JP2010523657A - ゲルマニウム−ゼオライト触媒を用いたアルカンの芳香族化 - Google Patents
ゲルマニウム−ゼオライト触媒を用いたアルカンの芳香族化 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2010523657A JP2010523657A JP2010503007A JP2010503007A JP2010523657A JP 2010523657 A JP2010523657 A JP 2010523657A JP 2010503007 A JP2010503007 A JP 2010503007A JP 2010503007 A JP2010503007 A JP 2010503007A JP 2010523657 A JP2010523657 A JP 2010523657A
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- zeolite
- range
- hydrogen
- sulfur
- Prior art date
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000005899 aromatization reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 23
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- -1 aluminum-silicon-germanium Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003701 inert diluent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical group [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 38
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 30
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 10
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylpentane Chemical compound CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- QNLZIZAQLLYXTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C)C(C)=CC=C21 QNLZIZAQLLYXTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Ge]=O YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)C(CN1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1lambda4,2lambda4-dimolybdacyclopropa-1,2,3-triene Chemical compound [Mo]=C=[Mo] QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZFUQSJFWNHZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 WZFUQSJFWNHZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFGOFGRYDNHJTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-1-(2-fluorophenyl)ethanol Chemical compound NCC(O)C1=CC=CC=C1F MFGOFGRYDNHJTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910039444 MoC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002789 polymer coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOKPITBUODAHEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylideneplatinum Chemical compound [Pt]=S JOKPITBUODAHEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005486 sulfidation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 108700012359 toxins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010555 transalkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
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- C07C5/373—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with formation of free hydrogen with simultaneous isomerisation
- C07C5/393—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with formation of free hydrogen with simultaneous isomerisation with cyclisation to an aromatic six-membered ring, e.g. dehydrogenation of n-hexane to benzene
- C07C5/41—Catalytic processes
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- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
- B01J29/42—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
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- C07C5/373—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with formation of free hydrogen with simultaneous isomerisation
- C07C5/393—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with formation of free hydrogen with simultaneous isomerisation with cyclisation to an aromatic six-membered ring, e.g. dehydrogenation of n-hexane to benzene
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- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
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Abstract
Description
M[(SiO2)(XO2)x(YO2)y]Z+ y/n
として表わされ、ここで、Mは、白金、パラジウム、ロジウム、イリジウム、ルテニウムまたはそれらの組合せなどの貴金属であり、Xは四価原子であり、Yはアルミニウムおよび必要に応じて別の三価元素であり、Zは、H+、Na+、K+、Rb+、Cs+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Sr2+またはBa2+などのnの価数の陽イオンまたは陽イオンの組合せであり、xは0〜0.15で変動し、yは0〜0.125である。IUPACの推奨によれば、例示の触媒は:
|Cs+Pt|[Si91Ge4Al1O192]−MFI
と表されるであろう。
Ge−ZSM−5ゼオライトの合成
15.84gの50質量%のNaOH溶液を131.25gの脱イオン(DI)水で希釈し、次いで、7.11gの二酸化ゲルマニウムを溶解させることによって、溶液1を調製した。3.84gのアルミン酸ナトリウム溶液(23.6質量%のアルミナおよび19.4質量%の酸化ナトリウム)を153.9gのDI水で希釈することによって、溶液2を調製した。溶液1を150gのLudox AS−40(コロイド状態にある40質量%のシリカ)に加え、10分間激しく撹拌して、均質な混合物を得た。この混合物中に溶液2を入れ、撹拌した。15分間の激しい撹拌後、105.42gの水酸化テトラ−n−プロピルアンモニウム(TPAOH)を加え、この混合物を60分間撹拌した。最後に、このゲルに23.32gの氷酢酸を加えて、混合物のpHを約9に調節した。この混合物を1Lのステンレス鋼製オートクレーブに装填し、撹拌しながら、36時間に亘り160℃で加熱した。その後、得られた固体を母液から濾過し、DI水で洗浄した。この固体を炉内で通気しながら6時間に亘り550℃でか焼した。固体のMFI構造を、粉末X線回折パターンを測定することによって確認した。
1%のPt/CsGeZSM−5:
上述のように調製したGeZSM−5、8gを200mlのCsNO3(0.5M)水溶液で洗浄し、次いで、濾過した。次いで、濾液を再度、0.5MのCsNO3で3回洗浄し、最後の濾過時に蒸留H2Oで濯いだ。次いで、ゼオライト粉末を空気中において280℃で3時間に亘りか焼した。
1%のPt/CsZSM−5:
12gの市販のZSM−5(Zeolyst CBV5524G)を300mlのCsNO3(0.5M)水溶液で洗浄し、次いで、濾過した。次いで、濾液を再度、0.5MのCsNO3で3回洗浄し、最後の濾過時に蒸留H2Oで濯いだ。次いで、ゼオライト粉末を空気中において280℃で3時間に亘りか焼した。
1%のPt/BaZSM−5:
8gの市販のZSM−5(Zeolyst CBV5524G)を150mlのBaNO3(0.25M)水溶液で洗浄し、次いで、濾過した。次いで、濾液を再度、0.25MのBaNO3で4回洗浄し、最後の濾過時に蒸留H2Oで濯いだ。次いで、ゼオライト粉末を空気中において280℃で3時間に亘りか焼した。
1%のPt/HZSM−5:
2.2822gの脱イオン水中に溶解した0.0701gのPt(NH2)4(NO3)2の溶液を、3.505gの市販のZSM−5(Zeolyst CBV5524G)に滴下により加えることによって、初期の湿潤含浸を行った。材料を110℃の乾燥炉内で1時間に亘り乾燥させ、次いで、3時間に亘り280℃でか焼した。
上述した手法により調製された触媒を以下のようにテストした:
不活性石英片と混合された触媒粒子を、外径1/4インチ(約0.64cm)のプラグ式反応装置中に充填した。約150℃の温度で、流動する水素流中に、n−ヘキサンを気化して入れた。このガス混合物を反応装置に通したが、この反応装置は、外部加熱ジャケットにより特定の反応温度に維持した。この反応生成物をガスクロマトグラフィーにより分析した。メタンからジメチルナフタレンまでのサイズに及ぶ生成物が観察された。イソヘキサン(例えば、2−メチルペンタン)およびオレフィン(例えば、1−ヘキセン)を含む、様々なC6異性化生成物が観察された。転化率および選択性を計算する目的で、これらのC6生成物は、未反応であると考えた。報告された選択性は、生成されたベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、およびエチルベンゼンの合計を、回収されたベンゼンとC1〜C5およびC7+材料の合計で割ったものとして計算される。これらの選択性は、モルC6基準で表される。活性は、運転中25時間後の総C6転化率(異性化は含まない)についてのものであり、5600/hのガス空間速度での460℃での50%の転化率を生じる触媒に対するものである。結果が、以下の表1に示されている。
1%のPt/KGeZSM−5:
上述のように調製したGeZSM−5、8gを200mlのKNO3(0.5M)水溶液で洗浄し、次いで、濾過した。次いで、濾液を再度、0.5MのKNO3で3回洗浄し、最後の濾過時に蒸留H2Oで濯いだ。次いで、ゼオライト粉末を空気中において280℃で3時間に亘りか焼した。
1%のPt/KL:
市販のL−ゼオライト(東ソーHSZ500KOA)のサンプルをカリウム交換形態で得た。
供給流 − 100%のn−ヘプタン
H2/n−C7=0.84
LHSV=5.4/h
温度=515℃
転化率:51%
芳香族選択性:92%(ほとんどがトルエン)
供給流 − 100%のn−ヘプタン
H2/n−C7=0.84
LHSV=2.7/h
温度=515℃
転化率:63%
芳香族選択性:93%(ほとんどがトルエン)
供給流 − 100%のn−オクタン
H2/n−C8=0.93
LHSV=8.6/h
温度=515℃
転化率:約35%
芳香族選択性:88%
芳香族組成:エチルベンゼン − 53%
o−キシレン − 33%
m−キシレン − 10%
p−キシレン − 3%
Claims (36)
- 炭化水素の芳香族化方法であって、
a) 分子当たり6から12の炭素原子を有するアルカンを含有する供給物を、貴金属がその上に堆積された、細孔が中くらいまたは大きい、非酸性のアルミニウム−ケイ素−ゲルマニウムゼオライトを含む少なくとも1種類の触媒と接触させ、
b) 芳香族生成物を回収する、
各工程を有してなる方法。 - 前記ゼオライトのケイ素のアルミニウムに対する原子比Si:Alが2より大きいことを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記ケイ素のアルミニウムに対する原子比が10から200の範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項2記載の方法。
- 前記ケイ素のアルミニウムに対する原子比が20から100の範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項3記載の方法。
- 前記ゼオライトが、細孔が中くらいのゼオライトであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記ゼオライトの平均粒径が約5から約7オングストロームの範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項5記載の方法。
- 前記ゼオライトのゲルマニウム含有量が0.05質量%から10質量%の範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記ゼオライトのゲルマニウム含有量が2質量%から8質量%の範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項7記載の方法。
- 前記貴金属が0.05%から3%の範囲で含まれることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記貴金属が0.2%から2%の範囲で含まれることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記貴金属が0.2%から1.5%の範囲で含まれることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記貴金属が、白金、パラジウム、イリジウム、ロジウムまたはルテニウムであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記貴金属が白金であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記アルカンと前記触媒の接触が、0.1/hと100/hの間の範囲の液空間速度で行われることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記アルカンと前記触媒の接触が、200℃と600℃の間の範囲の温度で行われることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記アルカンと前記触媒の接触が、絶対圧で5psiと315psi(約34.5kPaと約2.17MPa)の間の範囲の圧力で行われることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記ゼオライトが、MFI、BEA、MOR、LTLまたはMTT構造を有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記触媒がさらに硫黄を含有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記触媒が、最初に水素で処理され、次に硫黄化合物で処理され、次いで再び、水素で処理されることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記硫黄化合物が、H2S、CnH2n+2SまたはCnH2n+2S2であり、ここで、n=1〜20であることを特徴とする請求項19記載の方法。
- 前記触媒が、硫化水素もしくは硫化水素と水素または窒素との混合物の存在下で150℃と800℃の間の温度まで加熱されることを特徴とする請求項19記載の方法。
- 前記温度が250℃と600℃の間であることを特徴とする請求項21記載の方法。
- 前記触媒上の硫黄の量が10ppmから0.1質量%の範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項18記載の方法。
- 前記供給物がさらに硫黄を1000ppmまで含有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記触媒が担持されているか結合されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記触媒の化学式が:
Pt[(SiO2)(XO2)x(YO2)y]Z+ y/n
として表され、ここで、Zが、nの価数の陽イオンであり、xは0〜0.15で変動し、yは0〜0.125であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。 - 戦記触媒が、式:
|A+M|[Si91Ge4Al1O192]−MFI
のものであり、ここで、Aが、セシウム、カリウム、ナトリウム、ルビジウム、バリウム、カルシウム、マグネシウムまたはそれらの組合せであり、Mが、白金、パラジウム、ロジウム、イリジウム、ルテニウムまたはそれらの組合せであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。 - Aがセシウムであることを特徴とする請求項27記載の方法。
- Mが白金であることを特徴とする請求項27記載の方法。
- 前記供給物が、約6:1から約0:1の水素:アルカンのモル比で水素をさらに含有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記供給物が水素および不活性希釈剤をさらに含有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記不活性希釈剤が、ヘリウム、窒素、二酸化炭素、メタン、エタンまたはそれらの混合物であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記水素および前記不活性希釈剤が、約1:0.6から約1:3の水素:不活性希釈剤のモル比で存在することを特徴とする請求項32記載の方法。
- 前記ゼオライトが改質剤または促進剤を含有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記供給物が主にパラフィン系であり、ナフテンが少ないことを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記供給物が、各C6、C7およびC8アルカンに関して0%から100%の範囲で、C6〜C8アルカンを単独または混合物中の成分のいずれかとして含有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
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US11/786,590 US7902413B2 (en) | 2007-04-12 | 2007-04-12 | Aromatization of alkanes using a germanium-zeolite catalyst |
PCT/US2008/003710 WO2008127538A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 | 2008-03-20 | Aromatization of alkanes using a germanium-zeolite catalyst |
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EP (1) | EP2155633B1 (ja) |
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CN105636693A (zh) * | 2013-11-22 | 2016-06-01 | 沙特基础工业公司 | 用于轻石脑油芳构化的具有改善的活性/选择性的催化剂 |
JP2016518249A (ja) * | 2013-04-23 | 2016-06-23 | サウディ ベーシック インダストリーズ コーポレイション | 炭化水素芳香族化触媒を調製する方法、その触媒、およびその触媒の使用 |
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KR101539784B1 (ko) | 2015-07-27 |
US20080255398A1 (en) | 2008-10-16 |
EP2155633B1 (en) | 2018-04-25 |
JP5576266B2 (ja) | 2014-08-20 |
EP2155633A1 (en) | 2010-02-24 |
KR20100016490A (ko) | 2010-02-12 |
CN101679141A (zh) | 2010-03-24 |
US7902413B2 (en) | 2011-03-08 |
WO2008127538A1 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
EP2155633A4 (en) | 2013-07-10 |
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