JP2011249577A - 光電変換装置 - Google Patents
光電変換装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 377
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 230
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 161
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 8
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- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 6
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 229910004613 CdTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052774 Proactinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】基板と、基板の表面上に設けられたpin型光電変換層と、を備え、pin型光電変換層は、p型半導体層と、非晶質半導体層であるi型半導体層と、n型半導体層とが積層された第1のpin型光電変換層を含んでおり、第1のpin型光電変換層は、基板の一部の表面上に位置する第1の部分と、基板の他の一部の表面上に位置する第2の部分と、を有し、第1の部分の酸素、窒素および炭素から選択される少なくとも一つの不純物元素の濃度が、第2の部分の不純物元素の濃度よりも高く、第1の部分の厚さが第2の部分の厚さよりも薄くなっている、光電変換装置である。
【選択図】図1
Description
0.76Da≦Db≦0.91Da …(1)
を満たすことが好ましい。
3.5Pa(O)≦Pb(O) …(2)
を満たすことが好ましい。
Pb(O)≧1×1020[atoms/cm3] …(3)
を満たすことが好ましい。
5Pa(N)≦Pb(N) …(4)
を満たすことが好ましい。
Pb(N)≧1×1018[atoms/cm3] …(5)
を満たすことが好ましい。
4Pa(C)≦Pb(C) …(6)
を満たすことが好ましい。
Pb(C)≧2×1018[atoms/cm3] …(7)
を満たすことが好ましい。
0.76Da2≦Db2≦0.91Da2 …(8)
を満たすことが好ましい。
を満たすことが好ましい。
図1に、本発明の光電変換装置の一例である実施の形態のスーパーストレート型の光電変換装置の模式的な拡大断面図を示す。
基板1としては、たとえば、ガラス基板、ポリイミド樹脂などの透明樹脂を含む樹脂基板、またはこれらの基板の複数を積層した基板などの光を透過させることができる透光性基板を用いることができる。
透明導電膜2としては、たとえば酸化錫膜、ITO(Indium Tin Oxide)膜、酸化亜鉛膜、若しくはこれらの膜に微量の不純物を添加した膜の単層またはこれらを複数重ね合わせた複数層などを用いることができる。透明導電膜2は、光を多く透過させることができるとともに良好な導電性を有することが望ましい。透明導電膜2が複数層から構成される場合には、すべての層が同一の材料から形成されていてもよく、少なくとも1層が他と異なる材料から形成されていてもよい。
第1のpin型光電変換層11は、第1のp型半導体層3と、第1のi型半導体層4と、第1のn型半導体層5との積層体からなる非晶質シリコン光電変換層である。
第2のpin型光電変換層12は、第2のp型半導体層6と、第2のi型半導体層7と、第2のn型半導体層8との積層体からなる微結晶シリコン光電変換層である。
透明導電膜9としては、たとえば酸化錫膜、ITO膜、酸化亜鉛膜、若しくはこれらの膜に微量の不純物を添加した膜の単層またはこれらを複数重ね合わせた複数層などの光を透過させることができるとともに導電性である膜を用いることができる。透明導電膜9が複数層から構成される場合には、すべての層が同一の材料から形成されていてもよく、少なくとも1層が他と異なる材料から形成されていてもよい。
反射電極10としては、光の反射率の高い材料が用いられる場合が多く、たとえばAg(銀)層、Al(アルミニウム)層またはこれらの層の積層体などの導電性を有する層を用いることができる。
本実施の形態の光電変換装置においては、第1のpin型光電変換層11の不純物濃度(酸素、窒素および炭素から選択される少なくとも一つの不純物元素の濃度;以下同じ)が相対的に高い第1の部分の厚さを不純物濃度が相対的に低い第2の部分の厚さよりも薄くしている。
(i)真空成膜装置内に残存する不純物濃度はリークレートの小さい高真空の成膜装置に比べて大きくなるため、第1のpin型光電変換層11および第2のpin型光電変換層12のそれぞれに取り込まれる不純物濃度も大きくなる。
(ii)真空成膜装置が大型であり、第1のpin型光電変換層11および第2のpin型光電変換層12のそれぞれに取り込まれる不純物の不純物濃度が基板1の表面の面内方向(基板1の表面に平行な方向)において基板周縁領域と基板中心領域とで差が生じるため、基板1の表面の面内方向において不純物濃度にばらつきが形成される。
0.76Da≦Db≦0.91Da …(1)
3.5Pa(O)≦Pb(O) …(2)
Pb(O)≧1×1020[atoms/cm3] …(3)
5Pa(N)≦Pb(N) …(4)
Pb(N)≧1×1018[atoms/cm3] …(5)
4Pa(C)≦Pb(C) …(6)
Pb(C)≧2×1018[atoms/cm3] …(7)
0.76Da2≦Db2≦0.91Da2 …(8)
Db2/Da2≦Db/Da …(9)
本実施の形態の光電変換装置は、たとえば以下のようにして製造することができる。まず、基板1の表面上に透明導電膜2を形成する。ここで、透明導電膜2は、たとえば、スパッタリング法、CVD法、電子ビーム蒸着法、ゾルゲル法、スプレー法および電析法などの方法によって形成される。
(非晶質シリコン層の形成時のH2/SiH4流量比)<(微結晶シリコン層の形成時のH2/SiH4流量比) …(10)
上記の製造方法以外にも、たとえば、基板1の表面上にセル構造体13を形成した後に基板1を切断することによって、第1のpin型光電変換層11の不純物濃度が相対的に高い第1の部分の厚さを不純物濃度が相対的に低い第2の部分の厚さよりも薄くした光電変換装置(以下、「他の形態の光電変換装置」という。)を製造することができる。
まず、図7の模式的平面図に示されるような長辺長さ1400mm×短辺長さ1000mm×厚さ3.9mmの表面を有する無アルカリガラスのガラス基板の当該表面上に予めCVD法により酸化錫層が形成された基板を用意した。
上記のサンプルNo.17の非晶質シリコン光電変換層の形成後のガラス基板を再度、上記のプラズマCVD装置の成膜室内に設置し、成膜室の内部の圧力が0.1Paとなるまで成膜室内のガスを排気した後、成膜室内にH2ガス、SiH4ガスおよびB2H6ガスを導入して、プラズマCVD法によりn型微結晶シリコン層の表面上にp型微結晶シリコン層を形成した。
光劣化率[%]=100×(W1i−W1e)/(W1i) …(11)
0.76Da≦Db≦0.91Da …(1)
3.5Pa(O)≦Pb(O) …(2)
Pb(O)≧1×1020[atoms/cm3] …(3)
5Pa(N)≦Pb(N) …(4)
Pb(N)≧1×1018[atoms/cm3] …(5)
4Pa(C)≦Pb(C) …(6)
Pb(C)≧2×1018[atoms/cm3] …(7)
実施例1の光電変換セルの微結晶シリコン光電変換層の構成を表8に示すように変更することによって実施例5の光電変換セルを作製した。また、実施例2の光電変換セルの微結晶シリコン光電変換層の構成を表9に示すように変更することによって実施例6の光電変換セルを作製した。
0.76Da2≦Db2≦0.91Da2 …(8)
Claims (13)
- 基板と、
前記基板の表面上に設けられたpin型光電変換層と、を備え、
前記pin型光電変換層は、p型半導体層と、非晶質半導体層であるi型半導体層と、n型半導体層とが積層された第1のpin型光電変換層を含んでおり、
前記第1のpin型光電変換層は、前記基板の一部の表面上に位置する第1の部分と、前記基板の他の一部の表面上に位置する第2の部分と、を有し、
前記第1の部分の酸素、窒素および炭素から選択される少なくとも一つの不純物元素の濃度が、前記第2の部分の前記不純物元素の濃度よりも高く、
前記第1の部分の厚さが前記第2の部分の厚さよりも薄くなっている、光電変換装置。 - 前記第1の部分は前記基板の表面の周縁領域上に位置しており、
前記第2の部分は前記周縁領域よりも前記基板の表面の内側の領域である中心領域上に位置している、請求項1に記載の光電変換装置。 - 前記基板の表面の中心点をA点とし、
前記基板の表面の外周上の任意の1点をB点とし、
前記A点と前記B点とを結んで得られる線分ABを0.115:0.655:0.23に内分する点を、前記A点側から順にC点、D点としたとき、
前記A点を固定して前記B点を前記基板の表面の外周上を1周させたときに、前記B点の軌道と前記D点の軌道との間の領域を前記周縁領域とし、
前記C点の軌道の内側の領域を前記中心領域とし、
前記第2の部分の平均厚さをDaとし、前記第1の部分の平均厚さをDbとしたとき、下記の式(1);
0.76Da≦Db≦0.91Da …(1)
を満たす、請求項2に記載の光電変換装置。 - 前記基板の表面の中心点をA点とし、
前記基板の表面の外周上の任意の1点をB点とし、
前記A点と前記B点とを結んで得られる線分ABを0.115:0.655:0.23に内分する点を、前記A点側から順にC点、D点としたとき、
前記A点を固定して前記B点を前記基板の表面の外周上を1周させたときに、前記B点の軌道と前記D点の軌道との間の領域を前記周縁領域とし、
前記C点の軌道の内側の領域を前記中心領域とし、
前記第2の部分の酸素濃度をPa(O)とし、前記第1の部分の酸素濃度をPb(O)としたとき、下記の式(2);
3.5Pa(O)≦Pb(O) …(2)
を満たす、請求項2または3に記載の光電変換装置。 - 前記基板の表面の中心点をA点とし、
前記基板の表面の外周上の任意の1点をB点とし、
前記A点と前記B点とを結んで得られる線分ABを0.115:0.655:0.23に内分する点を、前記A点側から順にC点、D点としたとき、
前記A点を固定して前記B点を前記基板の表面の外周上を1周させたときに、前記B点の軌道と前記D点の軌道との間の領域を前記周縁領域とし、
前記C点の軌道の内側の領域を前記中心領域とし、
前記第1の部分の酸素濃度をPb(O)としたとき、下記の式(3);
Pb(O)≧1×1020[atoms/cm3] …(3)
を満たす、請求項2から4のいずれかに記載の光電変換装置。 - 前記基板の表面の中心点をA点とし、
前記基板の表面の外周上の任意の1点をB点とし、
前記A点と前記B点とを結んで得られる線分ABを0.115:0.655:0.23に内分する点を、前記A点側から順にC点、D点としたとき、
前記A点を固定して前記B点を前記基板の表面の外周上を1周させたときに、前記B点の軌道と前記D点の軌道との間の領域を前記周縁領域とし、
前記C点の軌道の内側の領域を前記中心領域とし、
前記第2の部分の窒素濃度をPa(N)とし、前記第1の部分の窒素濃度をPb(N)としたとき、下記の式(4);
5Pa(N)≦Pb(N) …(4)
を満たす、請求項2から5のいずれかに記載の光電変換装置。 - 前記基板の表面の中心点をA点とし、
前記基板の表面の外周上の任意の1点をB点とし、
前記A点と前記B点とを結んで得られる線分ABを0.115:0.655:0.23に内分する点を、前記A点側から順にC点、D点としたとき、
前記A点を固定して前記B点を前記基板の表面の外周上を1周させたときに、前記B点の軌道と前記D点の軌道との間の領域を前記周縁領域とし、
前記C点の軌道の内側の領域を前記中心領域とし、
前記第1の部分の窒素濃度をPb(N)としたとき、下記の式(5);
Pb(N)≧1×1018[atoms/cm3] …(5)
を満たす、請求項2から6のいずれかに記載の光電変換装置。 - 前記基板の表面の中心点をA点とし、
前記基板の表面の外周上の任意の1点をB点とし、
前記A点と前記B点とを結んで得られる線分ABを0.115:0.655:0.23に内分する点を、前記A点側から順にC点、D点としたとき、
前記A点を固定して前記B点を前記基板の表面の外周上を1周させたときに、前記B点の軌道と前記D点の軌道との間の領域を前記周縁領域とし、
前記C点の軌道の内側の領域を前記中心領域とし、
前記第2の部分の炭素濃度をPa(C)とし、前記第1の部分の炭素濃度をPb(C)としたとき、下記の式(6);
4Pa(C)≦Pb(C) …(6)
を満たす、請求項2から7のいずれかに記載の光電変換装置。 - 前記基板の表面の中心点をA点とし、
前記基板の表面の外周上の任意の1点をB点とし、
前記A点と前記B点とを結んで得られる線分ABを0.115:0.655:0.23に内分する点を、前記A点側から順にC点、D点としたとき、
前記A点を固定して前記B点を前記基板の表面の外周上を1周させたときに、前記B点の軌道と前記D点の軌道との間の領域を前記周縁領域とし、
前記C点の軌道の内側の領域を前記中心領域とし、
前記第1の部分の炭素濃度をPb(C)としたとき、下記の式(7);
Pb(C)≧2×1018[atoms/cm3] …(7)
を満たす、請求項2から8のいずれかに記載の光電変換装置。 - 前記pin型光電変換層は、前記基板側から前記第1のpin型光電変換層と第2のpin型光電変換層とをこの順に備え、
前記第2のpin型光電変換層は、p型半導体層と、i型半導体層と、n型半導体層とを含んでおり、
前記第1の部分における前記第2のpin型光電変換層の厚さが、前記第2の部分における前記第2のpin型光電変換層の厚さよりも薄くなっている、請求項1から9のいずれかに記載の光電変換装置。 - 前記第1の部分は前記基板の表面の周縁領域上に位置し、
前記第2の部分は前記周縁領域よりも前記基板の表面の内側の領域である中心領域上に位置しており、
前記基板の表面の中心点をA点とし、
前記基板の表面の外周上の任意の1点をB点とし、
前記A点と前記B点とを結んで得られる線分ABを0.115:0.655:0.23に内分する点を、前記A点側から順にC点、D点としたとき、
前記A点を固定して前記B点を前記基板の表面の外周上を1周させたときに、前記B点の軌道と前記D点の軌道との間の領域を前記周縁領域とし、
前記C点の軌道の内側の領域を前記中心領域とし、
前記第2の部分における前記第2のpin型光電変換層の平均厚さをDa2とし、前記第1の部分における前記第2のpin型光電変換層の平均厚さをDb2としたとき、下記の式(8);
0.76Da2≦Db2≦0.91Da2 …(8)
を満たす、請求項10に記載の光電変換装置。 - 前記第1の部分は前記基板の表面の周縁領域上に位置し、
前記第2の部分は前記周縁領域よりも前記基板の表面の内側の領域である中心領域上に位置しており、
前記基板の表面の中心点をA点とし、
前記基板の表面の外周上の任意の1点をB点とし、
前記A点と前記B点とを結んで得られる線分ABを0.115:0.655:0.23に内分する点を、前記A点側から順にC点、D点としたとき、
前記A点を固定して前記B点を前記基板の表面の外周上を1周させたときに、前記B点の軌道と前記D点の軌道との間の領域を前記周縁領域とし、
前記C点の軌道の内側の領域を前記中心領域とし、
前記第2の部分の平均厚さをDaとし、前記第1の部分の平均厚さをDbとし、前記第2の部分における前記第2のpin型光電変換層の平均厚さをDa2とし、前記第1の部分における前記第2のpin型光電変換層の平均厚さをDb2としたとき、下記の式(9);
Db2/Da2≦Db/Da …(9)
を満たす、請求項10または11に記載の光電変換装置。 - 前記第1の部分が設けられている前記基板の端面は半導体成分が付着した部分と前記半導体成分が付着していない部分とを有し、
前記第2の部分が設けられている前記基板の端面には前記半導体成分が付着していない、請求項1に記載の光電変換装置。
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