JP2010531878A - IL‐15とIL‐15Rαとの複合体及びその使用 - Google Patents
IL‐15とIL‐15Rαとの複合体及びその使用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】 【図1A−B】
Description
本願は、そのすべての内容が全体として引用により本明細書に組み込まれている2007年6月27日に出願された米国仮出願第60/937,471号の利益を要求する。
本発明は、保健福祉省の一機関である国立衛生研究所による共同の研究及び開発の合意実施で、創作された。米国の政府は、本発明における特定の権利を有する。
本発明は、癌、感染性疾患、自己免疫疾患、及び移植片拒絶反応を含むが、これらに限定されるわけではない、IL‐15仲介性シグナル伝達を包含する疾患の予防、治療及び/又は管理のためにIL‐15仲介性機能を調節する治療薬に関する。
サイトカインであるインターロイキン‐15(IL‐15)は、身体における多くの細胞によって産生されるリンホカインの4α螺旋束ファミリーの一員である。IL‐15は、自然免疫系及び適応免疫系の両者の活性を調節する上での中枢の役割、例えば、病原体を侵すことに対する記憶T細胞応答の維持、アポトーシスの阻害、樹状細胞の活性化、並びにナチュラルキラー(NK)細胞の増殖及び細胞傷害性活性の誘導を担っている。
本発明は、インターロイキン‐15(「IL‐15」)のシグナル伝達又は機能を調節する薬剤(「治療薬」)及び免疫機能を調節する該薬剤の使用に関する。該治療薬は、IL‐15とIL‐15の受容体との間の相互作用を標的とし、IL‐15誘発性シグナル伝達を調節する。該治療薬は、ヒト対象へ投与してIL‐15仲介性免疫機能を調節するために、ポリ‐β‐1→4‐N‐アセチルグルコサミン等のポリマーとともに製剤され得る。
本明細書で使用されるように、「約」及び「ほぼ」という用語は、修飾数値又は数値の範囲に対して使用されるとき、値又は範囲からの妥当な偏差、典型的には値又は範囲の5%又は10%超及び5%又は10%未満が、列挙される値又は範囲の企図される意味内にとどまることを示す。
本発明は、IL‐15のシグナル伝達又は機能を調節する薬剤(「治療薬」)及び免疫機能を調節するための該薬剤の使用に関する。該治療薬は、IL‐15と該IL‐15の受容体の相互作用を標的とし、IL‐15により誘導されるシグナル伝達を調節する。具体的な実施態様において、該治療薬は、IL‐15受容体β及びγ複合体と、IL‐15及びIL‐15Raから構成される複合体との相互作用を調節する。
本発明は、IL‐15により仲介される機能又はシグナル伝達を調節する治療薬を提供する。特に、本発明は、IL‐15により仲介される機能又はシグナル伝達を増強する治療薬(すなわち、アゴニスト性治療薬)を提供する。アゴニスト性治療薬の投与を必要とする対象へのアゴニスト性治療薬の投与は、IL‐15により仲介される機能又はシグナル伝達を増強し、それが順に、対象における免疫機能のある局面の増強を結果として生じる。免疫機能の増強は、例えば抗体反応(体液性反応)又は細胞性免疫応答、例えばサイトカイン分泌(例えば、インターフェロン‐γ)、ヘルパー活性又は細胞性細胞傷害性の形態にあることができる。一実施態様において、免疫機能の増強は、高いサイトカイン分泌、抗体産生、効果器機能、T細胞増殖、及び/又はNK細胞増殖である。
本発明は、IL‐15Raと共有結合し又は非共有結合するIL‐15を含む複合体(「IL‐15/IL‐15Ra複合体」)である治療薬を提供する。IL‐15/IL‐15Ra複合体は、βγ受容体複合体に結合できる。具体的な実施態様において、アゴニスト性治療薬は、IL‐15仲介性シグナル伝達、例えば、IL‐15仲介性Jak/Stat経路シグナル伝達を誘導できるIL‐15/IL‐15Ra複合体である。IL‐15仲介性シグナル伝達におけるこのような誘導は、対象における免疫機能の増強を結果的に生じる。
本発明は、IL‐15及びIL‐15Raをコードする核酸である治療薬を提供する。核酸は、上述の第5.1.1節に記載されるIL‐15/IL‐15Ra複合体を形成するよう互いに共有結合でき又は非共有結合できるIL‐15及びIL‐15Raをコードする。このようなIL‐15/IL‐15Ra複合体は、βγ受容体複合体に結合でき、IL‐15仲介性シグナル伝達を誘導できる。
IL‐15及び/又はIL‐15Raをコードする核酸は、哺乳動物細胞、細菌、酵母、及びウイルスにおける発現のための核酸コンストラクトへ挿入できる。IL‐15及びIL‐15Raは、同一の核酸コンストラクトから(例えば、2シストロン性核酸コンストラクトを使用して)又は異なる核酸コンストラクトから(例えば、単シストロン性核酸コンストラクトを使用して)組換えで発現できる。一実施態様において、IL‐15及びIL‐15Raは、IL‐15及びIL‐15Raの単一の読み枠(ORF)を含む単一の核酸コンストラクトから組換えで発現できる。
本発明は、IL‐15/IL‐15Ra複合体に特異的に結合する抗体を提供する。具体的な実施態様において、本発明は、IL‐15及びIL‐15Raが互いに結合するときに形成される複合体に特異的に結合する抗体を提供する。より具体的な実施態様において、本発明は、IL‐15とIL‐15Raの間に形成された複合体に特異的に結合しかつIL‐15仲介性シグナル伝達を防止し又は低下させる抗体を提供する。このような抗体は、本実施態様に従って、IL‐15とIL‐15Raとの複合体を、IL‐15受容体のβγ(又はCD122/CD132)受容体複合体と結合するのを(立体的に又は非立体的に)遮断し得る。具体的な実施態様において、該抗体は、当技術分野で周知の方法、例えば、ELISA、フローサイトメトリを含む細胞ベースのアッセイ、KinEx Aアッセイ、及びプラスモン表面共鳴アッセイ(例えば、ビアコアアッセイ)によって決定されるように、βγ複合体に対するIL‐15/IL‐15Ra複合体の結合をネガティブコントロールと比較して少なくとも1倍、2倍、3倍、4倍、5倍、6倍、7倍、8倍、9倍、10倍、11倍、12倍、13倍、14倍、15倍、16倍、17倍、18倍、19倍、20倍、30倍、40倍、50倍、60倍、70倍、80倍、90倍、100倍、500倍、又は1000倍低下させる(例えば、抗体の不在下でのβγ受容体複合体に対するIL‐15/IL‐15Ra複合体の結合親和性)。
細胞は、上述の第5.1.2節に記載された核酸コンストラクトによってコードされるタンパク質を多量に発現するよう操作できる。一実施態様において、多量のIL‐15/IL‐15Ra複合体は、対照細胞(例えば、IL‐15、IL‐15Ra、若しくはIL‐15及びIL‐15Raの両者を組換えで発現するよう遺伝子操作されていない細胞、又は空ベクターを含む細胞)によって内在的に発現したIL‐15/IL‐15Ra複合体の量よりも少なくとも1倍、2倍、3倍、4倍、5倍、6倍、7倍、8倍、9倍、10倍、20倍、又は20倍超多く細胞によって発現したIL‐15/IL‐15Ra複合体の量を指す。さらに、細胞は、当業者に周知の技術を使用して、上述の第5.1.3節に記載された抗体を発現するよう操作でき、例えば、米国特許第5,807,715号、第6,331,415号、及び第6,818,216号;米国特許出願公報第US2002/0098189号、第US2004/0028685号、第US2005/0019330号、及び第US2007/0086943号;国際公報第WO02/46237号;並びにHarlowらの文献(「抗体、実験室マニュアル(Antibodies. A Laboratory Manual)」, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2nd ed. 1988);Hammerlingらの文献(「モノクローナル抗体及びT細胞ハイブリドーマ(Monoclonal Antibodies and T-Cell Hybridomas)」, 563‐681, Elsevier, N.Y., 1981)を参照されたい(該引用文献は、それらのすべての内容が全体として引用により本明細書に組み込まれている。)。核酸の発現のために選択された宿主細胞は、細胞の企図される使用に依存するであろう。細胞が、例えばIL‐15及び/又はIL‐15Raを内在的に発現する細胞と同様にグリコシル化するかどうかなどの因子は、宿主細胞を選択する上で考慮され得る。
本発明は、ポリ‐β‐1→4‐N‐アセチルグルコサミン(「p‐GlcNAc」)を含む生物医学的使用に適した天然ポリマーとともに製剤される第5.1節に記載された治療薬を提供する。P‐GlcNAcは、甲殻類、真菌、又は微細藻類の源に由来するキチン及びキトサンにおいて見出されることができる。好ましい実施態様において、p‐GlcNAcは、それらのすべての内容が全体として引用により本明細書に組み込まれている米国特許出願公報第US2004/0220140号及び第US2001/0055807号並びに米国特許第5,622,834号;第5,623,064号;第5,624,679号;第5,686,115号;第5,858,350号;第6,599,720号;第6,686,342号;及び第7,115,588号に記載されるように精製される。具体的な実施態様において、ポリマーは、繊維の形態にある。しかしながら、粉末等の他の形態が使用され得る。
治療薬との組み合わせで使用するのに好ましいポリマーは、ポリ‐N‐アセチルグルコサミン又はその誘導体である。
本発明は、アゴニスト性治療薬及びアンタゴニスト治療薬を含む治療薬を含む組成物を提供する。組成物には、医薬組成物の製造において有用なバルクの薬物組成物(例えば、不純な又は非滅菌組成物)、及び単位剤形の調製において使用できる医薬組成物(すなわち、対象又は患者への投与に適した組成物)が含まれる。該組成物は、有効量の治療薬又は治療薬と医薬として許容し得る担体との組み合わせを含む。具体的な実施態様において、該組成物は、有効量の1つ以上の治療薬及び医薬として許容し得る担体を含む。いくつかの実施態様において、該組成物はさらに、さらなる治療薬、例えば、抗癌薬、抗ウイルス薬、抗炎症薬、アジュバントを含む。このような治療薬に関する制限的でない例は、以下の第5.4.5節に提供される。
本発明は、上述の第5.2節に記載されたようなポリマーとともに製剤された、治療薬を含む組成物(及び医薬組成物)を提供する。治療薬とポリマーとを含む多様な製剤が本明細書に記載されている。
本発明に従って使用するための医薬組成物は、医薬として許容し得る1つ以上の担体又は賦形剤を使用して従来の様式で製剤され得る。
(5.4.1.免疫機能の増強)
本発明は、IL‐15仲介性免疫機能の増強を必要とする対象へ、アゴニスト性治療薬又はアゴニスト性治療薬を含む組成物を投与することを含む、IL‐15仲介性免疫機能の増強方法を提供する。具体的な実施態様において、本発明は、免疫機能を増強することが望ましい疾患を予防し、治療し、及び/又は管理することを必要とする対象へ、アゴニスト性治療薬又はアゴニスト性治療薬を含む組成物を投与することを含む、免疫機能を増強することが望ましい疾患を予防し、治療し、及び/又は管理する方法を提供する。具体的な実施態様において、アゴニスト性治療薬は、上述の第5.2節に記載されているポリマーとともに製剤される。他の具体的な実施態様において、該方法は、併用療法を含み、この中で、アゴニスト性治療薬は、以下に記載されるものなどの別の治療法との組み合わせで対象へ投与され、IL‐15仲介性免疫機能を増強する。具体的な実施態様において、アゴニスト性治療薬は、ワクチン組成物との組み合わせで投与され、ワクチン組成物によって惹起された免疫応答を誘導し又は増強する。免疫機能の増強によって予防でき、治療でき、又は管理できる疾患に関する、制限的でない例には、癌及び感染性疾患が含まれるが、これらに限定されるわけではない。多様な癌及び感染性疾患は、以下に記載される。具体的な実施態様において、本明細書に記載されるアゴニスト性治療薬は、癌と関連した容態又は抗癌療法(例えば、化学療法又は照射など)の投与から結果として生じる容態を治療し又は管理するのに使用できる。別の実施態様において、アゴニスト性治療薬は、患者における1つ以上の免疫細胞集団の増殖及び/又は効果器機能を高めるために、癌と診断された患者へ投与される。
本発明は、癌を予防し、治療し、及び/又は管理することを必要とする対象へ、有効量のアゴニスト性治療薬又はアゴニスト性治療薬を含む組成物を投与することを含む、癌を予防し、治療し、及び/又は管理する方法を提供する。具体的な実施態様において、アゴニスト性治療薬は、上述の第5.2節に記載されているポリマーとともに製剤される。
本発明は、感染性疾患を治療し、予防し及び/又は管理することを必要とする対象へ、有効量のアゴニスト性治療薬又はアゴニスト性治療薬を含む組成物を投与することを含む、感染性疾患を治療し、予防し及び/又は管理する方法を提供する。
本発明は、IL‐15仲介性免疫機能の抑制を必要とする対象へ、アンタゴニスト性治療薬又はアンタゴニスト性治療薬を含む組成物を投与することを含む、対象におけるIL‐15仲介性免疫機能の抑制方法を提供する。具体的な実施態様において、本発明は、免疫機能を抑制することが望ましい疾患を予防し、治療し、及び/又は管理することが必要な対象へ、アンタゴニスト性治療薬又はアンタゴニスト性治療薬を含む組成物を投与することを含む、免疫機能を抑制することが望ましい疾患を予防し、治療し、及び/又は管理方法を提供する。具体的な実施態様において、アンタゴニスト性治療薬は、上述の第5.2節に記載されているポリマーとともに製剤される。他の実施態様において、アンタゴニスト性治療薬は、1つ以上の他の治療法との組み合わせで投与され、IL‐15仲介性免疫機能を抑制できる。免疫機能を抑制することによって予防でき、治療でき、又は管理できる疾患に関する制限のない例には、自己免疫疾患、炎症性障害、移植片対宿主病、及び移植片拒絶反応が含まれるが、これらに限定されるわけではない。
本発明は、自己免疫障害又は炎症性障害を治療し、予防し及び/又は管理することを必要とする対象へ、有効量のアンタゴニスト性治療薬又はアンタゴニスト性治療薬を含む組成物を投与することを含む、対象における自己免疫障害又は炎症性障害を治療し、予防し及び/又は管理する方法を提供する。また、本発明は、炎症を低下させることを必要とする対象へ、有効量のアンタゴニスト性治療薬又はアンタゴニスト性治療薬を含む組成物を投与することを含む、対象における炎症を低下させる方法を提供する。自己免疫障害及び炎症性障害に関する制限のない例には、移植片拒絶反応及び移植片対宿主病(GVHD)が含まれる。GVHDは、提供者の免疫細胞(例えば、提供者のT細胞)が、受容者対象の身体における細胞を攻撃する場合に生じる。移植片拒絶反応は、移植された臓器又は組織が、移植片の受容者の身体によって受け入れられるのに失敗する場合に生じる。一般的に、移植片拒絶反応は、移植された臓器又は組織を攻撃する受容者(例えば、受容者のT細胞)の免疫系に起因する。
治療薬は、当技術分野で公知の経路を介して投与できる。具体的な実施態様において、ポリマーとともに製剤される治療薬は、局所送達に特に適しているが、またこのような製剤は、全身性投与向けであることができる。
IL‐15の機能によって影響される疾患の予防、治療及び/又は管理において効果的であろう治療薬の量、又は治療薬を含む組成物の量は、標準的な臨床技術によって決定できる。インビトロ又はインビボでのアッセイは、最適な薬用量範囲を同定するのを助けるために任意に採用され得る。また、採用されるべき精確な用量は、例えば、投与の経路、症状のタイプ、及び症状の重度によるであろうし、開業医の判断及び各患者又は対象の情況に従って決定されるべきである。
IL‐15の機能/シグナル伝達によって影響される疾患、例えば、癌、感染性疾患、自己免疫疾患及び炎症性疾患、及び移植片拒絶反応の予防、治療又は管理のために、治療薬(すなわち、アゴニスト性治療薬及びアンタゴニスト性治療薬)との組み合わせで使用できる他の治療法には、小分子、合成薬物、ペプチド(環状ペプチドを含む。)、ポリペプチド、タンパク質、核酸(例えば、アンチセンスヌクレオチド配列、三重螺旋、RNAi、及び生物活性のあるタンパク質、ポリペプチド又はペプチドをコードするヌクレオチド配列を含むが、これらに限定されるわけではないDNA及びRNAヌクレオチド)、抗体、合成又は天然無機分子、模倣薬、及び合成又は天然有機分子が含まれるが、これらに限定されるわけではない。このような治療法の具体的な例には、免疫調節薬(例えば、インターフェロン)、抗炎症薬(例えば、アドレノコルチコイド、コルチコイド(例えば、ベクロメタゾン、ブデソニド、フルニソリド、フルチカゾン、トリアムシノロン、メチルプレドニゾロン、プレドニゾロン、プレドニゾン、ヒドロコルチゾン)、グルココルチコイド、ステロイド、及び非ステロイド性抗炎症薬(例えば、アスピリン、イブプロフェン、ジクロフェナク、及びCOX‐2阻害剤)、疼痛緩和剤、ロイコトレイン(leukotreine)アンタゴニスト(例えば、モンテルカスト、メチルキサンチン、ザフィルルカスト、及びジロートン)、β2アゴニスト(例えば、アルブテロール、ビテロール、フェノテロール、イソエタリー(isoetharie)、メタプロテレノール、ピルブテロール、サルブタモール、テルブタリンフォルモテロール、サルメテロール、及びサルブタモールテルブタリン)、抗コリン薬(例えば、臭化イプラトロピウム及び臭化オキシトロピウム)、スルファサラジン、ぺニシラミン、ダプソン、抗ヒスタミン薬、抗マラリア薬(例えば、ヒドロキシクロロキン)、抗ウイルス薬(例えば、ヌクレオシド類似体(例えば、ジドブジン、アシクロビル、ガングシクロビル(gangcyclovir)、ビダラビン、イドクスウリジン、トリフルリジン、及びリバビリン)、ホスカルネット、アマンタジン、リマンタジン、サキナビル、インジナビル、リトナビル、及びAZT)及び抗生物質(例えば、ダクチノマイシン(旧アクチノマイシン)、ブレオマイシン、エリソマイシン(erythomycin)、ペニシリン、ミトラマイシン、及びアントラマイシン(AMC))が含まれるが、これらに限定されるわけではない。
治療薬との組み合わせで使用できる1つ以上の他の治療法に関する制限のない例には、化学療法薬及び非化学療法的免疫調節薬等の免疫調節薬が含まれるが、これらに限定されるわけではない。化学療法薬に関する制限的でない例には、メトトレキサート、シクロスポリンA、レフルノミド、シスプラチン、イホスファミド、タキソール及びパクリタキソール(paclitaxol)等のタキサン、トポイソメラーゼI阻害剤(例えば、CPT‐11、トポテカン、9‐AC、及びGG‐211)、ゲムシタビン、ビノレルビン、オキサリプラチン、5‐フルオロウラシル(5‐FU)、ロイコボリン、ビノレルビン、テモダール、サイトカラシンB、グラミシジンD、エメチン、マイトマイシン、エトポシド、テノポシド(tenoposide)、ビンクリスチン、ビンブラスチン、コルヒチン、ドキソルビシン、ダウノルビシン、ジヒドロキシアントラシンジオン、ミトキサントロン、ミトラマイシン、アクチノマイシンD、1‐デヒドロテストステロン、グルココルチコイド、プロカイン、テトラカイン、リドカイン、プロプラノロール、及びピューロマイシン相同体、及びシトキサンが含まれる。非化学療法的免疫調節薬の例には、抗T細胞受容体抗体(例えば、抗CD4抗体(例えば、cM‐T412(Boeringer)、IDEC‐CE9.1(登録商標)(IDEC及びSKB)、mAB 4162W94、オルトクローン(Orthoclone)及びOKTcdr4a(Janssen‐Cilag))、抗CD3抗体(例えば、ヌヴィオン(Product Design Labs)、OKT3(Johnson & Johnson)、又はリツキサン(IDEC))、抗CD5抗体(例えば、抗CD5リシン結合型免疫抱合体)、抗CD7抗体(例えば、CHH‐380(Novartis))、抗CD8抗体、抗CD40リガンドモノクローナル抗体(例えば、IDEC‐131(IDEC))、抗CD52抗体(例えば、CAMPATH 1H(Ilex))、抗CD2抗体(例えば、MEDI‐507(MedImmune社, 国際公報第WO02/098370号及び第WO02/069904号)、抗CD11a抗体(例えば、キサネリム(Xanelim)(Genentech))、及び抗B7抗体(例えば、IDEC‐114)(IDEC));抗サイトカイン受容体抗体(例えば、抗IFN受容体抗体、抗IL‐2受容体抗体(例えば、ゼナパックス(Zenapax)(Protein Design Labs))、抗IL‐4受容体抗体、抗IL‐6受容体抗体、抗IL‐10受容体抗体、及び抗IL‐12受容体抗体)、抗サイトカイン抗体(例えば、抗IFN抗体、抗TNF‐α抗体、抗IL‐1β抗体、抗IL‐6抗体、抗IL‐8抗体(例えば、ABX‐IL‐8(Abgenix))、抗IL‐12抗体及び抗IL‐23抗体));CTLA4‐免疫グロブリン;LFA‐3TIP(Biogen, 国際公報第WO93/08656号及び米国特許第6,162,432号);可溶性サイトカイン受容体(例えば、TNF‐α受容体又はその断片の細胞外ドメイン、IL‐1β受容体又はその断片の細胞外ドメイン、及びIL‐6受容体又はその断片の細胞外ドメイン);サイトカイン又はその断片(例えば、インターロイキン(IL)‐2、IL‐3、IL‐4、IL‐5、IL‐6、IL‐7、IL‐8、IL‐9、IL‐10、IL‐11、IL‐12、IL‐15、IL‐23、TNF‐α、TNF‐β、インターフェロン(IFN)‐α、IFN‐β、IFN‐γ、及びGM‐CSF);並びに抗サイトカイン抗体(例えば、抗IL‐2抗体、抗IL‐4抗体、抗IL‐6抗体、抗IL‐10抗体、抗IL‐12抗体、抗IL‐15抗体、抗TNF‐α抗体、及び抗IFN‐γ抗体)、及び腫瘍関連抗原に免疫特異的に結合する抗体(例えば、Herceptin(登録商標))が含まれるが、これらに限定されるわけではない。ある実施態様において、免疫調節薬は、化学療法薬以外の免疫調節薬である。他の実施態様において、免疫調節薬は、IL‐1、IL‐2、IL‐4、IL‐12、IL‐15、TNF、IFN‐α、IFN‐β、IFN‐γ、M‐CSF、G‐CSF、IL‐3又はエリスロポエチン等のサイトカイン又はヘマポエティック(hemapoietic)以外の免疫調節薬である。さらに他の実施態様において、免疫調節薬は、化学療法薬及びサイトカイン又はヘマポエティック(hemapoietic)因子以外の薬剤である。
キナーゼC阻害剤、微細藻類型;タンパク質チロシンホスファターゼ阻害剤;プリンヌクレオシドホスホリラーゼ阻害剤;プルプリン;ピラゾロアクリジン;ピリドキシル化したヘモグロビンポリオキシエチレン抱合体;rafアンタゴニスト;ラルチトレキセド;ラモセトロン;rasファルネシルタンパク質トランスフェラーゼ阻害剤;ras阻害剤;ras‐GAP阻害剤;レテリプチン、脱メチル化型;エチドロン酸レニウムRe 186;リゾキシン;リボザイム;RIIレチンアミド;ログレチミド;ロヒツキン(rohitukine);ロムルチド;ロキニメックス;ルビギノンB1;ルボキシル;サフィンゴール;サイントピン;SarCNU;サルコフィトールA;サルグラモスチム;Sdi 1模倣薬;セムスチン;老化由来阻害剤1;センスオリゴヌクレオチド;シグナル伝達阻害剤;シグナル伝達修飾薬;一本鎖抗原結合タンパク質;シゾフィラン;ソブゾキサン;ナトリウムボロカプタート(borocaptate);フェニル酢酸ナトリウム;ソルベロール(solverol);ソマトメジン結合タンパク質;ソネルミン(sonermin);スパルホス酸(sparfosic acid);スピカマイシンD;スピロムスチン;スプレノペンチン;スポンギスタチン1;スクアラミン;幹細胞阻害剤;幹細胞分裂阻害剤;スチピアミド;ストロメライシン阻害剤;スルフィノシン;超活性型(superactive)血管作用性小腸ペプチドアンタゴニスト;スラジスタ(suradista);スラミン;スウェインソニン;合成グリコサミノグリカン;タリムスチン;タモキシフェンメチオジド;タウロムスチン;タザロテン;テコガラン(tecogalan)ナトリウム;テガフール;テルラピリリウム(tellurapyrylium);テロメラーゼ阻害剤;テモポルフィン;テモゾロミド;テニポシド;テトラクロロデカオキシド;テトラゾミン;タリブラスチン;チオコラリン;トロンボポエチン;トロンボポエチン模倣薬;サイマルファシン(thymalfasin);サイモポエチン受容体アゴニスト;チモトリナン;甲状腺刺激ホルモン;スズエチルエチオプルプリン(etiopurpurin);チラパザミン;二塩化チタノセン(titanocene);トプセンチン;トレミフェン;全能性幹細胞因子;翻訳阻害剤;トレチノイン;トリアセチルウリジン;トリシリビン;トリメトトレキサート;トリプトレリン;トロピセトロン;ツロステリド;チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;チロホスチン;USB阻害剤;ウベニメクス;尿生殖洞由来増殖阻害因子;ウロキナーゼ受容体アンタゴニスト;バプレオチド;バリオリンB;ベクター系の赤血球遺伝子治療;ベラレソール;ベラミン;ベルジン;ベルテポルフィン;ビノレルビン;ビンキサルチン(vinxaltine);Vitaxin(登録商標);ボロゾール;ザノテロン;ゼニプラチン(zeniplatin);ジラスコルブ;及びジノスタチンスチマラマーである。さらなる抗癌薬は、5‐フルオロウラシル及びロイコボリンである。これら2つの薬剤は、サリドマイド及びトポイソメラーゼ阻害剤を採用する方法において使用される場合、特に有用である。具体的な実施態様において、抗癌薬は化学療法薬ではない。
治療薬との組み合わせで使用できる抗ウイルス薬には、非ヌクレオシド系逆転写酵素阻害剤、ヌクレオシド逆転写酵素阻害剤、プロテアーゼ阻害剤、及び融合阻害剤が含まれるが、これらに限定されるわけではない。一実施態様において、抗ウイルス薬は、アマンタジン、リン酸オセルタミビル、リマンタジン、及びザナミビルからなる群から選択される。別の実施態様において、抗ウイルス薬は、デラビルジン、エファビレンツ、及びネビラピンからなる群から選択される非ヌクレオシド系逆転写酵素阻害剤である。別の実施態様において、抗ウイルス薬は、アバカビル、ジダノシン、エムトリシタビン、エムトリシタビン、ラミブジン、スタブジン、テノフォビルDF、ザルシタビン、及びジドブジンからなる群から選択されるヌクレオシド系逆転写酵素阻害剤である。別の実施態様において、抗ウイルス薬は、アンプレナビル、アタザナビル、ホスアンプレナブ(fosamprenav)、インジナビル、ロピナビル、ネルフィナビル、リトナビル、及びサキナビルからなる群から選択されるプロテアーゼ阻害剤である。別の実施態様において、抗ウイルス薬は、エンフビルチド等の融合阻害剤である。
抗生物質を含む、治療薬との組み合わせで使用できる抗菌薬には、アミノグリコシド系抗生物質、糖ペプチド系、アンフェニコール系抗生物質、アンサマイシン系抗生物質、セファロスポリン系、セファマイシン系オキサゾリジノン系、ペニシリン系、キノロン系、ストレプトガミン系(streptogamins)、テトラサイクリン系、及びそれらの類似体が含まれるが、これらに限定されるわけではない。いくつかの実施態様において、抗生物質は、治療薬との組み合わせで投与され、細菌感染を予防し及び/又は治療する。
(5.5.1.治療薬の機能を検査するアッセイ)
(5.5.1.1.細胞ベースのアッセイ)
本発明は、IL‐15/IL‐15Ra複合体の活性を調節する薬剤を同定する方法を提供する。薬剤の活性は、IL‐15感受性細胞系、例えば、CTLL‐2細胞、マウス細胞傷害性Tリンパ腫細胞系(ATCC受託番号TIB‐214)又はTF1‐β細胞を使用してアッセイできる。例えば、国際公報第WO05/085282号を参照されたい。例えば、IL‐15仲介性機能のアンタゴニストを同定するために、1つ以上のアンタゴニスト治療薬(例えば、抗体)の存在下又は不在下でIL‐15/IL‐15Ra複合体とともに培養されたCTLL‐2細胞又はTF1‐β細胞の増殖は、当技術分野で周知の3H‐チミジン組み込みアッセイによって評価でき、そのすべての内容が全体として引用により本明細書に組み込まれている国際公報第WO05/085282号に記載されている。
IL‐15/IL‐15Ra複合体に免疫特異的に結合する抗体の同定は、当技術分野で周知の方法、例えば、ELISA、免疫共沈降、ビアコアアッセイ、及びKinEx Aアッセイを使用して評価できる。
治療薬は好ましくは、ヒトにおける使用の前に、所望の治療活性又は予防活性についてインビボでアッセイされる。例えば、一実施態様において、治療薬は、動物における疾患又は障害の発症と同時に動物へ投与できる。別の実施態様において、治療薬は、動物における疾患又は障害の発症前に動物へ投与できる。別の実施態様において、治療薬は、動物における疾患又は障害の発症後に動物へ投与できる。具体的な実施態様において、治療薬は、動物へ2回以上投与される。別の具体的な実施態様において、治療薬は、別の治療法との組み合わせで投与される。
本明細書に記載されている予防的及び/又は治療的プロトコールの毒性及び/又は効能は、例えば、LD50(集団の50%に対する致死用量)及びED50(集団の50%において治療効果のある用量)を決定するための細胞培養物又は実験動物における標準的な医薬手法によって決定できる。毒性効果と治療効果との用量比は、治療係数であり、LD50/ED50比として表すことができる。大きな治療係数を呈する治療法が好ましい。毒性のある副作用を呈する治療法が使用され得るが、このような薬剤を罹患した組織の部位へ標的化する送達系を設計して、感染していない細胞に対する潜在的な損傷を最小化し、それにより副作用を減少させる。
IL‐15についての核酸発現コンストラクト(例えば、図5A〜D参照)を単独で又はIL‐15sRa(例えば、図7A〜D参照)若しくはIL‐15Ra(例えば、図6A〜D参照)についての核酸発現コンストラクトとの組み合わせで、ハイグロマイシン耐性を付与するプラスミドとともにヒト293細胞へ形質移入した。IL15tPAは、天然IL‐15分泌シグナルを置換するtPAプレプロペプチド(すなわち、シグナルペプチド)を有する最適化した核酸発現コンストラクトを示す。「Ra」及び「sRa」は、全長のIL‐15Ra及びIL‐15Raの細胞外部分(可溶性形態)の発現にそれぞれ使用される最適化した発現ベクターを示す。形質移入した細胞をハイグロマイシン(250μg/mL)で処理し、急速に増殖する抵抗性細胞の病巣を単離し、拡張した。異なるクローンの上清を、培養における2日後のIL‐15発現についてELISA(R&D Systems QuantikineヒトIL‐15 Elisaキット)によってアッセイした。IL‐15産生は、両遺伝子を受容する細胞においてより高い(p=0.0166)。IL‐15の2つの測定結果を、ほとんどのクローンについて決定した。
本発明は、本明細書に記載されている具体的な実施態様による範囲に限定されるわけではない。実際、本明細書に記載されている改変に加えて、本発明の多様な改変は、前述の記載及び付随する図から、当業者に明らかとなるであろう。このような改変は、付記される特許請求の範囲の範囲内に収まるよう企図される。
Claims (22)
- 癌の治療を必要とするヒト対象へ、(i)ヒトIL‐15又はその誘導体、及び(ii)ヒトIL‐15受容体α(「IL‐15Ra」)又はその誘導体を組換えで同時発現するよう操作された、照射された癌細胞を含む組成物を投与することを含む、ヒト対象における癌を治療する方法。
- 前記照射された癌細胞を、前記対象から得られた癌細胞を使用して生成する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記照射された癌細胞が、ヒトIL‐15及びヒトIL‐15Ra又はそれらの誘導体を組換えで発現する、請求項1又は2記載の方法。
- 前記照射された癌細胞が、ヒトIL‐15誘導体及びヒトIL‐15Raを組換えで発現する、請求項1又は2記載の方法。
- 前記照射された癌細胞が、ヒトIL‐15誘導体及びヒトIL‐15Ra誘導体を組換えで発現する、請求項1又は2記載の方法。
- 前記ヒトIL‐15Ra又はヒトIL‐15Ra誘導体が可溶性である、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記照射された癌細胞が、1つ以上の他の治療用ポリペプチドをさらに組換えで発現する、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 自己免疫障害又は炎症性障害の治療を必要とするヒト対象へ、IL‐15/IL‐15Ra複合体に特異的に結合し、かつ細胞培養物又はインビトロにおいて決定されるようにβ‐γ受容体複合体に対するIL‐15/IL‐15Ra複合体の結合を低下させる有効量の抗体を投与することを含む、ヒト対象における自己免疫障害又は炎症性障害の治療方法。
- 前記抗体が、モノクローナルヒト化抗体である、請求項8記載の方法。
- IL‐15仲介性免疫機能の増強を必要とするヒト対象へ、ポリ‐β‐1→4‐N‐アセチルグルコサミンポリマーとともに製剤された有効量のIL‐15/IL‐15Ra複合体を含む組成物を投与することを含み、ここで、該IL‐15/IL‐15Ra複合体が、ヒトIL‐15Ra又はその誘導体に共有結合し又は非共有結合したヒトIL‐15又はその誘導体を含む、ヒト対象におけるIL‐15仲介性免疫機能の増強方法。
- 前記IL‐15/IL‐15Ra複合体が、ヒトIL‐15及びヒトIL‐15Ra又はそれらの誘導体を含む、請求項10記載の方法。
- 前記IL‐15/IL‐15Ra複合体が、ヒトIL‐15誘導体及びヒトIL‐15Raを含む、請求項10記載の方法。
- 前記IL‐15/IL‐15Ra複合体が、ヒトIL‐15誘導体及びヒトIL‐15Ra誘導体を含む、請求項10記載の方法。
- 前記ヒトIL‐15Ra又はヒトIL‐Ra誘導体が可溶性である、請求項10〜13のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 前記方法が、前記ヒト対象へ1つ以上の他の治療用ポリペプチドを投与することをさらに含む、請求項10〜14のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- ヒトIL‐15及びヒトIL‐15Raを組換えで発現する照射された癌細胞を製造する方法であって、(i)癌と診断された対象から癌細胞を単離する工程;(ii)組換えヒトIL‐15又はその誘導体とヒトIL‐15Ra又はその誘導体とをコードする核酸コンストラクトを導入する工程;及び(iii)該癌細胞を照射する工程を含む、前記方法。
- 前記ヒトIL‐15Ra又はヒトIL‐15Ra誘導体が可溶性である、請求項16記載の方法。
- 請求項16又は請求項17記載の方法によって製造された、ヒトIL‐15及びヒトIL‐15Raを組換えで発現する照射された癌細胞。
- 請求項18記載の照射された癌細胞を含む医薬組成物。
- 前記照射された癌細胞が、ポリ‐β‐1→4‐N‐アセチルグルコサミンポリマーとともに製剤されている、請求項19記載の医薬組成物。
- 哺乳動物IL‐15又はその誘導体と哺乳動物IL‐15Ra又はその誘導体とを組換えで発現する細胞であって、少なくとも0.6pgの哺乳動物IL‐15又はその誘導体を発現する、前記細胞。
- 前記細胞が、無血清培地において増殖する、請求項21記載の細胞。
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JP2022116129A (ja) * | 2015-12-18 | 2022-08-09 | オンコセック メディカル インコーポレイテッド | 異種タンパク質発現のためのプラスミド構築物及びその使用方法 |
US11713467B2 (en) | 2015-12-18 | 2023-08-01 | Oncosec Medical Incorporated | Plasmid constructs for heterologous protein expression and methods of use |
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