US4353900A - 9-(Arylalkyl or aroylalkyl)-1-oxa-4,9-diazaspiro(5.5)undecan-3-ones - Google Patents
9-(Arylalkyl or aroylalkyl)-1-oxa-4,9-diazaspiro(5.5)undecan-3-ones Download PDFInfo
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- US4353900A US4353900A US06/312,448 US31244881A US4353900A US 4353900 A US4353900 A US 4353900A US 31244881 A US31244881 A US 31244881A US 4353900 A US4353900 A US 4353900A
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- undecan
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D498/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D498/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D498/10—Spiro-condensed systems
Definitions
- This invention relates to 9-[arylalkyl or aroylalkyl]-1-oxa-4,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecan-3-ones and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof which are useful in the prevention and/or treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, migraine, and vasospastic disorders, as well as asthma.
- the invention also relates to a pharmaceutically acceptable composition containing an effective amount of at least one of the compounds in combination with a suitable excipient, the composition being useful for the prevention and/or treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, migraine, and vasospastic disorders, as well as asthma in mammals.
- the invention also relates to a process for making the compounds of the invention.
- arylalkyl substituted oxadiazaspiro-decanes and -undecanes are known. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,028,351 and Japanese Patent No. 74,028,516. See also Chimie Therapeutique, July-Aug. 1973, 4, 393.
- a novel class of arylalkyl and aroylalkyl substituted oxadiazaspiroundecanes has now been prepared.
- the first aspect of this invention is the group of compounds represented by the formula ##STR3## wherein
- R 1 is ##STR4## wherein X is hydrogen, lower alkyl of one to four carbon atoms, lower alkoxy of one to four carbon atoms, halo, carboxamido or hydroxy; m is 1, 2 or 3; and n is 1, 2 or 3;
- R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl of one to four carbon atoms;
- compositions useful in the prevention and/or treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, migraine, and vasospastic disorders as well as asthma in mammals
- composition comprises an effective amount of at least one compound chosen from those represented by formula (I) above or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof and a pharmaceutically suitable excipient.
- Still another aspect of the invention is a method for preventing and/or treating cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, migraine, and vasospastic disorders as well as asthma in mammals which comprises administering an effective amount of at least one compound chosen from those represented by formula (I) above.
- cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, migraine, and vasospastic disorders as well as asthma in mammals
- Still another aspect of the invention is a process for preparing a compound of formula (I) above which comprises reacting a compound of the formula ##STR5## wherein:
- R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are as defined above with a suitable reactive intermediate of the formula ##STR6## wherein:
- X, m and n are as defined above and Y is a leaving group such as a halide, e.g., chloro, bromo, or iodo or a sulfonate ester such as p-toluenesulfonate, methansulfonate and the like.
- Y is a leaving group such as a halide, e.g., chloro, bromo, or iodo or a sulfonate ester such as p-toluenesulfonate, methansulfonate and the like.
- the compounds of formula (I) may further be reacted with a suitable acid (infra) to form the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, or the salt of a compound of formula (I) may be reacted with a base to form the free base of formula (I) or one addition salt may be converted to a second addition salt, of compounds of formula (I).
- a suitable acid infra
- the salt of a compound of formula (I) may be reacted with a base to form the free base of formula (I) or one addition salt may be converted to a second addition salt, of compounds of formula (I).
- R 1 is ##STR8## wherein X is hydrogen, lower alkyl of one to four carbon atoms, lower alkoxy of one to four carbon atoms, halo, carboxamido or hydroxy; m is 1, 2 or 3; and n is 1, 2 or 3;
- R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl of one to four carbon atoms;
- R 1 is ##STR9## a preferred group of compounds of formula (I) is that wherein X is hydrogen. Within this subgroup a more preferred group of compounds is that wherein n is 2 or 3, with 2 being the most preferred.
- R 1 is ##STR10## a preferred group of compounds of formula (I) is that wherein X is halo and m is 1, with fluoro being the most preferred. Within this subgroup the preferred compounds are those wherein X is 4-fluoro and n is 3.
- R 4 is hydrogen and R 2 and R 3 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl.
- R 2 and R 3 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl.
- preferred compounds are those wherein R 2 is methyl or ethyl and R 3 is hydrogen.
- a still more preferred group of compounds of formula (I) is that wherein R 2 is hydrogen and R 3 is methyl, ethyl or propyl.
- the most preferred subgroup of compounds is that wherein R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently hydrogen.
- lower alkyl refers to a straight or branched chain monovalent substituent consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen, containing no unsaturation and having from one to four carbon atoms. Examples of lower alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl and t-butyl.
- lower alkoxy refers to a monovalent substituent containing oxygen and of the formula "lower alkyl-O-" wherein lower alkyl is as defined above.
- lower alkoxy groups are methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy i-propoxy, n-butoxy, i-butoxy, s-butoxy and t-butoxy.
- halo refers to fluoro, chloro and bromo.
- carboxymido refers to a monovalent substituent of the structure --C(O)NH 2 .
- hydroxy refers to --OH.
- pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts refers to salts of the subject compounds which possess the desired pharmacological activity and which are neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable.
- salts are formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid or phosphoric acid; or organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methansulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and the like.
- inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid or phosphoric acid
- organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid
- the compounds of the present invention are named according to the IUPAC nomenclature system.
- the locants for the substituents on the spiro ring system of the compounds of the instant invention are as depicted above.
- a compound of formula (I) wherein R 1 is phenylalkyl, X is hydrogen, m is 1, n is 2, R 2 is hydrogen, R 3 is methyl and R 4 is hydrogen is named as 9-(2-phenylethyl)-4-methyl-1-oxa-4,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecan-3-one.
- Certain compounds of formula (I) wherein R 2 and R 3 are lower alkyl may have geometric (cis and trans) isomers.
- the geometric isomers may be separated by various methods, for example, selective crystallization and column chromatography.
- the intermediates of formula (VIII) (infra) may be separated and converted to the final cis or trans isomers of compounds of formula (I). Both geometric isomers as well as mixtures thereof are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
- racemic intermediates of formula (VIII) (infra) or final products prepared herein may be resolved into their optical antipodes by conventional resolution means known per se, for example, by the separation (e.g., fractional crystallization) of the diastereomeric salts formed by reaction of, e.g., racemic compounds of formula (I) or the intermediate of formula (VIII) (infra) with an optically active acid.
- optically active acids are the optically active forms of camphor-10-sulfonic acid, ⁇ -bromocamphor- ⁇ -sulfonic acid, camphoric acid, menthoxyacetic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, diacetyltartaric acid, pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acids, and the like.
- the separated pure diastereomeric salts may then be cleaved by standard means to afford the respective optical isomers of the compounds of formula (I) or the intermediate of formula (VIII) (infra).
- compositions useful in the prevention and/or treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, migraine, and vasospastic disorders, as well as asthma, particularly in the prevention and/or treatment of hypertension in a mammalian subject, comprising a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic carrier.
- cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, migraine, and vasospastic disorders, as well as asthma
- a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic carrier.
- Useful pharmaceutical carriers for the preparation of the pharmaceutical compositions hereof can be solids or liquids.
- the compositions can take the form of tablets, pills, capsules, powders, sustained release formulations, solutions, suspensions, elixirs, aerosols, and the like.
- Carriers can be selected from the various oils, including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable or synthetic origin, for example, peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil, and the like.
- Water, saline, aqueous dextrose, and glycols are preferred liquid carriers particularly for injectable solutions.
- Suitable pharmaceutical excipients include starch, cellulose, talc, glucose, lactose, sucrose, gelatin, malt, rice, flour, chalk, silica gel, magnesium stearate, sodium stearate, glycerol monostearate, sodium chloride, dried skim milk, glycerol, propylene glycol, water, ethanol, and the like.
- Suitable pharmaceutical carriers and their formulations are described in "Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences” by E. W. Martin. Such compositions will, in any event, contain a therapeutically effective amount of the active compound together with a suitable amount of carrier so as to prepare the proper dosage form for proper administration to the subject.
- the level of the drug in the formulation can vary from 5 percent weight (%W) to 95%W of the drug based on the total formulation and about 5%W to 95%W excipient.
- the drug is present at a level of 10%W to 70%W.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for preventing and/or treating cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, migraine, and vasospastic disorders as well as asthma in a mammalian subject comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof.
- cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, migraine, and vasospastic disorders as well as asthma in a mammalian subject comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof.
- a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutical composition containing same is administered via any of the usual and acceptable methods known in the art, either singly or in combination with another compound or compounds of the present invention or other pharmaceutical agents.
- These compounds or compositions can thus be administered orally, systemically (i.e., intranasally, or by suppository) or parenterally (i.e., intramuscularly, subcutaneously and intravenously), and can be administered either in the form of solid or liquid dosages including tablets, solutions, suspensions, aerosols, and the like, as discussed in more detail hereinabove.
- the formulation can be administered in a single unit dosage form for continuous treatment or prevention or in a single unit dosage form ad libitum when relief of symptoms is specifically required.
- the effective dosage in accordance herewith can vary over a wide range.
- a therapeutically effective amount ranges from about 0.01 to about 5 mg./kg. body weight per day and preferably, for example, for antihypertensive use, from about 1 to about 3 mg./kg. body weight per day.
- a therapeutically effective amount in accordance herewith would be, in preferred embodiments from about 7 mg. to about 120 mg. per day per subject.
- the 4-piperidone is in a molar ratio of 0.7 to 0.8 mole to 1 mole of benzyl chloroformate, particularly in a molar ratio of 0.75 mole of 4-piperidone to 1 mole of benzyl chloroformate.
- N-protected piperidine epoxide of formula (IV) wherein R 2 is hydrogen is prepared by the method described in J. Am. Chem. Soc., 81, 1353 (1965). N-protected piperidone, dispersed or dissolved in a polar aprotic solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran and the like is reacted with an ylid formed by the reaction of trimethyl sulfonium or trimethyl sulfoxonium iodide with an alkali metal hydride such as sodium hydride.
- a polar aprotic solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran and the like
- the reactants in a molar ratio of from 1 to 2 moles, preferably from 1.3 to 1.6 moles of ylid to 1 mole of N-protected-4-piperidone, are stirred at a temperature of between 0° C. to 30° C., preferably at room temperature for about 10 hours to 24 hours, preferably for about 12 hours to 18 hours. This is followed by heating at 40° C. to about 100° C., preferably from about 50° C. to 60° C., for 15 minutes to about 2 hours, preferably for about 45 minutes to about 1.5 hours.
- the epoxides of formula (IV) wherein R 2 is lower alkyl are prepared by first preparing the olefin of formula (III) then epoxidizing the olefin by methods well known in the art such as by the catalytic oxidation of the C-C double bond with air or by peroxidation of the C-C double bond with a peroxy acid such as peroxybenzoic acid.
- the compounds of formula (III) are prepared by the well known Wittig reaction in which N-protected piperidone is reacted with a methylenetriphenylphosphorane ylid of the formula Ph 3 P ⁇ CHR 2 wherein R 2 is as defined above.
- the ylid is prepared by reacting triphenylphosphine with an R 2 CH 2 halide wherein R 2 is as defined above followed by reaction with an organolithium compound such as phenyllithium or n-butyllithium.
- R 2 is as defined above
- organolithium compound such as phenyllithium or n-butyllithium.
- the epoxide ring of compounds of formula (IV) is readily opened at elevated temperatures by any R 3 -substituted amine wherein R 3 is as defined above forming 1-carbobenzoxy-4-hydroxy-4-(R 3 -aminomethyl)piperidine of formula (V).
- the reactants are heated at a temperature of between about 75° C. to about 175° C., preferably from about 100° C. to about 125° C. for about 3 hours to about 24 hours, preferably for about 3 hours to about 6 hours.
- the reaction is typically conducted in a solution of the R 3 -substituted amine such as ammonia, methylamine, ethylamine and the like in an alcohol such as methanol and the like at a molar ratio of N-protected piperidine epoxide to amine of 1 mole to 50 moles, preferably of 1 mole to 20 moles.
- R 3 -substituted amine such as ammonia, methylamine, ethylamine and the like in an alcohol such as methanol and the like
- an alcohol such as methanol and the like
- the hydroxy amine compounds of formula (V) are reacted with an ⁇ -chloracid chlorides such as ⁇ -chloroacetyl chloride, ⁇ -chloropropionyl chloride, ⁇ -chloro-n-butryl chloride and the like in a polar aprotic solvent such as ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl formamide and the like optionally followed by reaction with an alkali metal iodide such as sodium iodide to yield compounds of formula (VI) wherein Z is chloro, bromo or iodo.
- a polar aprotic solvent such as ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl formamide and the like
- an alkali metal iodide such as sodium iodide
- the reaction is run in the presence of a suitable acid acceptor such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, an alkali metal carbonate such as sodium or potassium carbonate and the like at a temperature from about 0° C. to about 25° C., preferably from about 5° C. to about 10° C.
- a suitable acid acceptor such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, an alkali metal carbonate such as sodium or potassium carbonate and the like
- ⁇ -chloroacid chlorides which are not readily available may be prepared by conventional methods such as the Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Reaction in which the appropiate acid is reacted with chlorine in the presence of phosphorus. See, for example, Organic Chemistry by Robert T. Morrison and Robert N. Boyd, 2nd Edition, Ch. 18, p. 604 and Chem. Revs. 7, 180 (1930).
- Cyclization of compounds of formula (VI) is carried out by contacting compounds of formula (VI) with a strong base such as an alkali metal alkoxide dissolved in an alcohol (e.g. potassium t-butoxide in t-butyl alcohol) in a polar aprotic solvent such as tetrahydrafuran, dimethylformamide and the like.
- a strong base such as an alkali metal alkoxide dissolved in an alcohol (e.g. potassium t-butoxide in t-butyl alcohol) in a polar aprotic solvent such as tetrahydrafuran, dimethylformamide and the like.
- the intermediates of formulas (IX) and (X) wherein Y is a halide which are not readily available are readily prepared by reacting a solution or dispersion of the unsubstituted or substituted arylalkanol or aroylalkanol with a phosphorus trihalide, a triphenyl phosphine halogen adduct, triphenoxyphosphorus alkyl halide, or thionyl chloride.
- the reaction is typically carried out in a reaction medium such as dimethylformamide, diethylether, pyridine, and the like from about room temperature to about 100° C. using an excess of a halogenating agent, e.g., 1.1 to 3.0 times the molar equivalence of the arylalkanol or aroylalkanol.
- the intermediates of formulas (IX) and (X) wherein Y is a sulfonate ester may be prepared by the standard procedure of treating the substituted or unsubstituted arylalkanol or aroylalkanol with an excess of, for example, methanesulfonyl chloride or p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, in the presence of a base, for example, pyridine or triethylamine. This reaction is carried out at a temperature from about -20° to 50° C., preferably between about 0° and 20° C.
- the intermediates of formula (IX) or (X) are preferably isolated before being used in the reaction with compounds of formula (VIII), the isolation being accomplished by conventional means such as distillation, chromatography or crystallization.
- the compounds of the instant invention are prepared by treating the arylalkyl or aroylalkyl intermediate of formula (IX) or (X) with the compound of formula (VIII) in the presence of the acid acceptor in an inert organic solvent such as dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran and the like at a temperature from about -10° C. to 120° C., preferably from about 50° C. to about 100° C. for about 6 hours to about 48 hours, preferably from about 16 hours to about 18 hours.
- an inert organic solvent such as dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran and the like
- Effective acid acceptors are organic bases such as tertiary amines, e.g., trimethylamine, triethylamine and quinuclidine and inorganic bases such as alkali metal carbonates, for example, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate and alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and the like.
- organic bases such as tertiary amines, e.g., trimethylamine, triethylamine and quinuclidine
- inorganic bases such as alkali metal carbonates, for example, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate and alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and the like.
- the compounds of formula (I) may be isolated as free bases, but it is more convenient to isolate the compounds of the instant invention as acid addition salts.
- These salts are prepared in the usual manner, i.e., by reaction of the free base with a suitable organic or inorganic acid, for example, one of the pharmaceutically acceptable acids described above.
- the base of formula (I) dissolved in an unreactive solvent such as an alcohol, e.g., methanol and ethanol, or an ether, e.g., diethyl ether and the like, is acidified with an acid dissolved in a like solvent.
- the acid solution is added until precipitation of the salt is complete.
- the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 20° to 50° C., preferably at room temperature.
- the salt can be readily converted to the free base by treatment with an aqueous solution of a base such as potassium or sodium carbonate, potassium or sodium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide and the like.
- R 2 is methyl
- R 2 is ethyl
- R 2 is i-propyl
- R 2 is n-butyl.
- the volume of the ethereal extracts is reduced to about 60 ml and the solution is filtered through 150 g silica gel with diethyl ether. The solvent is removed to yield 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl bromide, 18 g, a colorless oil.
- the HCl salt of 9-(2-phenethyl)-1-oxa-4,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecan-3-one was prepared by dissolving the free base in methanolic HCl and precipitating with ether, m.p. 247°-250° C.
- all compounds of formula (I) in base form prepared in accordance with the methods in Examples 1 and 2 can be converted to their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts by treatment with the appropriate acid, for example, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methansulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and the like.
- the appropriate acid for example, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tarta
- the following example illustrates the preparation of representative pharmaceutical formulations containing an active compound of Formula (I), e.g., 9-(2-phenylethyl)-1-oxa-4,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecan-3-one or 9-[3-(4-fluorobenzoyl)propyl]-1-oxa-4,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecan-3-one.
- an active compound of Formula (I) e.g., 9-(2-phenylethyl)-1-oxa-4,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecan-3-one or 9-[3-(4-fluorobenzoyl)propyl]-1-oxa-4,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecan-3-one.
- the active compound is dissolved in propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 400 and Tween 80. A sufficient quantity of 0.9% saline solution is then added with stirring to provide 100 ml of the I.V. solution which is filtered through a 0.2 micron membrane filter and packaged under sterile conditions.
- the above ingredients are combined and granulated using methanol as the solvent.
- the formulation is then dried and formed into tablets (containing 50 mg of active compound) with an appropriate tabletting machine.
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Abstract
Description
______________________________________ I.V. Formulation ______________________________________ Active compound 0.14 g Propylene glycol 20 g Polyethylene glycol 400 20 g Tween 80 1 g 0.9% Saline solution 100 ml ______________________________________
______________________________________ TABLET FORMULATION parts by weight ______________________________________ Active compound 50.0 Magnesium stearate 0.75 Starch 0.75 Lactose 29.0 PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) 0.75 ______________________________________
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