市販品を使用してもよい。
−ロジン系フラックス材料−
前記ロジン系フラックス材料としては、ロジン樹脂、活性剤、及び溶剤を含有し、更に必要に応じてその他の成分を含有してなる。
前記ロジン樹脂としては、天然ロジン樹脂又は変性ロジン樹脂を主成分とするものが挙げられる。前記変性ロジン樹脂としては、例えば重合ロジン、水添ロジン、フェノール樹脂変性ロジン、マレイン酸変性ロジンなどが挙げられる。
前記活性剤としては、無機系活性剤、有機系活性剤が挙げられ、例えばアミン塩酸塩等のハロゲン系活性剤、有機酸系活性剤等が挙げられる。
前記溶剤としては、例えばジエチレングリコールモノヘキシルエーテル、オクタンジオールなどが挙げられる。
前記その他の成分として、例えばチクソ剤、キレート化剤、界面活性剤、酸化防止剤等の添加剤が添加されていてもよい。
前記ロジン系フラックス材料としては、特に制限はなく、適宜合成したものを使用してもよいし、市販品を使用してもよい。
前記フラックス成分の前記導電性接合材料における含有量は、5質量%〜50質量%が好ましく、10質量%〜30質量%がより好ましい。
<<その他の成分>>
前記導電性接合材料は、前記金属成分及び前記フラックス成分以外にも、必要に応じてその他の成分を含有することができ、前記その他の成分としては、例えば、分散剤、酸化防止剤などが挙げられる。
ここで、図面を参照して本発明の導電性接合材料について説明する。
図4は、本発明の導電性接合材料20の一例を示す概略図である。この導電性接合材料20は、高融点金属粒子(Sn−58BiめっきCu粒子、融点1,083℃)21と、中融点金属粒子(Sn−58Bi粒子、融点139℃)22と、低融点金属粒子(17Sn−58Bi−25In粒子、融点79℃)23とからなる金属成分と、フラックス成分3とから構成されている。この導電性接合材料20の初期融点は、低融点金属粒子(17Sn−58Bi−25In粒子)の融点に基づく79℃である。
この導電性接合材料20を一次熱処理(79℃〜138℃)すると、金属結合状態(1)が形成される。この金属結合状態(1)の融点は、中融点金属粒子(Sn−58Bi粒子)22の融点に基づく79℃〜139℃であり、融点が139℃以下の低融点成分が残存している。
次に、この金属結合状態(1)を二次熱処理(150℃以下)すると、低融点金属粒子(17Sn−58Bi−25In粒子)23及び中融点金属粒子(Sn−58Bi粒子)22のSnが、高融点金属粒子(Sn−BiめっきCu粒子)21に拡散し、Bi偏析層4とCu−Sn系金属間化合物5、Cu−In系金属間化合物24、及びCu−Sn−In系三元系金属間化合物25を形成し、金属結合状態(2)となり、融点が約250℃以上に上昇する。
また、図5は、本発明の導電性接合材料30の他の一例を示す概略図である。この導電性接合材料30は、高融点金属粒子(Sn−58BiめっきCu粒子、融点1,083℃)21と、この高融点金属粒子表面に、中融点金属粒子(Sn−58Bi粒子、融点139℃)からなる中融点金属層22’と、低融点金属粒子(17Sn−58Bi−25In粒子、融点79℃)からなる低融点金属層23’とをこの順に有する多層金属粒子と、フラックス成分3とから構成されている。
この導電性接合材料30を一次熱処理(79℃〜138℃)すると、金属結合状態(1)が形成される。この金属結合状態(1)の融点は、中融点金属粒子(Sn−58Bi粒子)からなる中融点金属層22’の融点に基づく79℃〜139℃であり、融点が139℃以下の低融点成分が残存している。
次に、この金属結合状態(1)を二次熱処理(150℃以下)すると、低融点金属粒子(17Sn−58Bi−25In粒子)23及び中融点金属粒子(Sn−58Bi粒子)22のSnが、高融点金属粒子(Sn−BiめっきCu粒子)21に拡散し、Bi偏析層4とCu−Sn系金属間化合物5、Cu−In系金属間化合物24、及びCu−Sn−In系三元系金属間化合物25を形成し、金属結合状態(2)となり、融点が約250℃以上に上昇する。
ここで、上述したように、一次熱処理後の金属結合状態(1)の導電性接合材料を二次熱処理することにより、Sn−Bi合金、又はSn−Bi−In合金のSn、及びInがCuへ拡散する。それに伴いBi偏析層が形成され、金属結合状態(2)となる。その結果、図6Aに示すように、Bi偏析層の融点は、Biの含有量を95質量%以上とすることで、金属結合状態(2)の融点が250℃以上となることが分かる。
また、二次熱処理により導電性接合材料から、SnのCuへの拡散により、Cu−Sn金属間化合物層が形成され、金属結合状態(2)となる。その結果、図6Bに示すように、Cu−Sn系金属間化合物層の融点は、Cuの含有量を3質量%以上とすることで、金属結合状態(2)の融点が250℃以上となることが分かる。
また、二次熱処理により導電性接合材料から、InのCuへの拡散により、Cu−In金属間化合物層が形成され、金属結合状態(2)となる。その結果、図6Cに示すように、Cu−In系金属間化合物層の融点は、Cuの含有量を3質量%以上とすることで、金属結合状態(2)の融点が250℃以上となることが分かる。
本発明の導電性接合材料は、前記金属成分、前記フラックス成分、及び必要に応じてその他の成分を混合させて調製される。前記混合の方法及び条件としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、公知の混合装置、撹拌装置などを用いて行うことができ、非酸化雰囲気中で均一に撹拌することが好ましい。
本発明の導電性接合材料は、従来困難であった導電性接合材料供給工程、及び転写工程を選択することができ、基板と電子部品を150℃以下の低温で効率よく接合することができるので、導電性接合材料を用いる各種分野に用いることができるが、以下に説明する本発明の導体の接合方法、及び本発明の半導体の製造方法に好適に用いることができる。
(導体の接合方法)
本発明の導体の接合方法は、導電性接合材料供給工程と、一次熱処理工程とを含み、二次熱処理工程、更に必要に応じてその他の工程を含んでなる。
<導電性接合材料供給工程>
前記導電性接合材料供給工程は、本発明の前記導電性接合材料を、基板の電極及び電子部品の端子のいずれかに供給する工程である。
<<基板>>
前記基板としては、その形状、構造、大きさ等については、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、前記形状としては、例えば平板状などが挙げられ、前記構造としては、単層構造であってもいし、積層構造であってもよく、前記大きさとしては、前記電極層の大きさ等に応じて適宜選択することができる。
前記基板としては、例えば、ガラス基板、石英基板、シリコン基板、SiO膜被覆シリコン基板;エポキシ樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ポリエチレンテレフタレート基板、ポリカーボネート基板、ポリスチレン基板、ポリメチルメタクリレート基板等のポリマー基板、などが挙げられる。これらは、1種単独で使用してもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。これらの中でも、ガラス基板、石英基板、シリコン基板、及びSiO膜被覆シリコン基板から選択されるのが好ましく、シリコン基板及びSiO膜被覆シリコン基板が特に好ましい。
前記基板は、適宜合成したものであってもよいし、市販品を使用してもよい。
前記基板の厚みとしては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、100μm以上が好ましく、500μm以上がより好ましい。
前記基板としては、配線パターンが形成された配線回路基板が用いられ、該回路基板は、単層回路基板(単層プリント配線基板)であってもよいし、多層回路基板(多層プリント配線基板)であってもよい。
前記回路基板の電極を構成する金属としては、例えば、Cu、Ag、Au、Ni、Sn、Al、Ti、Pd、Siなどの金属が挙げられる。これらの中でも、Cu、Ag、Auが特に好ましい。これらはメッキや貼り合わせ等の各種処理で基板上の電極金属の表面部分として形成されていることができる。なお、導電性接合材料を基板上の電極金属に塗布する場合は、導電性接合材料と基板上の電極金属との接続を良好にするために基板上の電極金属に対して表面被覆処理が行われているのが一般的であり、例えば銅電極では、一例として該電極上にメッキで形成したSn、Au、Ni等の薄膜が形成されている。特に、上記金属のうちAu以外は、金属表面が酸化され易いため、はんだペーストを塗布する前にフラックス等で表面処理したり、又はプリフラックスコートしたり、各種金属メッキやはんだ被覆を行うことが好ましい。
−電子部品−
前記電子部品としては、端子を有するものである限り特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択した公知の部材等を有してなり、各種分野において好適に使用可能な半導体素子、半導体パッケージ、例えばフラッシュメモリ、DRAM、FRAM、MOSトランジスタ等として使用することができる。
<<端子>>
前記端子としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、配線、金属配線、導電性ペーストによる印刷配線などが挙げられる。
前記端子の材質としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、Cu、Ni、Au、Al、Mo、Cr等の金属、ITO、IZO等の金属酸化物、及びそれらの積層体又は複合体、などが挙げられる。
−供給方法−
前記導電性接合材料の供給方法としては、導電性接合材料を一定の厚み又は一定の塗布量で付与できれば特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、スクリーン印刷、転写印刷、ディスペンス吐出、インクジェット法、などが挙げられる。
前記スクリーン印刷では、マスク版を用いた印刷機を使用できる。印刷機は、典型的には、基板又は電子部品を固定する機構と、メタルマスクと基板の電極又は電子部品の端子の位置合わせを行う機構と、マスク版を基板又は電子部品に圧接し、そのマスク上からマスク下にある基板の電極又は電子部品の端子に対して開口部から導電性接合材料を塗布用のスキージで刷り込む機構とを有している。マスク版としてはメッシュタイプやメタルタイプなどの各種材質が存在するが、粒子サイズに幅広く対応し、工程での清掃も容易なメタルマスクタイプが一般に広く用いられている。
前記転写印刷は、導電性接合材料の一定塗膜厚みの平塗り塗膜を一定のクリアランスを持つスキージなどで形成した後に、その塗膜をスタンパーで抜き取って基板の電極又は電子部品の端子にスタンプすることで、基板の電極又は電子部品の端子に導電性接合材料を一定量配置する方式であり、専用の転写印刷装置が用いられる。転写印刷装置は、平塗り塗膜を塗布する塗布機構と、基板を固定し基板の電極位置を合わせる機構と、三次元的にスタンパーを駆動させて抜き取り及び転写押印を行う機構とを有している。転写印刷はスクリーン印刷に比べて塗布量がばらつきやすく、スタンパーの清掃管理など連続運転に注意を要することもあり、印刷方式としてはスクリーン印刷が主流になっている。
前記ディスペンス吐出は、基板上の電極又は電子部品の端子に、一定量の導電性接合材料を吐出していく方式であり、ディスペンサー装置が用いられる。ディスペンサーは、シリンジ内に収められた導電性接合材料に対して吐出に必要な圧力をオンデマンドでかけることによって一定量の導電性接合材料をシリンジ先端のニードルから押し出すものであり、シリンジ自体を三次元的に駆動させ基板上の電極部分の位置を決めることで電極上に必要量の導電性接合材料を吐出塗布する装置である。ニードルからの吐出という手法に起因して、ペースト自体がスクリーン印刷に比べて薄くなりにくいという欠点はあるが、工程上でのペーストのロスも少なく、吐出の位置や量がプログラムによって可変であるため、印刷マスク版を圧接しにくい段差や凹凸のある基板及び電子部品への導電性接合材料の塗布が可能である。
前記インクジェット法は、微細なノズルから導電性接合材料を吐出させて基板上の電極又は電子部品の端子に塗布する方法である。
<一次熱処理工程>
前記一次熱処理工程は、供給された導電性接合材料を、中融点金属粒子の融点未満の温度で熱処理し、前記基板の電極及び電子部品の端子のいずれかに溶着させる工程である。
前記一次熱処理は、中融点金属粒子の融点未満の温度で5秒行うことが好ましく、具体的には、70℃〜100℃で3秒〜7秒行うことが好ましい。
前記一次熱処理は、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば窒素リフロー装置などにより行うことができる。
前記一次熱処理は、大気中で行ってもよいが、窒素雰囲気中で行うことがより好ましい。
<二次熱処理工程>
前記二次熱処理工程は、溶着した導電性接合材料を加熱し、基板の電極と電子部品の端子を接合する工程である。
前記二次熱処理工程は、基板の電極又は電子部品の端子に供給され、溶着された導電性接合材料に電子部品又は基板を配置した状態で、一定の温度を印加する工程であり、一般的に、はんだ熱処理に適合する炉を持つリフロー装置、高温槽などが用いられる。
前記リフロー装置を用いたリフロー熱処理の際の加熱方式としては、赤外線印加や熱風印加などの方式が主流であり、リフロー熱処理時の炉内の雰囲気は空気の場合と窒素の場合があるが、電子部品やはんだ接合部の酸化による劣化を防ぐ意味で、近年の高密度高精度実装においては窒素雰囲気のリフロー炉が多用されている。
前記二次熱処理は、中融点金属粒子の融点以上150℃以下の温度で30分以上行うことが好ましく、85℃〜150℃で30分〜120分行うことが好ましい。
前記二次熱処理は、大気中で行ってもよいが、窒素雰囲気中で行うことがより好ましい。
ここで、図7は、本発明の導体の接合方法の一例を示す概略図である。
まず、Cu電極7を設けた基板6に、本発明の導電性接合材料20をスクリーン印刷により印刷する。本発明の導電性接合材料20の初期融点は79℃である。
次に、印刷した導電性接合材料20を一次熱処理(79℃〜139℃)し、導電性接合材料20を基板の電極7上に溶着(プリコート)させる。一次熱処理後においても導電性接合材料0には融点が139℃以下の低融点成分が残っている。
次に、導電性接合材料20が溶着した基板6上にAuバンプ9付きSiチップ8を配置し、これを二次熱処理(150℃)し、Auバンプ9付きSiチップ8を基板6に実装する。この二次熱処理により、金属結合状態が変化して融点が250℃以上となっている。
また、図8は、本発明の導体の接合方法の他の一例を示す概略図である。
まず、ザグリ治具31の凹部に、本発明の前記導電性接合材料20をスキージにより充填し、これにAuバンプ9付きSiチップ8を押し付け、一次熱処理(79℃〜139℃)し、導電性接合材料20をSiチップ8のAuバンプ9上に溶着(プリコート)する。一次熱処理後においても導電性接合材料20には融点が139℃以下の低融点成分が残っている。
次に、導電性接合材料20が溶着したAuバンプ9付きチップ8をCu電極7を設けた基板6上に配置し、これを二次熱処理(150℃)し、Auバンプ9付きSiチップ8を基板6にフェイスダウン実装する。この二次熱処理により、金属結合状態が変化して融点が250℃以上となっている。
(半導体装置の製造方法)
本発明の半導体装置の製造方法は、本発明の前記導体の接合工程を少なくとも含み、更に必要に応じてその他の工程を含んでなる。
前記導体の接合工程は、本発明の導体の接合方法と同様にして行うことができる。
前記その他の工程としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、金属配線をパターニングする工程、絶縁膜を形成する工程などが挙げられる。
本発明の半導体装置の製造方法によると、例えば、フラッシュメモリ、DRAM、FRAM、等を初めとする各種半導体装置を効率よく製造することができる。
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明は、これらの実施例に何ら制限されるものではない。
なお、実施例において、金属粒子の融点、金属粒子の平均粒径、並びに低融点金属層及び中融点金属層の平均厚みは、以下のようにして測定した。
<金属粒子の融点の測定>
金属粒子の融点は、示差走査熱量測定(DSC)(セイコーインスツル株式会社製、DSC6200)にて、温度勾配0.5℃/sec、測定温度範囲25℃〜250℃の条件で測定した。
<金属粒子の平均粒径の測定>
金属粒子の平均粒径は、粒度分布計(島津レーザ回折式粒度分布測定装置、SALD−3100)を用い、金属粒子を気相分散し、赤色半導体レーザを照射し、受光素子に入力された粒子の回折・散乱光のパターンを標準パターンと比較解析し、粒子径とカウント数を集計し、平均粒径を算出した。
<低融点金属層及び中融点金属層の平均厚みの測定>
低融点金属層及び中融点金属層の平均厚みは、断面研磨(BUEHLER社製、GRINOER−POLISHER(Beta))で低融点金属層及び中融点金属層の厚みを10回測定し、平均値で表した。
(実施例1)
−導電性接合材料の作製−
・高融点金属粒子(Sn−58BiめっきCu粒子、融点1,083℃(Cu)、平均粒径40μm)80質量%と、中融点金属粒子(Sn−58Bi粒子、融点139℃)10質量%と、低融点金属粒子(17Sn−58Bi−25In粒子、融点79℃)10質量%とからなる金属成分・・・90質量%
・エポキシ系フラックス材料(富士通クオリティラボ株式会社製、F・Stick FTLD5)からなるフラックス成分・・・10質量%
前記金属成分と前記フラックス成分を非酸化雰囲気中で均一に撹拌することにより、実施例1の導電性接合材料を作製した。
(実施例2)
−導電性接合材料の作製−
実施例1において、高融点金属粒子(Sn−58BiめっきCu粒子、融点1,083℃(Cu)、平均粒径40μm)80質量%と、中融点金属粒子(Sn−58Bi粒子、融点139℃)5質量%と、低融点金属粒子(17Sn−58Bi−25In粒子、融点79℃)15質量%とからなる金属成分を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例2の導電性接合材料を作製した。
(実施例3)
−導電性接合材料の作製−
実施例1において、高融点金属粒子(Sn−58BiめっきCu粒子、融点1,083℃(Cu)、平均粒径40μm)80質量%と、中融点金属粒子(Sn−58Bi粒子、融点139℃)15質量%と、低融点金属粒子(17Sn−58Bi−25In粒子、融点79℃)5質量%とからなる金属成分を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例3の導電性接合材料を作製した。
(実施例4)
−導電性接合材料の作製−
実施例1において、高融点金属粒子(Sn−58BiめっきCu粒子、融点1,083℃(Cu)、平均粒径40μm)85質量%と、中融点金属粒子(Sn−58Bi粒子、融点139℃)7.5質量%と、低融点金属粒子(17Sn−58Bi−25In粒子、融点79℃)7.5質量%とからなる金属成分を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例4の導電性接合材料を作製した。
(実施例5)
−導電性接合材料の作製−
実施例1において、高融点金属粒子(Sn−58BiめっきCu粒子、融点1,083℃(Cu)、平均粒径40μm)90質量%と、中融点金属粒子(Sn−58Bi粒子、融点139℃)5質量%と、低融点金属粒子(17Sn−58Bi−25In粒子、融点79℃)5質量%とからなる金属成分を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例5の導電性接合材料を作製した。
(実施例6)
−導電性接合材料の作製−
実施例1において、高融点金属粒子(Sn−58BiめっきCu粒子、融点1,083℃(Cu)、平均粒径40μm)95質量%と、中融点金属粒子(Sn−58Bi粒子、融点139℃)2.5質量%と、低融点金属粒子(17Sn−58Bi−25In粒子、融点79℃)2.5質量%とからなる金属成分を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例6の導電性接合材料を作製した。
(実施例7)
−導電性接合材料の作製−
実施例1において、高融点金属粒子(Sn−58BiめっきCu粒子、融点1,083℃(Cu)、平均粒径40μm)75質量%と、中融点金属粒子(Sn−58Bi粒子、融点139℃)12.5質量%と、低融点金属粒子(17Sn−58Bi−25In粒子、融点79℃)12.5質量%とからなる金属成分を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例7の導電性接合材料を作製した。
(実施例8)
−導電性接合材料の作製−
実施例4において、高融点金属粒子(Sn−58BiめっきCu粒子)を、高融点金属粒子(AgめっきCu粒子、融点1,083℃(Cu)、平均粒径40μm)に代えた以外は、実施例4と同様にして、実施例8の導電性接合材料を作製した。
(実施例9)
−導電性接合材料の作製−
実施例4において、高融点金属粒子(Sn−58BiめっきCu粒子)を、高融点金属粒子(AuめっきCu粒子、融点1,083℃(Cu)、平均粒径40μm)に代えた以外は、実施例4と同様にして、実施例9の導電性接合材料を作製した。
(実施例10)
−導電性接合材料の作製−
実施例4において、中融点金属粒子(Sn−58Bi粒子、融点139℃)を、中融点金属粒子(Sn−57Bi−1Ag、融点139℃)に代えた以外は、実施例4と同様にして、実施例10の導電性接合材料を作製した。
(実施例11)
−導電性接合材料の作製−
実施例4において、低融点金属粒子(17Sn−58Bi−25In粒子、融点79℃)を、低融点金属粒子(12Sn−41Bi−47In、融点59℃)に代えた以外は、実施例4と同様にして、実施例11の導電性接合材料を作製した。
(実施例12)
−導電性接合材料の作製−
実施例4において、エポキシ系フラックス材料を、ロジン系フラックス材料(富士通クオリティラボ株式会社製、F・Stick FTLD4)に代えた以外は、実施例4と同様にして、実施例12の導電性接合材料を作製した。
(実施例13)
<導電性接合材料の作製>
−多層金属粒子の作製−
高融点金属粒子(Cu粒子、融点1,083℃、平均粒径40μm)の表面に、中融点金属粒子(Sn−58Bi粒子、融点139℃)からなる中融点金属層を平均厚みが1μmとなるように無電解めっきにより形成した。
次に、中融点金属層上に、低融点金属粒子(17Sn−58Bi−25In粒子、融点79℃)からなる低融点金属層を平均厚みが1μmとなるように無電解めっきにより形成した。以上により、金属成分としての多層金属粒子を作製した。
−導電性接合材料の作製−
・作製した多層金属粒子・・・90質量%
・エポキシ系フラックス材料(富士通クオリティラボ株式会社製、F・Stick FTLD5)・・・10質量%
前記金属成分と前記フラックス成分を非酸化雰囲気中で均一に撹拌することにより、実施例13の導電性接合材料を作製した。
(実施例14)
−導電性接合材料の作製−
実施例13において、高融点金属粒子(Cu粒子、融点1,083℃、平均粒径40μm)を、高融点金属粒子(Cu粒子、融点1,083℃、平均粒径35μm)に代えた以外は、実施例13と同様にして、実施例14の導電性接合材料を作製した。
(実施例15)
−導電性接合材料の作製−
実施例13において、高融点金属粒子(Cu粒子、融点1,083℃、平均粒径40μm)を、高融点金属粒子(Cu粒子、融点1,083℃、平均粒径45μm)に代えた以外は、実施例13と同様にして、実施例15の導電性接合材料を作製した。
(実施例16)
−導電性接合材料の作製−
実施例13において、中融点金属層及び低融点金属層の平均厚みを0.5μmとした以外は、実施例13と同様にして、実施例16の導電性接合材料を作製した。
(実施例17)
−導電性接合材料の作製−
実施例13において、高融点金属粒子(Cu粒子、融点1,083℃、平均粒径40μm)の表面に、低融点金属粒子(17Sn−58Bi−25In粒子、融点79℃)からなる低融点金属層を平均厚みが1μmとなるように無電解めっきにより形成し、次に、低融点金属層上に、中融点金属粒子(Sn−58Bi粒子、融点139℃)からなる中融点金属層を平均厚みが1μmとなるように無電解めっきにより形成した以外は、実施例13と同様にして、実施例17の導電性接合材料を作製した。
(比較例1)
−導電性接合材料の作製−
実施例1において、低融点金属粒子(17Sn−58Bi−25In粒子、融点79℃)を添加しない以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較例1の導電性接合材料を作製した。
(比較例2)
−導電性接合材料の作製−
実施例1において、中融点金属粒子(Sn−58Bi粒子、融点139℃)を添加しない以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較例2の導電性接合材料を作製した。
(比較例3)
−導電性接合材料の作製−
実施例1において、高融点金属粒子(Sn−58BiめっきCu粒子、融点1,083℃(Cu)、平均粒径40μm)を添加しない以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較例3の導電性接合材料を作製した。
次に、作製した各導電性接合材料を用いて、以下のようにして、諸特性を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
<導電性接合材料を供給時の性能評価>
各導電性接合材料を用い、導電性接合材料を供給時の性能評価として、スクリーン印刷により基板に印刷(供給)し、スクリーン印刷版の抜け性を下記基準で判定した。
〔評価基準〕
○:版の抜けが良く、良好
△:版の抜けが悪いが、実使用可能なレベル
×:版の抜けが悪く、不良
<電子部品実装時の性能評価>
各導電性接合材料を用い、電子部品実装時の性能評価として、はんだの濡れ性を外観検査することにより、下記基準で判定した。
〔評価基準〕
○:はんだの濡れ性が良好である
△:はんだの濡れ性がやや悪い(実使用可能レベル)
×:はんだの濡れ性が不良である
<半導体装置の性能評価>
各導電性接合材料を用い、半導体装置の性能評価として、デージーチェーン付きTEG(Test Equipment Group)を製作し、導通テスタにより導通チェックを行い、下記基準で評価した。
〔評価基準〕
○:導通が良好である
△:導通がやや悪い(実使用可能レベル)
×:導通が不良である
(実施例18)
実施例18の半導体装置の製造方法について、図9を参照して説明する。
(1)直径30μmのCu電極7を設けた基板(サブストレート基板)6に実施例1の導電性接合材料20をスクリーン印刷により印刷(供給)した。
(2)印刷した導電性接合材料20を100℃で5間加熱(一次熱処理)し、導電性接合材料20を基板の電極7上に溶着(プリコート)した。
(3)導電性接合材料20が溶着した基板上にAuバンプ9付きSiチップ8を配置し、これを150℃で30分加熱(二次熱処理)し、Auバンプ9付きSiチップ8を基板6にフェイスダウン実装した。
(4)基板6とSiチップ8の間に、アンダーフィル材(エポキシ系熱硬化材料)32を充填した。
(5)アンダーフィル材32のキュア(導電性接合材料20の融点変化のためのキュアを兼ねる)を150℃で1時間30分行い、Siチップ8を実装した。この際、導電性接合材料20の融点は250℃以上となっている。
以上により、図9に示すフリップチップ実装された半導体装置が作製された。
(実施例19)
実施例19の半導体装置の製造方法について、図9を参照して説明する。
(1)直径25μmのAuめっき電極7を設けた基板(サブストレート基板)6に、実施例13の導電性接合材料20をスクリーン印刷により印刷(供給)した。
(2)印刷した導電性接合材料20を100℃で5秒間加熱(一次熱処理)し、導電性接合材料20を基板の電極7上に溶着(プリコート)した。
(3)導電性接合材料20が溶着した基板上にAuバンプ9付きSiチップ8を配置し、これを150℃で30分加熱(二次熱処理)し、Auバンプ9付きSiチップ8を基板6にフェイスダウン実装した。
(4)基板6とSiチップ8の間に、アンダーフィル材(エポキシ系熱硬化材料)32を充填した。
(5)アンダーフィル材32のキュア(導電性接合材料20の融点変化のためのキュアを兼ねる)を150℃で1時間30分行い、Siチップ8を実装した。この際、導電性接合材料20の融点は250℃以上となっている。
以上により、図9に示すフリップチップ実装された半導体装置が作製された。
(実施例20)
実施例20の半導体装置の製造方法について、図10を参照して説明する。
(1)ザグリ治具(シリコン基板)31の凹部に実施例1の導電性接合材料20をスキージ(メタルスキージ)により充填し、これに直径25μmのAuバンプ9付きSiチップ8を押し付け、100℃で5秒間加熱(一次熱処理)し、導電性接合材料20をSiチップ8のAuバンプ9上に溶着(プリコート)した。
(2)導電性接合材料20が溶着したAuバンプ付きチップ8を直径30μmのCu電極7を設けた基板6上に配置し、これを150℃で30分間加熱(二次熱処理)し、Auバンプ付きSiチップ8を基板(サブストレート基板)6にフェイスダウン実装した。
(3)基板6とSiチップ8の間に、アンダーフィル材(エポキシ系熱硬化材料)32を充填した。
(4)アンダーフィル材32のキュア(導電性接合材料20の融点変化のためのキュアを兼ねる)を150℃で1時間30分行い、Siチップ8を実装した。この際、導電性接合材料の融点は250℃以上となっている。
以上により、図10に示すフリップチップ実装された半導体装置が作製された。
(実施例21)
実施例21の半導体装置の製造方法について、図11を参照して説明する。
(1)一対のCu電極33を設けた基板(サブストレート基板)6上に、実施例13の導電性接合材料30をスクリーン印刷により印刷(供給)した。
(2)印刷した導電性接合材料30を100℃で5秒間加熱(一次熱処理)し、導電性接合材料30を基板の電極33上に溶着(プリコート)した。
(3)一対のCu電極33間に、0.6mm×0.3mmの0630の角型のSMDチップ8を配置し、これを150℃で30分加熱(二次熱処理)し、SMDチップ8を基板6に実装した。この際、導電性接合材料の融点は250℃以上となっている。
以上により、図11に示すSMDチップが実装された半導体装置が作製された。
以上の実施例1〜21を含む実施形態に関し、更に以下の付記を開示する。
(付記1)融点が150℃以上の高融点金属粒子と、融点が80℃以上139℃以下の中融点金属粒子と、融点が79℃以下の低融点金属粒子とからなる金属成分を含むことを特徴とする導電性接合材料。
(付記2)高融点金属粒子の金属成分における含有量が80質量%〜90質量%、中融点金属粒子の金属成分における含有量が5質量%〜15質量%、低融点金属粒子の金属成分における含有量が5質量%〜15質量%である付記1に記載の導電性接合材料。
(付記3)高融点金属粒子が、Au粒子、Ag粒子、Cu粒子、AuめっきCu粒子、Sn−BiめっきCu粒子、及びAgめっきCu粒子から選択される少なくとも1種である付記1から2のいずれかに記載の導電性接合材料。
(付記4)高融点金属粒子が、AuめっきCu粒子、Sn−BiめっきCu粒子、及びAgめっきCu粒子のいずれかである付記1から3のいずれかに記載の導電性接合材料。
(付記5)低融点金属粒子がSn−Bi−In粒子であり、中融点金属粒子がSn−Bi粒子である付記1から4のいずれかに記載の導電性接合材料。
(付記6)金属成分が、高融点金属粒子表面に、中融点金属粒子から形成された中融点金属層と、低融点金属粒子から形成された低融点金属層とをこの順に有する多層金属粒子である付記1から5のいずれかに記載の導電性接合材料。
(付記7)高融点金属粒子の平均粒径が40μm以下であり、中融点金属層の平均厚みが1μm以上であり、低融点金属層の平均厚みが1μm以上である付記6に記載の導電性接合材料。
(付記8)金属成分の含有量が、導電性接合材料に対し50質量%〜95質量%である付記1から7のいずれかに記載の導電性接合材料。
(付記9)エポキシ系フラックス材料及びロジン系フラックス材料の少なくともいずれかからなるフラックス成分を含有する付記1から8のいずれかに記載の導電性接合材料。
(付記10)フラックス成分の含有量が、導電性接合材料に対し5質量%〜50質量%である付記9に記載の導電性接合材料。
(付記11)付記1から10のいずれかに記載の導電性接合材料を、基板の電極及び電子部品の端子のいずれかに供給する工程と、
供給された導電性接合材料を中融点金属粒子の融点未満の温度で加熱し、前記基板の電極及び電子部品の端子のいずれかに溶着させる工程とを少なくとも含むことを特徴とする導体の接合方法。
(付記12)基板の電極及び電子部品の端子のいずれかに溶着した導電性接合材料を加熱して、前記基板と前記電子部品を接合する工程を含む付記11に記載の導体の接合方法。
(付記13)中融点金属粒子の融点以上150℃以下の温度で加熱する付記12に記載の導体の接合方法。
(付記14)付記11から13のいずれかに記載の導体の接合工程を少なくとも含むことを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。
1 高融点金属粒子(Sn−BiめっきCu粒子)
2 低融点金属粒子(Sn−58Bi粒子)
3 フラックス成分
4 Bi偏析層
5 Cu−Sn系金属間化合物
6 基板
7 電極
8 電子部品
9 端子
10 従来の導電性接合材料(融点変化型低温金属ペースト)
11 中融点金属粒子(17Sn−58Bi−25In粒子)
20 導電性接合材料
21 高融点金属粒子(Sn−BiめっきCu粒子)
22 中融点金属粒子(Sn−58Bi粒子)
22’ 中融点金属層
23 低融点金属粒子(17Sn−58Bi−25In粒子)
23’ 低融点金属層
30 導電性接合材料
31 ザグリ治具
32 アンダーフィル材

Claims (10)

  1. 融点が150℃以上の高融点金属粒子と、融点が80℃以上139℃以下の中融点金属粒子と、融点が79℃以下の低融点金属粒子とからなる金属成分を含むことを特徴とする導電性接合材料。
  2. 高融点金属粒子の金属成分における含有量が80質量%〜90質量%、中融点金属粒子の金属成分における含有量が5質量%〜15質量%、低融点金属粒子の金属成分における含有量が5質量%〜15質量%である請求項1に記載の導電性接合材料。
  3. 高融点金属粒子が、Au粒子、Ag粒子、Cu粒子、AuめっきCu粒子、Sn−BiめっきCu粒子、及びAgめっきCu粒子から選択される少なくとも1種である請求項1から2のいずれかに記載の導電性接合材料。
  4. 低融点金属粒子がSn−Bi−In粒子であり、中融点金属粒子がSn−Bi粒子である請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の導電性接合材料。
  5. 金属成分が、高融点金属粒子表面に、中融点金属粒子から形成された中融点金属層と、低融点金属粒子から形成された低融点金属層とをこの順に有する多層金属粒子である請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の導電性接合材料。
  6. 高融点金属粒子の平均粒径が40μm以下であり、中融点金属層の平均厚みが1μm以上であり、低融点金属層の平均厚みが1μm以上である請求項5に記載の導電性接合材料。
  7. エポキシ系フラックス材料及びロジン系フラックス材料の少なくともいずれかからなるフラックス成分を含有する請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の導電性接合材料。
  8. 請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の導電性接合材料を、基板の電極及び電子部品の端子のいずれかに供給する工程と、
    供給された導電性接合材料を中融点金属粒子の融点未満の温度で加熱し、前記基板の電極及び電子部品の端子のいずれかに溶着させる工程とを少なくとも含むことを特徴とする導体の接合方法。
  9. 基板の電極及び電子部品の端子のいずれかに溶着した導電性接合材料を加熱して、前記基板と前記電子部品を接合する工程を含む請求項8に記載の導体の接合方法。
  10. 請求項8から9のいずれかに記載の導体の接合工程を少なくとも含むことを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。
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