JP2011529625A - 1次リチウムバッテリにおける低温性能のためのthfベースの電解質 - Google Patents
1次リチウムバッテリにおける低温性能のためのthfベースの電解質 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2011529625A JP2011529625A JP2011521114A JP2011521114A JP2011529625A JP 2011529625 A JP2011529625 A JP 2011529625A JP 2011521114 A JP2011521114 A JP 2011521114A JP 2011521114 A JP2011521114 A JP 2011521114A JP 2011529625 A JP2011529625 A JP 2011529625A
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- lithium
- electrolyte
- cathode
- weight
- cell
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical compound [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- -1 lithium imide Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- NFMAZVUSKIJEIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(sulfanylidene)iron Chemical compound S=[Fe]=S NFMAZVUSKIJEIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- WHRNULOCNSKMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran thf Chemical compound C1CCOC1.C1CCOC1 WHRNULOCNSKMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【選択図】図10
Description
本発明は、実施することができる特定のセル設計を示す図10を参照してより良く理解することができる。セル10は、FR6型円筒形LiFeS2バッテリセルであるが、本発明は、FR03又は他の円筒形セルに同等な適用を有するはずである。セル10は、密封底部とセルカバー14及びガスケット16で密封される開放上端とを有する缶12の形態の容器を含むハウジングを有する。缶12は、ガスケット16及びカバー14を支持するために上端付近のビード又は縮小直径ステップを有する。ガスケット16は、缶12とカバー14の間に圧縮され、アノード又は負極18、カソード又は正極20及び電解質がセル10内部に密封される。
汚染物質として非常に少量(例えば、使用された電解質塩の重量基準で約500ppmよりも多くない)のみの水を含有する非水電解質が、製造中にセル内に配置される。電解質は、LiFeS2セル内のイオン移動の主要媒体であるので、適切な溶質及び溶媒の組合せの選択が、セルの性能を最適化するのに重要である。更に、電解質のように選択された溶質と溶媒は、製造及び得られたセルの使用目的での適切な混和性及び粘性を有し、一方で大部分の消費者向けバッテリが潜在的に受ける温度の全体範囲(すなわち、−40℃から60℃)にわたって適切な放電性能を更にもたらさなければならない。更に、電解質は非反応性又は不揮発性(又は従来型のポリマーの密封及び密封機構によって実用的に保持されるのに十分低い沸点を少なくとも有する)でなければならない。
セル容器は、多くの場合に金属缶であり、図10での缶のように密封底部を有する。缶材料は、セル内に使用される活物質と電解質にある程度依存することになる。一般的な材料の種類は鋼である。例えば、缶は鋼で製造され、缶の外側を腐食から保護するために少なくとも外側がニッケルでメッキされる。メッキの種類は、様々な程度の耐食性を提供し又は望ましい外観を提供するように変えることができる。鋼の種類は、容器が形成される方式にある程度依存することになる。絞り缶のためには、拡散焼鈍された低炭素のアルミニウムキルドSAE1006又は同等の鋼とすることができ、ASTM9から11の粒径及び等軸から僅かに細長い粒形を有する。ステンレス鋼のような他の鋼を特別な要求を満たすために使用することができる。例えば、缶がカソードと電気的に接触している場合には、ステンレス鋼がカソード及び電解質による腐食に対する改善した耐性のために使用することができる。
アノードは、リチウム金属のストリップを含み、リチウムホイルとも称される。リチウムの組成は変えることができるが、バッテリ等級のリチウムに対しては、純度は常に高い。リチウムは、望ましいセルの電気性能又は取扱いの容易さを提供するために、アルミニウムのような他の金属との合金とすることができるが、それにも関わらずあらゆる合金内のリチウムの量は最大化すべきであり、かつ高温適用(すなわち、純リチウムの融点を超える)に対して設計される合金は考えられていない。適切なバッテリ等級のリチウム−アルミニウムホイルは、0.5重量パーセントのアルミニウムを含有し、米国ノースカロライナ州キングスマウンテン所在の「Chemetall Foote Corp.」から市販されている。
セパレータは、イオン透過性で電気非導電性である薄い微孔性膜である。セパレータの微孔隙内部に少なくとも一部の電解質をセパレータが保持することができる。セパレータは、アノードとカソードとの隣接する表面の間に配置され、この電極を互いから電気的に分離する。セパレータの一部分は、内部短絡を防止すうるためにセル端子と電気的に接触する他の構成要素も絶縁することができる。セパレータの縁部は、多くの場合に少なくとも1つの電極の縁部から延び、アノードとカソードをそれらが完全に互いに整列していなくても電気的に接触しないことを保証する。しかし、電極を超えて延びるセパレータの量を最小にすることが望ましい。
アノード、カソード、及びセパレータストリップは、電極アセンブリ内で互いに結合される。電極アセンブリは、図10に示すような螺旋巻設計とすることができ、カソード、セパレータ、アノード、及びセパレータの交互のストリップをマンドレルの周りに巻くことによって製造され、巻き付けが終了した時にマンドレルは、電極アセンブリから引き抜かれる。セパレータの少なくとも1つの層及び/又は電気絶縁フィルム(例えば、ポリプロピレン)の少なくとも1つの層が、電極アセンブリの周りに一般的に巻き付けられる。これは、いくつかの目的に役立ち、それは、アセンブリが互いに保持されることを助け、かつアセンブリの幅又は直径を望ましい寸法に調整するために使用することができる。セパレータ又は他の外側フィルム層の最も外側の端部は一片の接着テープを用いて又はヒートシールによって押さえることができる。図10に示すように、アノードは、最も外側の電極とすることができ、又はカソードが、最も外側の電極とすることもできる。いずれの電極もセル容器と電気的に接触することができるが、最も外側の電極が、缶と電気的に接触することを意図されたものと同じ電極である時は、最も外側の電極と容器の側壁の間の内部短絡を回避することができる。
14 上部カバー
18 アノード
20 カソード
26 セパレータ
Claims (15)
- 開放端を有する円筒形容器と、
前記開放端を密封する上部カバーと、
リチウム又はリチウムベース合金で基本的に構成されたアノード、中実ホイル集電体上に被覆された導体と、結合剤と、少なくとも80重量%の二硫化鉄とを含む混合物から構成されるカソード、及び該アノードと該カソードの間に配置されたセパレータを含み、前記容器の内側に配置されたジェリーロール電極アセンブリと、
10−95重量%のテトラヒドロフラン及び5−90重量%の1,3−ジオキソランで基本的に構成される溶媒配合物と、リチウムイミド、ヨウ化リチウム、及びその組合せから構成される群から選択された溶質とを有する電解質と、
を含むことを特徴とする電気化学セル。 - 前記溶媒配合物は、35−85重量%テトラヒドロフラン及び15−65重量%1,3−ジオキソランで基本的に構成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記溶媒配合物は、45−75重量%テトラヒドロフラン及び25−55重量%1,3−ジオキソランで基本的に構成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気化学セル。
- 開放端を有する円筒形容器と、
前記開放端を密封する上部カバーと、
リチウム又はリチウムベース合金で基本的に構成されたアノード、中実ホイル集電体上に被覆された導体と、結合剤と、少なくとも80重量%の二硫化鉄とを含む混合物から構成されるカソード、及び該アノードと該カソードの間に配置されたセパレータを含み、前記容器の内側に配置されたジェリーロール電極アセンブリと、
テトラヒドロフランと、1,3−ジオキソランと、1,2−ジメトキシエタンとに溶解された溶質で基本的に構成される電解質と、
を含むことを特徴とするFR6又はFR03バッテリ。 - 前記溶質は、リチウムイミド、ヨウ化リチウム、及びその組合せから構成される群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のバッテリ。
- 前記電解質は、1,3−ジオキソラン及び1,2−ジメトキシエタンのみで基本的に構成され、前記溶質は、リチウムイミドで基本的に構成されることを特徴とする請求項5に記載のバッテリ。
- 前記電解質は、少なくとも30重量%のテトラヒドロフランを有することを特徴とする請求項5に記載のバッテリ。
- 前記電解質は、1,2−ジメトキシエタンを含まないことを特徴とする請求項7に記載のバッテリ。
- 前記電解質はまた、少なくとも40重量%の1,3−ジオキソラン及び少なくとも20重量%の1,2−ジメトキシエタンを有することを特徴とする請求項7に記載のバッテリ。
- 開放端を有する円筒形容器と、
前記開放端を密封する上部カバーと、
リチウム又はリチウムベース合金で基本的に構成されたアノード、中実ホイル集電体上に被覆された導体と、結合剤と、少なくとも80重量%の二硫化鉄とを含む混合物から構成されるカソード、及び該アノードと該カソードの間に配置されたセパレータを含み、前記容器の内側に配置されたジェリーロール電極アセンブリと、
10−95重量%のテトラヒドロフランベースの溶媒と、5−90重量%の1,3−ジオキソランと、0−40重量%の1,2−ジメトキシエタンとで基本的に構成された溶媒配合物、及びリチウムイミド、ヨウ化リチウム、及びその組合せから構成される群から選択された溶質を有する電解質と、
を含むことを特徴とする電気化学セル。 - 前記テトラヒドロフランベースの溶媒は、テトラヒドロフラン、2−メチルテトラヒドロフラン、及びその組合せから構成される群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記電解質は、1,2−ジメトキシエタンを含まないことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記電解質は、少なくとも30重量%テトラヒドロフランを有することを特徴とする請求項11に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記電解質は、2−メチルテトラヒドロフランを含み、かつ重量百分率に基づいてテトラヒドロフランよりも多くの2−メチルテトラヒドロフランを有することを特徴とする請求項13に記載の電気化学セル。
- 前記電解質は、少なくとも40重量%の1,3−ジオキソラン及び少なくとも20重量%の1,2−ジメトキシエタンを有することを特徴とする請求項11に記載の電気化学セル。
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US20110143218A1 (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2011-06-16 | Issaev Nikolai N | Battery |
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- 2009-07-27 NZ NZ590556A patent/NZ590556A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 2009-07-27 CN CN200980129305.XA patent/CN102106022B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-07-27 EP EP09789012.3A patent/EP2319111B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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- 2009-07-27 JP JP2011521114A patent/JP5580309B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2010014194A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 |
KR20110042085A (ko) | 2011-04-22 |
EP2319111B1 (en) | 2014-03-19 |
NZ590556A (en) | 2013-03-28 |
CN102106022B (zh) | 2014-01-29 |
CA2732103A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 |
AU2009277152B2 (en) | 2013-07-25 |
US20110117407A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 |
EP2319111A1 (en) | 2011-05-11 |
AU2009277152A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 |
CN102106022A (zh) | 2011-06-22 |
JP5580309B2 (ja) | 2014-08-27 |
KR101717790B1 (ko) | 2017-03-17 |
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