JP2012149100A - グルコマンナン、キサンタンガムおよびアルギナートを含む食物繊維組成物 - Google Patents
グルコマンナン、キサンタンガムおよびアルギナートを含む食物繊維組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012149100A JP2012149100A JP2012110472A JP2012110472A JP2012149100A JP 2012149100 A JP2012149100 A JP 2012149100A JP 2012110472 A JP2012110472 A JP 2012110472A JP 2012110472 A JP2012110472 A JP 2012110472A JP 2012149100 A JP2012149100 A JP 2012149100A
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- dietary fiber
- alginate
- fiber composition
- viscosity
- glucomannan
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Abstract
【解決手段】本発明の一局面は、所望の粘度を生じさせるための有効量のグルコマンナン、キサンタンガムおよびアルギナートを含む食物繊維組成物を提供する。本発明はまた、有効量の食物繊維組成物を含む食品を提供する。他の局面において、本発明は、食物繊維組成物または食物繊維組成物を含む食品を調製するための方法、および哺乳動物において、飽満を促進する、体重減少を促進する、血中グルコースレベルを低下させる、または血中コレステロールを低下させるための方法を提供する。
【選択図】なし
Description
(関連出願の相互参照)
本出願は、2005年4月12日出願の米国仮特許出願第60/670,944号の利益を主張している。
本発明は、食物繊維組成物、ならびに食欲を抑制し、体重減少を促進し、血中グルコースレベルおよび血中コレステロールレベルを低下させるためのそれらの使用に関する。
糖尿病および低血糖症は、2型糖尿病の発生に繋がり得る状態であり、ますます一般的になってきた。そのような状態は、細胞のインシュリン抵抗性が増大することによることが見出された。従来、糖尿病状態は、血糖を調節するためにインシュリン注射および種々の薬剤を用いて管理されている。しかしながら、食餌および体重減少が、糖尿病と関連づけられる多くの代謝異常を矯正するのに主要な役割を果たしている(非特許文献1)。高い血糖上昇指数を有する食料の高摂取は、過食および肥満をもたらすことが知られている(非特許文献2)。したがって、糖尿病状態ならびに体重減少の管理に使用される薬剤はいずれも血糖上昇指数が低いことが好ましい。最も好ましいのは、そのような薬剤が食品の血糖上昇指数を低下させる場合である。
炭水化物摂取の低減もまた、糖尿病状態の管理の成功に必要とされる。食餌カウンセリングは有用であるが、糖尿病患者は、低血糖の状態をより頻繁に経験するにつれ、より大きな食欲を経験する(非特許文献3)。更に、糖尿病患者における血中グルコースレベルを低下させる療法は、体重増加という望ましくない副作用としばしば関連づけられる(非特許文献4)。可溶性繊維の多い食餌は、インシュリン感受性の上昇により糖尿病の危険性を低下させ得ることが報告された(非特許文献5)。これは、血糖調節における食物繊維の果たし得る役割に起因し得る。高粘度の食事は、低粘度の食事と比較して、より大きな満腹感を生じさせることも報告された(非特許文献6)。
本発明の一局面は、食物繊維組成物を提供する。典型的に、この食物繊維組成物は、所望の粘度を生じさせるための有効量のグルコマンナン、キサンタンガムおよびアルギナートを含む。一部の実施形態において、上記食物繊維組成物は、胃条件下で15分後に少なくとも2000センチポアズの粘度を有する。一部の実施形態において、上記食物繊維組成物は、腸条件下で15分後に少なくとも10,000センチポアズの粘度を有する。上記食物繊維組成物の一部の実施形態は、約48%〜約90%(w/w)のグルコマンナン、約5%〜約20%(w/w)のキサンタンガムおよび約5%〜約30%(w/w)のアルギナートを含む。
本発明の前記局面および多くの附帯利益は、以下の詳細な説明を参照してより良く把握され、添付図面と関連させて理解される場合、より容易に認識される。
一局面において、本発明は、グルコマンナン、キサンタンガムおよびアルギナートを含む食物繊維組成物を提供する。本明細書中で使用される場合、「グルコマンナン」は、β−(1,4)結合D−マンノース残基とβ−(1,4)結合D−グルコース残基とを約3:1の比率で含み、更に種々のα結合ガラクトース末端基を含む、水溶性食物繊維をいう。グルコマンナンは、最も一般的には、コンニャクの根(Amorphophallus
konjac)から単離されるが、他の植物源からも単離され得る。「キサンタンガム」は、グルコース、マンノース、グルクロン酸カリウムまたはグルクロン酸ナトリウム、アセテート、ピルベートを含む複合多糖類をいう。「アルギナート」は、マンヌロン酸およびグルロン酸の混合重合体をいう。
この実施例は、胃条件下および腸条件下で所望の粘度プロフィールを提供する粘性繊維混合物(VFB)として言及される典型的な食物繊維組成物中の繊維の選択について記載する。
この実施例は、本発明の典型的な食物繊維組成物(VFB)の消費が、インシュリン感受性の改善および体脂肪の減少をもたらすことを記載している。
et al.(2001)Nutr.Rev.59(5):129−39)。証拠はまた、高可溶性繊維の摂取がインシュリン感受性および血糖症の改善と関連づけられることも示唆している(Salmeron et al.(1997)Diabetes Care 20(4):545−50;Salmeron et al.(1997) JAMA 277(6):462−77;Jenkins et al.(1967)Lancet 2(7999):1251;Doi et al.(1979)Lancet 1(8123):987−8;Shima et al.(1982)Nutr.Rep.Int.26:297−302)。精製された高粘性繊維(Brand et al.(1991)Diabetes Care 14(2):95−101;Wolever
et al.(1992)Diabet.Med.9(5):451−8)(例えば、グァーガム(Jenkins et al.(1977)Lancet 2(8042):779−80;Aro et al.(1981)Diabetologia 21(1):29−33))およびグルコマンナン(Vuksan et al.(2000)Diabetes Care 23(1):9−14)の消費が、インシュリン抵抗性、2型糖尿病およびメタボリックシンドロームに罹っている被検体におけるインシュリン感受性の改善をもたらした(Chiasson et al.(1996)Diabetes Care 19(11):1190−3;Frost et al.(1998)Metabolism 47(10):1245−51)。
1.被検体:この調査には11人の参加者があった。この含める基準を、表10に示す。参加者のベースラインプロフィールを、表11に示す。
1.レオロジー:表13は、5つの異なる粘性可溶性繊維源の粘性を、粘性繊維混合物(VFB)と比較して示している。サンプルの測定値を、Brookfield粘度計(Middleboro、MA)により、1秒間に30のせん断速度で「F」スピンドルを使用し、24時間の時点で1%溶液を用いてとった。データは、3回以上の繰り返しの平均である(cps=センチポアズ)。
血糖(−23.13.5%に対して0.42.3%、P=0.000022)についての曲線下面積およびインスリン血症(−40.54.5%に対して2.02.9%、p=0.000012)についての曲線下面積は、コントロールと比較して、VFBを含む場合に顕著に減少した。これらの減少は、コントロールと比較して、VFBの消費後にインシュリン感受性の顕著な上昇を引き起こした(55.99.2%に対して9.74.5%、P=0.00056)。更に、VFBを用いた3週間に続き、1.4%の体脂肪の減少(p<0.05)を経験したコントロール群と比較して、体脂肪をベースラインから2.8%減少させた。本発明者らは、長期的なVFBの消費が、メタボリックシンドロームにおいてインシュリン感受性を低下させた個体の体脂肪を減少させると結論付けた。考え得る解釈としては、インシュリン感受性の改善が挙げられる。
この実施例は、本発明の食物繊維組成物を含む代替食品製品の典型的な実施形態を提供する。
nodosum由来の中粘性アルギン酸ナトリウム)とを合わせて作製した。典型的な食物繊維混合物(VFB)の組成物を、表19に示す。
この実施例は、本発明の食物繊維組成物(VFB)を含む代替食品製品を消費することのボランティアに対する効果を例示している。
この実施例は、ゼラチンカプセル剤として処方される本発明の食物繊維組成物(VFB)の典型的な実施形態を提供する。
(1)VFB:コンニャク(70%)/キサンタンガム(13%)/アルギナート(17%)
(2)KX:コンニャク(70%)/キサンタンガム(30%)
(3)KA:コンニャク(70%)/アルギナート(30%)。
表25および図7は、通常の条件(蒸留水)下において、VFBの粘度プロフィールを、KXおよびKAの粘度プロフィールと比較している。表26および図8は、胃条件下において、VFBの粘度プロフィールを、KXおよびKAの粘度プロフィールと比較している。表27および図9は、腸条件下において、VFBの粘度プロフィールを、KXおよびKAの粘度プロフィールと比較している。図7、8および9に示すように、KA(コンニャク/アルギナート 70:30)繊維混合物は、一貫して、試験された3つの繊維混合物のうちで最低の粘度を有する。中性条件下および胃条件下において、KX(コンニャク/キサンタンガム 70:30)は、敏速に(例えば、約15分〜20分以内で)最大粘度に達した。VFB混合物(コンニャク(70%)/キサンタンガム(13%)/アルギナート(17%))は、中性条件下においてKAとほぼ同じ粘度で開始し、胃条件下でも腸条件下でも時間の経過により粘度を上昇させ、中性条件下および胃条件下で、最終的に、KXよりも大きな粘度に達する。この組み合わせはまた、胃液と混合する場合、10分後に予想外に高い粘度値を生じさせる。したがって、KXの組み合わせへのアルギナートの添加は、中性条件にてVFBの粘度の低下を予想外に提供し、時間の経過により、KXのみよりも大きな粘度をもたらす。
排他的権利または特権が請求される発明の実施形態は、以下の通りに定義される:
(項目1)
約48%〜約90%(w/w)のグルコマンナン、約5%〜約20%(w/w)のキサンタンガムおよび約5%〜約30%(w/w)のアルギナートを含む、食物繊維組成物。
(項目2)
項目1に記載の食物繊維組成物であって、胃条件下で15分後に少なくとも2000センチポアズの粘度を有する、食物繊維組成物。
(項目3)
項目1に記載の食物繊維組成物であって、腸条件下で15分後に少なくとも10,000センチポアズの粘度を有する、食物繊維組成物。
(項目4)
項目1に記載の食物繊維組成物であって、約50%〜約80%(w/w)のグルコマンナン、約10%〜約20%(w/w)のキサンタンガムおよび約10%〜約20%(w/w)のアルギナートを含む、食物繊維組成物。
(項目5)
項目1に記載の食物繊維組成物であって、約60%〜約80%(w/w)のグルコマンナン、約10%〜約20%(w/w)のキサンタンガムおよび約10%〜約20%(w/w)のアルギナートを含む、食物繊維組成物。
(項目6)
項目1に記載の食物繊維組成物であって、約70%(w/w)のグルコマンナン、約13%〜約17%(w/w)のキサンタンガムおよび約13%〜約17%(w/w)のアルギナートを含む、食物繊維組成物。
(項目7)
項目6に記載の食物繊維組成物であって、約70%(w/w)のグルコマンナン、約13%(w/w)のキサンタンガムおよび約17%(w/w)のアルギナートを含む、食物繊維組成物。
(項目8)
項目6に記載の食物繊維組成物であって、約70%のグルコマンナン、約17%(w/w)のキサンタンガムおよび約13%(w/w)のアルギナートを含む、食物繊維組成物。
(項目9)
哺乳動物被検体において、約1センチポアズ〜約3000センチポアズの初期粘度を生じさせ、摂食後15分以内に少なくとも3倍の粘度上昇を生じさせるための有効量のグルコマンナン、キサンタンガムおよびアルギナートを含む、食物繊維組成物。
(項目10)
項目9に記載の食物繊維組成物であって、約60%〜約90%(w/w)のグルコマンナンを含む、食物繊維組成物。
(項目11)
項目9に記載の食物繊維組成物であって、胃条件下で15分後に少なくとも2000センチポアズの粘度を有する、食物繊維組成物。
(項目12)
項目9に記載の食物繊維組成物であって、腸条件下で15分後に少なくとも10,000センチポアズの粘度を有する、食物繊維組成物。
(項目13)
項目9に記載の食物繊維組成物であって、約30メッシュ〜約60メッシュの顆粒を含む、食物繊維組成物。
(項目14)
項目13に記載の食物繊維組成物であって、30メッシュの顆粒、40メッシュの顆粒および60メッシュの顆粒からなる群より選択される顆粒の組み合わせを含む、食物繊維組成物。
(項目15)
有効量の食物繊維組成物を含む食品であって、該食物繊維組成物が、約48%〜約90%(w/w)のグルコマンナン、約5%〜約20%(w/w)のキサンタンガムおよび約5%〜約30%(w/w)のアルギナートを含む有効量の食物繊維組成物を含む、食品。
(項目16)
項目15に記載の食品であって、栄養補助食品または代替食品である、食品。
(項目17)
項目15に記載の食品であって、約2%〜約20%(w/w)の食物繊維組成物を含む、食品。
(項目18)
項目15に記載の食品であって、前記食物繊維組成物が、約60%〜約80%(w/w)のグルコマンナン、約10%〜約20%(w/w)のキサンタンガムおよび約10%〜約20%(w/w)のアルギナートを含む、食品。
(項目19)
項目15に記載の食品であって、前記食物繊維組成物が、約60%〜約90%(w/w)のグルコマンナン、約5%〜約20%(w/w)のキサンタンガムおよび約5%〜約30%(w/w)のアルギナートを含む、食品。
(項目20)
食物繊維組成物を調製するための方法であって、約1センチポアズ〜約3000センチポアズの初期粘度を生じさせ、摂食後15分以内に少なくとも3倍の粘度上昇を生じさせるために有効な量でグルコマンナン、キサンタンガムおよびアルギナートを合わせる工程を包含する、方法。
(項目21)
項目20に記載の方法であって、前記食物繊維組成物を顆粒化する工程を更に包含する、方法。
(項目22)
項目21に記載の方法であって、前記組成物を、約30メッシュ〜約60メッシュの範囲の顆粒サイズに顆粒化する、方法。
(項目23)
項目20に記載の方法であって、前記食物繊維組成物が、約50%〜約80%(w/w)のグルコマンナン、約10%〜約20%(w/w)のキサンタンガムおよび約10%〜約20%(w/w)のアルギナートを含む、方法。
(項目24)
項目20に記載の方法であって、食物繊維組成物が、約60%〜約80%(w/w)のグルコマンナン、約10%〜約20%(w/w)のキサンタンガムおよび約10%〜約20%(w/w)のアルギナートを含む、方法。
(項目25)
グルコマンナンを含む食物繊維組成物の初期粘度を低下させる方法であって、該食物繊維組成物を顆粒化する工程を包含する、方法。
(項目26)
項目25に記載の方法であって、前記食物繊維組成物が、更にキサンタンガムを含む、方法。
(項目27)
項目26に記載の方法であって、前記食物繊維組成物が、更にアルギナートを含む、方法。
(項目28)
グルコマンナンおよびキサンタンガムを含む食物繊維組成物の初期粘度を低下させる方法であって、有効量のアルギナートを該食物繊維組成物に加える工程を包含する、方法。
(項目29)
項目28に記載の方法であって、有効量のアルギナートを加えて120分後の前記組成物の粘度を上昇させる、方法。
(項目30)
哺乳動物において、飽満を促進するためか、体重減少を促進するためか、血中グルコースレベルを低下させるためか、または血中コレステロールレベルを低下させるための方法であって、該哺乳動物において、飽満を促進するか、体重減少を促進するか、血中グルコースレベルを低下させるか、または血中コレステロールレベルを低下させるのに有効な量の食物繊維組成物を哺乳動物に投与する工程を包含し、該食物繊維組成物が、約48%〜約90%(w/w)のグルコマンナン、約5%〜約20%(w/w)のキサンタンガムおよび約5%〜約30%(w/w)のアルギナートを含む、方法。
(項目31)
項目30に記載の方法であって、前記食物繊維組成物が、約50%〜約70%(w/w)のグルコマンナン、約11%〜約13%(w/w)のキサンタンガムおよび約9%〜約17%(w/w)のアルギナートを含む、方法。
(項目32)
項目30に記載の方法であって、前記食物繊維組成物が、約60%〜約90%(w/w)のグルコマンナン、約5%〜約20%(w/w)のキサンタンガムおよび約5%〜約30%(w/w)のアルギナートを含む、方法。
(項目33)
項目30に記載の方法であって、前記組成物が、約70%(w/w)のグルコマンナン、約13%〜約17%(w/w)のキサンタンガムおよび約13%〜約17%(w/w)のアルギナートを含む、方法。
(項目34)
項目33に記載の方法であって、前記組成物が、約70%のグルコマンナン、約13%のキサンタンガムおよび約17%のアルギナートを含む、方法。
(項目35)
項目33に記載の方法であって、前記組成物が、約70%のグルコマンナン、約17%のキサンタンガムおよび約13%のアルギナートを含む、方法。
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US8062686B2 (en) | 2011-11-22 |
CA2823646A1 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
CA2778381A1 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
CA2604253C (en) | 2012-08-21 |
ES2523759T3 (es) | 2014-12-01 |
EP2839752A3 (en) | 2015-05-13 |
WO2006108283A1 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
US20060228397A1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
NZ589922A (en) | 2012-04-27 |
CN101193561A (zh) | 2008-06-04 |
HK1118174A1 (en) | 2009-02-06 |
JP5161762B2 (ja) | 2013-03-13 |
EP1887891A4 (en) | 2012-02-15 |
NZ579777A (en) | 2011-04-29 |
JP5645876B2 (ja) | 2014-12-24 |
US20120040049A1 (en) | 2012-02-16 |
EP2839752B1 (en) | 2018-05-02 |
JP2015003918A (ja) | 2015-01-08 |
CA2604253A1 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
NZ589923A (en) | 2012-04-27 |
CN101193561B (zh) | 2012-11-07 |
EP1887891B1 (en) | 2014-09-03 |
JP2008535869A (ja) | 2008-09-04 |
AU2006235625B2 (en) | 2012-01-12 |
AU2006235625A1 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
CA2823646C (en) | 2017-03-21 |
EP1887891A1 (en) | 2008-02-20 |
CA2778381C (en) | 2013-10-22 |
NZ561819A (en) | 2009-11-27 |
EP2839752A2 (en) | 2015-02-25 |
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