JP2009535442A - 脂肪酸を利用した脂肪酸アルキルエステルの製造方法及び装置 - Google Patents
脂肪酸を利用した脂肪酸アルキルエステルの製造方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 177
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 176
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 176
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 44
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- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 65
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 241001133760 Acoelorraphe Species 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000208818 Helianthus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000809 air pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001243 air pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-UKMVMLAPSA-N all-trans beta-carotene Natural products CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-UKMVMLAPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013734 beta-carotene Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TUPZEYHYWIEDIH-WAIFQNFQSA-N beta-carotene Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=CCCCC2(C)C TUPZEYHYWIEDIH-WAIFQNFQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011648 beta-carotene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002747 betacarotene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N β-Carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
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Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
エステル化反応は、図3に示したような反応器を使用して2段階反応で進行した。まず、1次反応器を温度300℃、圧力3barで調節し、粗パーム油を蒸留して得た脂肪酸蒸留液1kg及びメタノール1kgを反応器に投入して2時間の間反応させた。次に、2次反応器の温度は1次反応器と同一に維持した状態で、圧力を常圧に低めて2次反応器で2時間の間反応させた。2次反応器での反応のために、メタノール2kg(1次流入量の2倍)を3等分して各々の隔室44a、44b、44cに投入した。その後、反応生成物を1次精製部に移送する。1次精製部で、蒸留塔の下部圧力を20torrで下部温度を200℃に維持し、上量塔上部を通じて流入量の3重量%の低沸点を有する不純物を上量させて除去する。1次精製された生成物を2次精製部に移送する。2次精製部では、蒸留塔の下部は圧力20torr、下部温度を250℃に維持することにより、蒸留により流入量の80重量%の脂肪酸メチルエステルを得た。一方、前記反応部で生成された水と反応に参加しなかったメタノールはアルコール回収部に移送され、蒸留を通じてメタノールを回収し、回収されたメタノールは循環されて再使用された。上述の方法による脂肪酸メチルエステルの転換率は99.7%であった。
エステル化反応は、回分式反応器を使用して1段階反応で進行した。先に、反応気に脂肪酸蒸留液1kg及びメタノール0.5kgを投入した。反応器の温度が300℃、圧力が3barになるように調節し、メタノール1kgを反応器に更に投入して2時間の間反応させた。その後、反応器の圧力を常圧まで低めて1時間を更に反応させた。この時、メタノール2kg(1次流入量の2倍)を投入した。反応生成物を実施例1と同一な方法及び条件で精製し、2次精製工程のために流入量の90重量%の脂肪酸メチルエステルを得た。 一方、反応に参加しなかった過剰のメタノールは実施例1と同一な方法で回収して再使用し、水は除去した。上述の方法による脂肪酸メチルエステルの転換率は99.8%であった。
Claims (12)
- 200〜350℃の温度及び常圧〜10Barの圧力で、脂肪酸原料とアルコールをエステル化反応させる段階を含むことを特徴とするバイオディーゼル燃料用脂肪酸アルキルエステルの製造方法。
- 前記アルコールと反応する脂肪酸原料は、植物性精製油を得るために植物性粗油脂(crude oil)を精製する過程から副産物として発生する脂肪酸蒸留液であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のバイオディーゼル燃料用脂肪酸アルキルエステルの製造方法。
- 前記脂肪酸蒸留液は、脂肪族部分の炭素数が14〜24個である脂肪酸を65〜95重量%を含むことを特徴とする請求項2に記載のバイオディーゼル燃料用脂肪酸アルキルエステルの製造方法。
- 粗脂肪酸アルキルエステルを蒸留塔に投入し、0.1〜150torrの真空下で蒸留塔の下部温度を150〜250℃に維持し、粗脂肪酸アルキルエステルから低沸点不純物を蒸留させて、アルコールと脂肪酸とのエステル化段階で粗脂肪酸アルキルエステルを精製する1次精製工程と、
前記1次精製された脂肪酸アルキルエステルを0.1〜150torrの真空下で下部温度を200〜300℃に維持しながら蒸留塔に投入し、脂肪族部分の炭素数が14〜24である脂肪酸アルキルエステルを得るために蒸留させて残留物を除去して、1次精製された脂肪酸アルキルエステルを精製する2次精製工程と、をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のバイオディーゼル燃料用脂肪酸アルキルエステルの製造方法。 - 前記脂肪酸原料に対するアルコールの投入比は重量比で0.5〜5倍であり、前記エステル化段階の反応温度は250〜320℃であり、エステル化段階のための反応圧力は常圧〜5barであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のバイオディーゼル燃料用脂肪酸アルキルエステルの製造方法。
- 前記エステル化段階で反応しなかった過剰のアルコールは、エステル化段階で生成された水とともに反応器の上部を通じて排出され、反応器の外郭に装着されたアルコール回収部に収集された後、蒸留されて反応器に再循環されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のバイオディーゼル燃料用脂肪酸アルキルエステルの製造方法。
- 200〜350℃の温度及び常圧〜10barの圧力で、脂肪酸原料とアルコールをエステル化反応させて全体脂肪酸の80〜90%を脂肪酸アルキルエステルに転換させる1次反応器と、
前記1次反応器で転換されなかった残りの脂肪酸を脂肪酸アルキルエステルに転換する2次反応器と、を含むことを特徴とするバイオディーゼル燃料用脂肪酸アルキルエステルの製造装置。 - 前記2次反応器は、反応器本体及び前記反応器本体の内部を2個以上の隔室に分割する一つ以上の隔壁を含み、前記隔壁の上部は開放されて反応物が隔壁の上部にオーバーフローされることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のバイオディーゼル燃料用脂肪酸アルキルエステルの製造装置。
- 前記2次反応器は、反応器本体及び前記反応器本体の内部を2個以上の隔室に分割する隔壁を含み、前記2次反応器内部の分割された隔室は上下方向に積層される形態に配列され、前記隔壁には液体流路及び気体流路が設置されていることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のバイオディーゼル燃料用脂肪酸アルキルエステルの製造装置。
- 前記隔室は第1の隔室と前記第1の隔室の下部に位置した第2の隔室とを含み、前記液体流路及び気体流路が前記隔壁を貫通し、前記液体流路の一端は第1の隔室に位置する反応液の上部面に相応する高さに位置し、前記液体流路の他端は第2の隔室に位置された反応液の上部面より高い所に位置し、前記気体流路の一端は前記第1の隔室に位置する反応液の上部面より高い所に位置し、前記気体流路の他端は第2の隔室に位置する反応液の上部面より高い所に位置することを特徴とする請求項9に記載のバイオディーゼル燃料用脂肪酸アルキルエステルの製造装置。
- 1個以上の反応器を含み、脂肪酸原料とアルコールを反応させて脂肪酸アルキルエステルを得るための反応部と、
蒸留により前記脂肪酸アルキルエステルから低沸点不純物を除去して1次精製された脂肪酸アルキルエステを生成するための1次精製部と、
前記1次精製された脂肪酸アルキルエステルを蒸留させて脂肪酸アルキルエステルを得て、残留物を除去するための2次精製部と、を含み、
前記反応部の上部には、過剰のアルコールを再循環して、前記反応部で生成された水を除去するためのアルコール回収部が連結されていることを特徴とするバイオディーゼル燃料用脂肪酸アルキルエステルの製造装置。 - 前記反応器は、撹拌器が付着された連続撹拌タンク反応器またはバッフルが付着された栓流反応器であることを特徴とする請求項11に記載のバイオディーゼル燃料用脂肪酸アルキルエステルの製造装置。
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BRPI0621209B1 (pt) | 2016-03-22 |
ES2721427T3 (es) | 2019-07-31 |
JP5232139B2 (ja) | 2013-07-10 |
CN101198677B (zh) | 2012-11-14 |
US20100228042A1 (en) | 2010-09-09 |
IN2012DN00444A (ja) | 2015-05-15 |
US7951967B2 (en) | 2011-05-31 |
PL2013319T3 (pl) | 2019-07-31 |
EP2013319B1 (en) | 2019-01-23 |
EP2013319A1 (en) | 2009-01-14 |
BRPI0621209A2 (pt) | 2011-12-06 |
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