CN105140538B - 一种锂‑二硫化亚铁电池及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种锂‑二硫化亚铁电池及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种锂‑二硫化亚铁电池及其制备方法,锂‑二硫化亚铁电池包括:壳体、盖帽、电解液及电芯,壳体与盖帽连接形成一封闭腔体,电解液及电芯收容于腔体内;电芯包括:正极环、隔膜、垫片、负极锂片、集流网及钢带,负极锂片套于正极环内,负极锂片与正极环通过隔膜间隔,集流网一端与负极锂片连接,集流网另一端通过钢带与盖帽连接,正极环与盖帽之间设有垫片。制备方法主要包括制作正极环,将制作好的正极环装入壳体,依次加入隔膜、垫片、负极锂片和集流网,将钢带与集流网焊接,向其中注入电解液,将钢带和盖帽焊接后,封口。通过本发明的结构设计,锂‑二硫化亚铁电池的容量可增加至4Ah,容量提升约33.3%以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电池技术领域,特别是涉及一种锂-二硫化亚铁电池及其制备方法。
背景技术
锂-二硫化亚铁电池是一种新型的绿色环保一次锂电池,其标称电压为1.5V,可与碱锰电池、镍氢电池、镍镉电池互换使用,其具有放电电压平台平稳、储存寿命长、安全性能优良的优点。
传统技术制备的卷绕式AA型锂-二硫化亚铁电池10的结构如图1所示,此种锂-二硫化亚铁电池的制作工艺流程如图2所示。
1、正极极片采用二硫化亚铁为正极活性物质,加入导电石墨、石墨和粘结剂聚偏氟乙烯,在溶剂N,N-二甲基吡咯烷酮中搅拌后,均匀涂覆在集流体铝箔上,经过干燥、压片和裁片制得二硫化亚铁正极极片;负极极片采用金属锂及锂的合金,包括纯金属锂带、锂铝合金带、锂镁合金带、锂硼合金带作为锂二硫化亚铁电池的负极极片。
2、浆料涂至集流体上,烘干后裁小片、点焊极耳后制成正极极片,使用卷绕机将带有极耳的正极极片、负极极片和隔膜卷绕成卷绕式AA型锂-二硫化亚铁电池10的卷芯12。
3、将卷芯12放入钢壳14后,通过点底焊、辊槽,向钢壳内注入碘化锂为电解质盐的有机电解液,之后经过点盖,封口就制作成如图2所示的卷绕式AA型锂-二硫化亚铁电池10。
由上述制备方法而形成的卷绕式AA型锂-二硫化亚铁电池10,由于电池内隔膜和集流体占据钢壳内部腔体约15%的体积,其容量仅为3Ah,具有容量小的缺陷。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术中的不足之处,提供一种容量高的锂-二硫化亚铁电池及其制备方法。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
一种锂-二硫化亚铁电池,包括:壳体、盖帽、电解液及电芯,所述壳体与所述盖帽连接形成一封闭腔体,所述电解液及所述电芯收容于所述腔体内;
所述电芯包括:正极环、隔膜、垫片、负极锂片、集流网及钢带,所述负极锂片套于所述正极环内,所述负极锂片与所述正极环通过所述隔膜间隔,所述集流网一端与所述负极锂片连接,所述集流网另一端通过所述钢带与所述盖帽连接,所述正极环与所述盖帽之间设有垫片。
优选的,所述垫片的外径大于正极环的外径并小于壳体的内径。
优选的,所述壳体为圆筒形结构,所述正极环为圆环形结构。
优选的,所述负极锂片为圆柱状,所述垫片为环形片状。
优选的,所述壳体为不锈钢或碳钢镀镍材质;
所述正极环为二硫化亚铁、石墨、乙炔黑、导电炭黑中的一种或多种;
所述隔膜为PP单层、PE单层或PP、PE、PP结合三层;
所述垫片为PP或PE材质;
所述负极锂片为纯金属锂或锂合金;
所述电解液为锂盐溶解在PC、1,3-二氧戊烷溶剂中的溶液;
所述集流网为钢、镍或铝。
一种锂-二硫化亚铁电池的制备方法,包括:
步骤S10,烘烤正极材料中的活性物质二硫化亚铁和石墨;
步骤S20,将预设比例的活性物质二硫化亚铁和石墨加入到球磨罐中,在预设条件下搅匀;
步骤S30,在搅匀的二硫化亚铁和石墨中加入粘合剂,并将物料搅拌均匀;
步骤S40,用模具将搅拌好的物料制成规格尺寸一致的正极环,然后将正极环在预设温度下烘干;
步骤S50,将正极环放入壳体,
步骤S60,将隔膜放入正极环内;
步骤S70,将负极锂片插入至正极环内;
步骤S80,在负极锂片中插入集流网;
步骤S90,在正极环中套入垫片;
步骤S100,将钢带和集流网焊接;
步骤S110,向壳体内注入电解液;
步骤S120,将钢带焊接在盖帽上;
步骤S130,将盖帽压合于壳体上并密封。
优选的,在步骤S10中,活性物质二硫化亚铁和石墨需要在80℃~300℃的氮气或氩气环境下烘烤4h~8h,并待温度降至30℃~40℃时,进入步骤S20。
优选的,在步骤S20中,将质量比为85%~96%的活性物质二硫化亚铁和质量比为5%~8%的石墨加入到低温球磨罐中,在氮气保护条件下球磨2h。
优选的,在步骤S30中,粘合剂为溶剂乙醇、N,N-二甲基吡咯烷酮、聚四氟乙烯乳液的一种或多种。
优选的,在步骤S40中,制备好的正极环需在80℃~300℃的氮气或氩气环境下烘烤4h~8h。
采用上述的锂-二硫化亚铁电池,可以增加活性物质二硫化亚铁和负极锂片的使用量,减少隔膜和集流体的用量。通过此结构设计,可以明显提升单体电池的容量,相比于碱性电池,其容量优势将更加明显。通过本发明的结构设计,锂-二硫化亚铁电池的容量可增加至4Ah,容量提升约33.3%以上。
附图说明
图1为传统的卷绕式锂-二硫化亚铁电池的结构示意图;
图2为图1所示的卷绕式锂-二硫化亚铁电池的制作流程图;
图3为本发明一实施例的锂-二硫化亚铁电池的结构示意图;
图4为本发明一实施例的锂-二硫化亚铁电池的制作流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
如图3所示,其为本发明一实施例的锂-二硫化亚铁电池20的结构示意图。
一种锂-二硫化亚铁电池20包括:壳体100、盖帽200、电解液(图未示)及电芯300,壳体100与盖帽200连接形成一封闭腔体,电解液及电芯300收容于腔体内。
电芯300包括:正极环310、隔膜320、垫片330、负极锂片340、集流网350及钢带360。负极锂片340套于正极环310内,负极锂片340与正极环310通过隔膜320间隔,集流网350一端与负极锂片340连接,集流网350另一端通过钢带360与盖帽200连接,正极环310与盖帽200之间设有垫片330。
进一步的,垫片330的外径大于正极环310的外径并小于壳体100的内径,此种尺寸的垫片,可以避免正极环310与盖帽200接触,防止短路。
在本实施例中,壳体100为圆筒形结构,正极环310为圆环形结构,负极锂片340为圆柱状,垫片330为环形片状。在其它实施例中,壳体100还可以为方形结构,还可以为多边形的柱状体结构,并不限于此。
要说明的是,壳体100为不锈钢或碳钢镀镍材质;正极环310为二硫化亚铁、石墨、乙炔黑、导电炭黑中的一种或多种;隔膜320为PP单层、PE单层或PP、PE、PP结合三层;垫片330为PP或PE材质;负极锂片340为纯金属锂或锂合金;电解液为锂盐溶解在PC、1,3-二氧戊烷溶剂中的溶液;集流网350为钢、镍或铝。
如图4所示,其为本发明一实施例的锂-二硫化亚铁电池的制作流程图。
与上述的锂-二硫化亚铁电池20对应,还提供一种锂-二硫化亚铁电池的制备方法,主要包括如下步骤:
步骤S10,烘烤正极材料中的活性物质二硫化亚铁和石墨;
步骤S20,将预设比例的活性物质二硫化亚铁和石墨加入到球磨罐中,在预设条件下搅匀;
步骤S30,在搅匀的二硫化亚铁和石墨中加入粘合剂,并将物料搅拌均匀;
步骤S40,用模具将搅拌好的物料制成规格尺寸一致的正极环,然后将正极环在预设温度下烘干;
步骤S50,将正极环放入壳体,
步骤S60,将隔膜放入正极环内;
步骤S70,将负极锂片插入至正极环内;
步骤S80,在负极锂片中插入集流网;
步骤S90,在正极环中套入垫片;
步骤S100,将钢带和集流网焊接;
步骤S110,向壳体内注入电解液;
步骤S120,将钢带焊接在盖帽上;
步骤S130,将盖帽压合于壳体上并密封。
其中,在步骤S10中,活性物质二硫化亚铁和石墨需要在80℃~300℃的氮气或氩气环境下烘烤4h~8h,并待温度降至30℃~40℃时,进入步骤S20。在其它实施例中,步骤S10还可以为烘烤正极材料中的活性物质二硫化亚铁、石墨、导电石墨、乙炔黑中的一种或多种。
其中,在步骤S20中,将质量比为85%~96%的活性物质二硫化亚铁和质量比为5%~8%的石墨加入到低温球磨罐中,在氮气保护条件下球磨2h。
其中,在步骤S30中,粘合剂为溶剂乙醇、N,N-二甲基吡咯烷酮、聚四氟乙烯乳液的一种或多种。
其中,在步骤S40中,制备好的正极环需在80℃~300℃的氮气或氩气环境下烘烤4h~8h。
要特别说明的是,在步骤S40中,正极环是用模具将搅拌均匀的正极物料成型而得到,使用模具制作出来的正极环的外径略小于壳体的内径,可以容易的将正极环装入壳体内,而在后续的老化过程中,电芯会发生膨胀,此时正极环便会与壳体发生接触,形成过盈配合,壳体便成为电池的正极。此种工艺,不但方便电池的生产,而且可以提高电池的品质。
特别要注意的是,将正极环放入壳体后,在正极环内放入隔膜,此时隔膜不应出现褶皱,保证处于正极环接触的部分呈单层状态;在负极锂片中插入集流网时,集流网不应刮破隔膜。
采用上述的锂-二硫化亚铁电池20,可以增加活性物质二硫化亚铁和负极锂片的使用量,减少隔膜和集流体的用量。通过此结构设计,可以明显提升单体电池的容量,相比于碱性电池,其容量优势将更加明显。通过本发明的结构设计,锂-二硫化亚铁电池20的容量可增加至4Ah,容量提升约33.3%以上。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种锂-二硫化亚铁电池,其特征在于,包括:壳体、盖帽、电解液及电芯,所述壳体与所述盖帽连接形成一封闭腔体,所述电解液及所述电芯收容于所述腔体内;
所述电芯包括:正极环、隔膜、垫片、负极锂片、集流网及钢带,所述负极锂片套于所述正极环内,所述负极锂片与所述正极环通过所述隔膜间隔,所述集流网一端与所述负极锂片连接,所述集流网另一端通过所述钢带与所述盖帽连接,所述正极环与所述盖帽之间设有垫片;
所述垫片的外径大于正极环的外径并小于壳体的内径;
所述壳体为不锈钢或碳钢镀镍材质;
所述正极环为二硫化亚铁、石墨、乙炔黑、导电炭黑中的一种或多种;
所述隔膜为PP单层、PE单层或PP、PE、PP结合三层;
所述垫片为PP或PE材质;
所述负极锂片为纯金属锂或锂合金;
所述电解液为锂盐溶解在PC、1,3-二氧戊烷溶剂中的溶液;
所述集流网为钢、镍或铝;
所述正极环与所述壳体形成过盈配合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的锂-二硫化亚铁电池,其特征在于,所述壳体为圆筒形结构,所述正极环为圆环形结构。
3.根据权利要求1所述的锂-二硫化亚铁电池,其特征在于,所述负极锂片为圆柱状,所述垫片为环形片状。
4.一种锂-二硫化亚铁电池的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
步骤S10,烘烤正极材料中的活性物质二硫化亚铁和石墨,活性物质二硫化亚铁和石墨需要在80℃~300℃的氮气或氩气环境下烘烤4h~8h,并待温度降至30℃~40℃时,进入步骤S20;
步骤S20,将预设比例的活性物质二硫化亚铁和石墨加入到球磨罐中,在预设条件下搅匀,将质量比为85%~96%的活性物质二硫化亚铁和质量比为5%~8%的石墨加入到低温球磨罐中,在氮气保护条件下球磨2h;
步骤S30,在搅匀的二硫化亚铁和石墨中加入粘合剂,并将物料搅拌均匀,粘合剂为溶剂乙醇、N,N-二甲基吡咯烷酮、聚四氟乙烯乳液的一种或多种;
步骤S40,用模具将搅拌好的物料制成规格尺寸一致的正极环,然后将正极环在预设温度下烘干,制备好的正极环需在80℃~300℃的氮气或氩气环境下烘烤4h~8h;使用模具制作出来的正极环的外径略小于壳体的内径,将正极环装入壳体内,在老化过程中,电芯发生膨胀,正极环与壳体发生接触,形成过盈配合;
步骤S50,将正极环放入壳体,
步骤S60,将隔膜放入正极环内;
步骤S70,将负极锂片插入至正极环内;
步骤S80,在负极锂片中插入集流网;
步骤S90,在正极环中套入垫片;
步骤S100,将钢带和集流网焊接;
步骤S110,向壳体内注入电解液;
步骤S120,将钢带焊接在盖帽上;
步骤S130,将盖帽压合于壳体上并密封。
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