JP2011027102A - 選択的接触還元の低下した作動コストのためのアンモニア分配及び制御のモデルベースチューニング - Google Patents
選択的接触還元の低下した作動コストのためのアンモニア分配及び制御のモデルベースチューニング Download PDFInfo
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 359
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 177
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 4
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 306
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 149
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 30
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 4
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009828 non-uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003679 aging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bisulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].OS([O-])(=O)=O BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000006673 asthma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012707 chemical precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000683 possible toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000023504 respiratory system disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 temperature Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/30—Controlling by gas-analysis apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8696—Controlling the catalytic process
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/003—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes for supplying chemicals to fumes, e.g. using injection devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
- B01D2251/2062—Ammonia
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/06—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being in the gaseous form
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
- F23J2219/10—Catalytic reduction devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S423/00—Chemistry of inorganic compounds
- Y10S423/05—Automatic, including computer, control
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
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- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
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Abstract
【解決手段】排ガス流を分析してNOxの量を決定し、NOx濃度を所要レベル以下に低減するのに必要とされるアンモニアの化学量論量を決定し、アンモニア注入グリッド25の上流で燃焼排ガス流中のNOx成分の流量プロファイルを決定し、アンモニア注入グリッド内の特定の位置を選択してアンモニア弁24a、24b、26a、26bを作動させ、ガス流中のNOxの位置に対応するグリッド位置で制御された量のアンモニア蒸気をガス流中に注入、選択的接触還元ユニット34を用いてガス流を処理してNOxの量を許容レベルまで低下させることによって、燃焼排ガス流中の窒素酸化物(NOx)の量を低減するための方法及び系。
【選択図】図4a
Description
NO+NO2+2NH3 → 2N2+3H2O (速い、NO/NO2≧1.0)
6NO2+8NH3 → 7N2+12H2O (遅い)。
2SO2+O2 → 2SO3 (不都合な前駆体反応)
2NH3+SO3+H2O → (NH4)2SO4 (SCRユニットの汚損)
NH3+SO3+H2O → (NH4)SO4 (SCRユニットの汚損)。
アンモニア注入グリッド(AIG) 25
垂直マニホルドセクション 21、23
水平マニホルドセクション 22
アンモニア注入グリッド 25
垂直アンモニアヘッダー 24、26
アンモニア注入グリッドセグメント 27
制御弁(24a、24b、26a、26b)
タンク車 32
アンモニア貯蔵タンク 31
流れ制御ユニット 28
ポンプスキッド 30
触媒担持構造体 34
SCR触媒 33
Claims (14)
- 燃焼排ガス流中の窒素酸化物(NOx)の量を低減するための方法であって、
燃焼排ガス流中に存在するNOxの量を測定する工程、
燃焼排ガス流中のNOx濃度を所要レベル以下に低減するのに必要なアンモニアの総化学量論量を決定する工程、
アンモニア注入グリッド(25)の上流の位置での燃焼排ガス流中のNOx成分の空間分布を決定する工程、
アンモニア注入グリッド(25)内で1以上のアンモニア弁を作動させる1以上の領域を特定する工程、
NOx成分の空間分布に対応するグリッド位置で制御された量のアンモニア蒸気を燃焼排ガス流中に注入する工程、及び
選択的接触還元を用いて燃焼排ガス流を注入アンモニアで処理して、NOxの量を所要レベル以下に低減する工程
を含む方法。 - さらに、選択的接触還元の下流でガスを分析して未反応NOxの量を決定する工程、及び燃焼排ガス流中に注入されるアンモニアの量を調節する工程を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 燃焼排ガス流中に存在するNOxの量を測定する工程が、アンモニアガス注入グリッドの上流でガスタービン排気ガス供給速度を測定することを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 燃焼排ガス流を注入アンモニアで処理する工程で、選択的接触還元の触媒の特定の種類、組成及び老化程度を反映するデータを使用する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 燃焼排ガス流がガスタービンエンジンで発生したものである、請求項1記載の方法。
- 制御された量のアンモニア蒸気を燃焼排ガス流中に注入する工程で、アンモニア注入グリッド(25)の注入口の位置、老化程度及び開閉状態を反映するデータを使用する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 燃焼排ガス流中のNOx成分の流量プロファイルを決定する工程で、作動条件及びガスタービンエンジンで燃焼される炭化水素燃料に関するデータを使用する、請求項5記載の方法。
- さらに、アンモニア注入グリッド(25)の上流で燃焼排ガス流の温度をモニターする工程を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- さらに、ガスタービンエンジンの下流のダクトバーナーからの燃焼排ガス流へのNOxの寄与量を決定する工程を含む、請求項5記載の方法。
- 燃焼排ガス流中に存在するNOxの量を測定する工程が、NO対NO2の相対量及びモル比の決定を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 燃焼排ガス流中に存在する窒素酸化物(NOx)の量を低減するための系であって、
燃焼排ガス流中に存在するNOxの量及び流量を決定することができる1以上のガス分析器、
燃焼排ガス流中に存在するNOxを所要レベル以下に低減するのに必要なアンモニアの総化学量論量を決定するための手段、
制御された量のアンモニアをアンモニア注入グリッド(25)に輸送できるサイズのアンモニアポンプ手段、
アンモニア蒸気を所定の速度及び位置で燃焼排ガス流中に導入できるサイズの複数の注入口を含有するアンモニア注入グリッド(25)、並びに
アンモニアを用いてNOxを窒素に還元することができる触媒(33)を含有する選択的接触還元ユニット(34)
を備える系。 - さらに、選択的接触還元ユニット(34)の下流にNOx分析器を含む、請求項11記載の燃焼排ガス流中の窒素酸化物の量を低減するための系。
- さらに、選択的接触還元ユニット(34)の下流で検出されるNOxの量に基づいてアンモニア注入グリッド(25)により注入されるアンモニアの量を調節するための1以上の制御弁(24a、24b、26a、26b)を含む、請求項11記載の燃焼排ガス流中の窒素酸化物の量を低減するための系。
- ガス分析器がNO対NO2の相対量及びモル比を決定する、請求項11記載の燃焼排ガス流中の窒素酸化物の量を低減するための系。
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US12/508,604 | 2009-07-24 | ||
US12/508,604 US7824636B1 (en) | 2009-07-24 | 2009-07-24 | Model-based tuning of ammonia distribution and control for reduced operating cost of selective catalytic reduction |
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CH (1) | CH701514B1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102010036348B4 (ja) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015080224A1 (ja) | 2013-11-27 | 2015-06-04 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
JP2016094937A (ja) * | 2014-10-28 | 2016-05-26 | ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ | ガスタービンシステムにおけるエミッション制御システム及びその方法 |
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KR102337021B1 (ko) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-12-08 | 주식회사 이엠코 | 화력발전소의 배가스 처리장치 및 화력발전소의 배가스 처리방법 |
CN114961945A (zh) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-08-30 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | 一种计算氨储质量的方法及装置 |
CN114961945B (zh) * | 2022-07-06 | 2024-05-17 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | 一种计算氨储质量的方法及装置 |
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US7824636B1 (en) | 2010-11-02 |
CN101961602A (zh) | 2011-02-02 |
CH701514A2 (de) | 2011-01-31 |
DE102010036348B4 (de) | 2022-10-06 |
DE102010036348A1 (de) | 2011-01-27 |
CH701514B1 (de) | 2015-02-13 |
JP5702959B2 (ja) | 2015-04-15 |
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