JP2010522198A - 5−ht2aインバースアゴニスト及びアンタゴニストの抗精神病薬との併用 - Google Patents
5−ht2aインバースアゴニスト及びアンタゴニストの抗精神病薬との併用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2010522198A JP2010522198A JP2009554722A JP2009554722A JP2010522198A JP 2010522198 A JP2010522198 A JP 2010522198A JP 2009554722 A JP2009554722 A JP 2009554722A JP 2009554722 A JP2009554722 A JP 2009554722A JP 2010522198 A JP2010522198 A JP 2010522198A
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Abstract
【選択図】図2
Description
本願は、2007年3月19日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/895,735号明細書;2007年3月29日に出願された同第60/908,921号明細書;2007年12月10日に出願された同第61/012,771号明細書;及び2008年2月4日に出願された同第61/026,092号明細書の利益を主張し、これらの全ては表題が「COMBINATIONS OF N−(1−METHYLPIPERIDIN−4−YL)−N−(4−FLUOROPHENYLMETHYL)−N’−(4−(2−METHYLPROPYLOXY)PHENYLMETHYL)WITH ANTIPSYCHOTICS」であり、全体として参照により本明細書に援用される。
本発明は、化学及び医学の分野に関する。より詳細には、本発明のある実施形態は、5−HT2A受容体インバースアゴニスト又はアンタゴニストの抗精神病薬との同時投与に関する。
セロトニン、すなわち5−ヒドロキシトリプタミン(5−HT)は、哺乳動物の生体機能において重要な役割を果たす。中枢神経系では、5−HTは、睡眠、摂食、歩行運動、痛みの知覚、学習及び記憶、性行動、体温及び血圧の制御などの多様な行動及び反応に関わる重要な神経伝達物質及び神経調節物質である。脊柱では、セロトニンは求心性末梢侵害受容器の制御系において重要な役割を果たす(Moulignier,Rev.Neurol.150:3−15,(1994))。心血管系、血液系及び胃腸系の末梢機能もまた、5−HTに基づくとされている。5−HTは、血管及び非血管平滑筋収縮、及び血小板凝集を含め、様々な収縮作用、分泌作用、及び電気生理学的作用を媒介することが分かっている。(Fuller,Biology of Serotonergic Transmission,1982;Boullin,Serotonin In Mental Abnormalities 1:316(1978);Barchas,et al.,Serotonin and Behavior,(1973))。5−HT2A受容体サブタイプ(サブクラスとも称される)は、高度な認知及び情動機能の調節に関わると想定される多くの皮質、辺縁、及び前脳領域を含め、ヒト脳において広範囲にわたり、但し個別に発現する。この受容体サブタイプは成熟血小板においても発現し、そこで一つには、血管血栓症の過程における初期段階の1つである血小板凝集を媒介する。
精神病の急性増悪を伴う統合失調症被験者の多施設二重盲検無作為化試験を行った。DSM−IVにより統合失調症と診断され、且つ陽性・陰性症状評価尺度(PANSS)におけるベースラインスコアが少なくとも65(重度の精神病理)で、精神病下位尺度の2項目でスコアが4以上の被験者の参加を得た。被験者は、ハロペリドール1日2mgをプラセボとの同時投与か、ハロペリドール1日2mgをピマバンセリン1日20mgとの同時投与か、リスペリドン1日2mgをプラセボとの同時投与か、リスペリドン1日2mgをピマバンセリン20mgとの同時投与か、又はリスペリドン1日6mgをプラセボとの同時投与で投与するように無作為に割り当てた。1日2mgのリスペリドンを投与される被験者は、各1mgの2回の投薬を受けた。1日6mgのリスペリドンを投与される被験者は、各3mgの2回の投薬を受けた。この試験は約9週間継続され、それ以前の抗精神病薬を排出させるためのスクリーニング期間(2〜14日間)と、それに続く6週間の能動的な所定の投薬が含まれた。2週間後、経過観察のため被験者に再び診療所に来診してもらった。被験者は、スクリーニング中及び治験の最初の14日間は入院患者として処置し、その後、各治験責任者(PI)の判断により治験を完了し、外来患者とした。被験者は、薬物を使用しない導入期間(ベースライン−1日目)後のスクリーニングにおいて、及びその後は定期的に、PANSS、臨床全般印象評価尺度−重症度(CGI−S)、統合失調症に関するカルガリー鬱病評価尺度(CDSS)、シンプソン・アンガス評価尺度(SAS)、及びバーンズアカシジア評価尺度(BAS)により評価した。
・ピマバンセリンは低用量のリスペリドンの精神病理に対する効力を強化した一方、副作用を軽減した。
・ピマバンセリンはハロペリドールの効力を強化しなかった。
・低用量のリスペリドンは、他の処置と比べて有効性が有意に低かった。
・ピマバンセリンは、PANSS合計、POS、NEG、全般、及びCGIに関し、2週間目以降の全ての時点において低用量のリスペリドンの効力を亢進した。
・ピマバンセリン/リスペリドンは、PANSS合計が20%以上低下した患者の割合に関して、高用量のリスペリドン及び低用量のリスペリドンと比べて15日目の有効性が高かった。
・ピマバンセリン/リスペリドンは、全ての時点において、あらゆる評価基準で高用量のリスペリドン、ハロペリドール及びピマバンセリン/ハロペリドールと同程度の有効性であった。
・ピマバンセリン/リスペリドンは、7%以上体重が増加した患者の割合が、高用量のリスペリドン又は低用量のリスペリドンと比べて低かった。
・血清グルコース及びプロラクチン値(PRL)は、高用量のリスペリドンと比べてピマバンセリン/リスペリドンで低かった;PRL値は、リスペリドン患者と比較してハロペリドール処置患者で低かった。
・個別のリスペリドン及びハロペリドール治療群と比較して、ピマバンセリン併用治療群で静坐不能(akathesia)が少ない傾向があった。
雄性ノンスイスアルビノ(NSA)マウス及びスプラーグドーリーラット(SD)ラット(Harlan,San Diego,CA)を、本研究の被験動物として供した。動物は、環境が制御された室内において、0600時に照明を入れる12/12明暗サイクルで飼育した。ラットは2匹の群ごとに飼育し、マウスは8匹の群ごとに飼育した。餌及び水は、実験手順の期間を除き、自由に摂取させた。試験時、マウスの体重は20〜30gであり、ラットの体重は275〜325gであった。
アリピプラゾール及びクエチアピン抗精神病薬を用いて、上記の実施例2のプロトコルを繰り返した。図15Aは、様々な投与薬剤についての、アリピプラゾール用量に応じた移動距離を示すグラフである。媒体対照(白抜き丸印)と比べて、アンフェタミン(白抜き三角印)はマウスにおける過剰歩行活性を有意に増加させる。0.03mg/kgの用量のピマバンセリン(黒丸印)は、アンフェタミンによって生じた過剰歩行を抑制できなかった。対照的に、アリピプラゾール(白抜き四角印)は、アンフェタミンによって生じた多活動を用量依存的に減弱した。しかしながら、アリピプラゾールは、一定用量のピマバンセリンと併用すると(0.03mg/kg、黒四角印)、アンフェタミン誘発性過剰歩行活性の抑制の亢進を示した。
生体内マウス認知モデルにおいて、様々な抗精神病薬を単独で、又はピマバンセリンとの併用でマウスに投与した。化合物は、訓練後1時間(動物が通常、新しい物体と見慣れた物体とを行動上識別する時点)、及び訓練後2時間(これらの動物が通常、それ以上物体の間の違いを識別しなくなる時点)でマウスに投与した。
プロラクチンアッセイ:ハロペリドール、リスペリドン及びピマバンセリンについて、血清プロラクチン値に関する用量反応曲線を生成した。ラットに媒体(100%ジメチルスルホキシド)、ハロペリドール又はリスペリドンを腹腔内投与し、一方、ピマバンセリン又は媒体(生理食塩水)を皮下投与した。媒体、ハロペリドール又はリスペリドンの投与後30分、又はピマバンセリンの投与後60分に血液試料を採取した。ラットはイソフルランで深麻酔をかけ、心穿刺により血液試料を採取してそのまま凝血させ、その後12,000rpmで10分間遠心にかけて分析用の血清を得た。市販の酵素免疫測定キット(ALPCO Diagnostics,Windham,NH)を用いて血清プロラクチン値を定量した。
第II相統合失調症併用治療治験において、ピマバンセリンをリスペリドンとの併用で用いてプロラクチン値を計測し、リスペリドンの単独投与と比較した。図22のグラフに表されるとおり、ピマバンセリン+リスペリドン(2mg)による併用治療群の患者は、リスペリドン(6mg)+プラセボ治療群の患者と比較して、処置42日後のプロラクチン値が有意に低かった(p=0.0001)。
20mgのピマバンセリンを1日1回経口投与した後の血漿濃度−時間プロファイル
平均血漿濃度−時間データを1−コンパートメントモデル(一次入力、遅延時間なし及び一次排出)に適用することにより、シミュレーションの初期パラメータを求めた。50mgのピマバンセリンを14回目に経口投薬した後の頻回用量平均血漿濃度−時間データを当てはめた。モデルに基づき、表4に示される薬物動態パラメータを推定した。
平均血漿濃度−時間データを2−コンパートメントモデル(一次入力、ミクロ定常、遅延時間なし及び一次排出)に適用することにより、シミュレーションの初期パラメータを求めた。4mgのリスペリドンの単回経口用量を投与した後に得られた平均血漿濃度−時間データを当てはめた。モデルに基づき、表6に示される薬物動態パラメータを推定した。
式1、Φ=(CR/CR+Kd)×100を用いて(式中、CRは受容体の周辺の非結合薬物の濃度(nM)であり、Kdは解離定数(nM)である)、受容体占有率(Φ、%)を計算した。
Claims (55)
- 抗精神病薬による治療に適した病態の治療方法であって、
第1の量の5−HT2Aインバースアゴニスト又はアンタゴニストを投与することと、
第2の量の前記抗精神病剤を投与することと、
を含み、前記第1の量及び前記第2の量が、前記抗精神病剤を有効用量で単独投与するときと比べて有効な作用がより速く実現される量である、方法。 - 前記第2の量が、前記抗精神病剤を単独投与するときのその最高用量未満である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の量が、前記抗精神病剤を単独投与するときのその有効用量未満である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の量及び前記第2の量が、前記抗精神病剤の有効用量による単独投与と比較して、前記抗精神病剤に起因する1つ又は複数の副作用の重症度又は発現を軽減する量である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記副作用が体重増加である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記副作用が、錐体外路副作用、ヒスタミン性副作用、αアドレナリン作動性副作用、及び抗コリン作動性副作用からなる群から選択される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記副作用が、脳卒中、振戦、鎮静、胃腸障害、神経学的障害、死亡リスクの増加、脳血管イベント、運動障害、ジストニー、静坐不能、パーキンソン病様運動障害、遅発性ジスキネジー、認知障害、プロラクチン血症、カタレプシー、精神病、神経遮断薬悪性症候群、心臓障害、呼吸器系障害、糖尿病、肝不全、自殺傾向、鎮静、起立性低血圧、窒息感、めまい感、頻脈、血液異常、トリグリセリド値の異常、コレステロール値の上昇、異常脂質血症、高血糖症、失神、痙攣発作、嚥下障害、持続勃起症、血栓性血小板減少性紫斑病、体温調節失調、不眠症、激越、不安、傾眠、攻撃的反応、頭痛、便秘、悪心、消化不良症、嘔吐、腹痛、唾液増加、歯痛、鼻炎、咳嗽、副鼻腔炎、咽頭炎、呼吸困難、背痛、胸痛、発熱、発疹、乾皮症、脂漏、上気道感染の増加、視覚異常、関節痛、感覚鈍麻、躁反応、集中力障害、口内乾燥症、疼痛、疲労、ざ瘡、皮膚そう痒症、筋肉痛、骨痛、高血圧症、下痢、錯乱、無力症、尿失禁、眠気、睡眠時間の増加、調節障害、動悸、勃起機能障害、射精機能障害、オルガスム障害、倦怠感、色素沈着の増加、食欲亢進、自動症、夢遊行動の増加、性欲の減退、神経過敏、鬱病、無関心、緊張病性反応、多幸症、リビドー亢進、健忘症、情動不安定、悪夢、譫妄、あくび、構音障害、眩暈、昏迷、錯感覚、失語症、感覚減退、舌麻痺、下肢痙攣、斜頸、筋緊張低下、昏睡、片頭痛、反射亢進、舞踏アテトーゼ、食欲不振症、鼓腸、口内炎、下血、痔核、胃炎、便失禁、おくび、胃食道逆流症、胃腸炎、食道炎、舌変色、胆石症、舌浮腫、憩室炎、歯肉炎、変色糞、消化管出血、吐血、浮腫、悪寒、不快感、蒼白、腹部膨張、腹水、サルコイドーシス、潮紅、過換気、気管支攣縮、肺炎、喘鳴、喘息、喀痰の増加、誤嚥、光線過敏症、発汗過多、ざ瘡、発汗減少、脱毛症、角質増殖症、皮膚剥脱、水疱性発疹、皮膚潰瘍、乾癬の憎悪、せつ腫症、疣贅、苔癬様皮膚炎、多毛症、性器そう痒症、蕁麻疹、心室頻拍症、狭心症、心房期外収縮、T波逆転、心室期外収縮、ST鬱病、房室ブロック、心筋炎、調節異常、眼球乾燥症、複視、眼痛、眼瞼炎、光視症、羞明、流涙異常、低ナトリウム血症、クレアチンホスホキナーゼ増加、口渇、体重減少、血清鉄の減少、悪液質、脱水、低カリウム血症、低タンパク血症、高リン血症、高グリセリド血症、高尿酸血症、低血糖症、多尿、煩渇多飲症、血尿、排尿困難、尿閉、膀胱炎、腎不全、関節症、骨癒合症、滑液包炎、関節炎、月経過多、膣乾燥症、非産褥性乳汁分泌、無月経、女性乳房痛、白帯下、乳腺炎、月経困難症、女性会陰痛、中間期出血、膣出血、SGOT上昇、SGPT上昇、胆汁うっ滞性肝炎、胆嚢炎、胆石症、肝炎、肝細胞傷害、鼻出血、表在性静脈炎、血栓性静脈炎、血小板減少症、耳鳴り、聴覚過敏、聴力低下、貧血、低色素性貧血、正球性貧血、顆粒球減少症、白血球増多、リンパ節症、白血球減少、ペルゲル・フエット核異常、女性化乳房、男性乳房痛、抗利尿ホルモン異常、苦味、排尿障害、注視痙攣、歩行異常、不随意筋収縮、及び外傷増加からなる群から選択される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記病態が精神病であり、前記有効な作用が抗精神病作用である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記精神病が統合失調症に関連する、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記精神病が急性精神病憎悪である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記病態が、統合失調症、双極性障害、激越、精神病、アルツハイマー病における行動障害、精神病性の特徴又は双極性の徴候を有する鬱病、強迫性障害、心的外傷後ストレス症候群、不安、人格障害(境界型及び統合失調型)、認知症、激越を伴う認知症、高齢者における認知症、トゥレット症候群、下肢静止不能症候群、不眠症、社会不安障害、気分変調症、ADHD、及び自閉症からなる群から選択される治療に適している、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 抗精神病作用の迅速な発現を必要とする患者を特定することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 抗精神病作用の迅速な発現を誘発する方法であって、精神病に罹患している対象者に対し、抗精神病作用が迅速に発現されるように5−HT2Aインバースアゴニスト又はアンタゴニストと抗精神病剤とを同時投与することを含む、方法。
- 抗鬱作用の迅速な発現を誘発する方法であって、鬱病に罹患している対象者に対し、抗鬱作用が迅速に発現されるように5−HT2Aインバースアゴニスト又はアンタゴニストと抗精神病剤とを同時投与することを含む、方法。
- 抗精神病治療に反応する患者の割合を増加させる方法であって、精神病に罹患している対象者に対し、抗精神病剤を有効用量で単独投与するときと比べてより高い割合の患者に有効な作用が生じるように、5−HT2Aインバースアゴニスト又はアンタゴニストと前記抗精神病剤とを同時投与することを含む、方法。
- 抗精神病剤の投与に伴う体重増加を軽減又は抑制する方法であって、抗精神病剤の投与に伴う体重増加のリスクを有するか、又はそれを被っている対象者に対し、5−HT2Aインバースアゴニスト又はアンタゴニストを前記抗精神病剤と同時投与することを含む、方法。
- 抗精神病治療中の患者コンプライアンスを高める方法であって、5−HT2Aインバースアゴニスト又はアンタゴニストを抗精神病剤と同時投与することを含み、前記同時投与の用量が、前記抗精神病剤の有効用量を単独投与するときの患者コンプライアンスと比較してコンプライアンスが高まる用量である、方法。
- 抗精神病剤の投与に伴う血清グルコースの上昇を軽減又は抑制する方法であって、抗精神病剤の投与に伴う血清グルコース上昇のリスクを有するか、又はそれを被っている対象者に対し、5−HT2Aインバースアゴニスト又はアンタゴニストを前記抗精神病剤と同時投与することを含む、方法。
- 抗精神病剤の投与に伴う血清グルコース上昇を軽減又は抑制し、且つ体重増加を軽減又は抑制する方法であって、抗精神病剤の投与に伴う血清グルコース上昇及び体重増加のリスクを有するか、又はそれを被っている対象者に対し、5−HT2Aインバースアゴニスト又はアンタゴニストを前記抗精神病剤と同時投与することを含む、方法。
- 前記抗精神病剤が定型抗精神病薬である、請求項1〜19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記抗精神病剤が非定型抗精神病薬である、請求項1〜19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記抗精神病剤がD2アンタゴニストである、請求項1〜19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記抗精神病剤がリスペリドンである、請求項1〜19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記抗精神病剤がハロペリドールである、請求項1〜19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記抗精神病剤が、フェノチアジン、フェニルブチルピペリジン、ジベンザピン、ベンゾイソオキシジル、及びリチウム塩からなる群から選択される、請求項1〜19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記フェノチアジンが、クロルプロマジン(Thorazine(登録商標))、メソリダジン(Serentil(登録商標))、プロクロルペラジン(Compazine(登録商標))、チオリダジン(Mellaril)、フルフェナジン(Prolixin(登録商標))、ペルフェナジン(Trilafon(登録商標))、及びトリフルオペラジン(Stelazine(登録商標))からなる群から選択される、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記フェニルブチルピペリジンがピモジド(Orap(登録商標))である、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記ジベンザピンが、クロザピン(Clozaril(登録商標))、ロキサピン(Loxitane(登録商標))、オランザピン(Zyprexa(登録商標))、及びクエチアピン(Seroquel(登録商標))からなる群から選択される、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記ベンゾイソオキシジルがジプラシドン(Geodon(登録商標))である、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記リチウム塩が炭酸リチウムである、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記抗精神病剤が、アリピプラゾール(Abilify(登録商標))、Etrafon(登録商標)、ドロペリドール(Inapsine(登録商標))、チオリダジン(Mellaril(登録商標))、チオチキセン(Navane(登録商標))、プロメタジン(Phenergan(登録商標))、メトクロプラミド(Reglan(登録商標))、クロルプロチキセン(Taractan(登録商標))、Triavil(登録商標)、モリンドン(Moban(登録商標))、セルチンドール(Serlect(登録商標))、ドロペリドール、アミスルプリド(Solian(登録商標))、メルペロン、パリペリドン(Invega(登録商標))、及びテトラベナジンからなる群から選択される、請求項1〜19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- リスペリドンの投与により引き起こされる高プロラクチン血症を軽減又は抑制する方法であって、リスペリドンの投与に伴う高プロラクチン血症のリスクを有するか、又はそれを被っている対象者に対し、5−HT2Aインバースアゴニスト又はアンタゴニストを1日6mg未満のリスペリドンと同時投与することを含む、方法。
- 前記5−HT2Aインバースアゴニスト又はアンタゴニストが、アダタンセリン、アルタンセリン、ベナンセリン、ブロナンセリン、ブタンセリン、シナンセリン、エプリバンセリン、ファナンセリン、フリバンセリン、グレマンセリン、イフェランセリン、ケタンセリン、リダンセリン、ミアンセリン、ペランセリン、プルバンセリン、リタンセリン、セガンセリン、及びトロパンセリンからなる群から選択される、請求項1〜32のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記投与が18歳未満のヒトを対象とする、請求項1〜32のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 医薬組成物であって、
第1の量の5−HT2Aインバースアゴニスト又はアンタゴニストと、
第2の量の抗精神病剤と、
を含み、前記第1の量及び前記第2の量が、前記組成物を投与すると、前記抗精神病剤を有効用量で単独投与するときと比べて有効な抗精神病作用がより速く実現される量である、医薬組成物。 - 前記第2の量が、前記抗精神病剤を単独投与するときのその最高用量未満である、請求項37に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記第2の量が、前記抗精神病剤を単独投与するときのその有効用量未満である、請求項37に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記抗精神病剤がリスペリドンである、請求項37〜40のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 第1の量の5−HT2Aインバースアゴニスト又はアンタゴニストと、
前記第1の量の5−HT2Aインバースアゴニスト又はアンタゴニスト及び第2の量の抗精神病剤の投与についての使用説明書と、
を含むパッケージであって、前記第1の量及び前記第2の量が、前記抗精神病剤を有効用量で単独投与するときと比べて有効な抗精神病作用がより速く実現される量である、パッケージ。 - 前記第2の量が、前記抗精神病剤を単独投与するときのその最高用量未満である、請求項42に記載のパッケージ。
- 前記第2の量が、前記抗精神病剤を単独投与するときのその有効用量未満である、請求項42に記載のパッケージ。
- 前記抗精神病剤がリスペリドンである、請求項42〜45のいずれか一項に記載のパッケージ。
- 第1の医薬剤が第2の医薬剤の薬理学的特性を調節することを判断することと、
前記第1の医薬剤の半減期が前記第2の医薬剤より長いことを判断することと、
前記第1の医薬剤と前記第2の医薬剤とを患者に同時投与することと、
を含む、治療方法。 - 前記薬理学的特性が受容体占有率である、請求項47に記載の方法。
- 前記薬理学的特性が前記第2の医薬剤の最小有効用量である、請求項47に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の薬剤の半減期が前記第2の薬剤の半減期より少なくとも約1.5倍長い、請求項47に記載の方法。
- 前記同時投与の結果、前記第2の薬剤が、前記第2の薬剤の連続投薬時間の少なくとも約50%にわたり有効なレベルで存在する、請求項47に記載の方法。
- 前記同時投与の結果、前記第2の薬剤が、前記第2の薬剤の連続投薬時間の実質的に全てにわたり有効なレベルで存在し、且つ、前記第1の薬剤が同じ投薬スケジュール及び投薬量により単独で投与されていたならば、連続投薬の実質的に全期間にわたって前記第2の薬剤が有効なレベルで存在することはなかったであろう、請求項47に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の治療剤が単独投与された場合に、前記第2の治療剤が有効なレベルで存在し得る期間より長い期間にわたり、前記第2の薬理作用剤が有効なレベルで存在する結果となるような用量及び時間間隔で、前記第1の薬理作用剤及び前記第2の薬理作用剤が投与される、請求項47に記載の方法。
- 試験治療剤が第1の半減期を有する治療剤との併用治療に適した候補であるかどうかを判断する方法であって、
前記第1の半減期より長い第2の半減期を有する試験治療剤を確保することと、
前記試験治療剤を前記治療剤との併用で投与することにより、単独で投与したときには効果を有しないレベルで前記治療剤が有効となり得るかどうかを評価することと、
を含む、方法。 - 前記試験治療剤が、前記治療剤によって標的化される受容体の占有率レベルを亢進するかどうかを判断することをさらに含む、請求項54に記載の方法。
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AU2008228833B9 (en) | 2013-10-24 |
CA2681506A1 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
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AU2008228833B2 (en) | 2013-10-10 |
WO2008116024A3 (en) | 2008-12-31 |
AU2008228833A1 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
WO2008116024A2 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
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