JP2009532982A - 多重チャンネルオーディオ信号のラウドネス修正 - Google Patents
多重チャンネルオーディオ信号のラウドネス修正 Download PDFInfo
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- H03G3/00—Gain control in amplifiers or frequency changers
- H03G3/20—Automatic control
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- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
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- H03G9/18—Combinations of two or more types of control, e.g. gain control and tone control in untuned amplifiers having semiconductor devices for tone control and volume expansion or compression
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
- H04R5/04—Circuit arrangements, e.g. for selective connection of amplifier inputs/outputs to loudspeakers, for loudspeaker detection, or for adaptation of settings to personal preferences or hearing impairments
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Abstract
Description
本発明のより良い理解の観点から有益である知覚(音響心理学的なラウドネス)の測定及び調整のための特定の技術は以下の国際特許出願公開公報に説明されている。即ち、WO2004/111994 A2,Alan Jeffrey Seefeldt他,公開日2004年12月23日、発明の名称”Method,Apparatus and Computer Program for Calculating and Adjusting the Perceived Loudness of an Audio Signal”及び”A New Objective Meaure of Perceived Loudness,”Alan Seefeldt他、オーディオ技術学会学会論文6236,サンフランシスコ,2004年12月28日である。これら出願公開公報WO2004/111994 A2及び上記論文はその全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれている。
オーディオ信号の知覚ラウドネスを客観的に測定するための多くの方法が存在する。方法の例としては、ラウドネスの音響心理学的モデル(例えば”Acoustic――Method for calculating loudness level,” ISO 532 (1975)及びPCT/US2005/038579出願)のみならず、A, B及びC加重出力測定がある。加重出力測定は以下のようにして操作される。即ち、入力オーディオ信号を採り、公知のフィルタ(これは、より知覚的に感じ易い周波数を強調し、且つ知覚的に感じにくい周波数には重きを置かない)を適用して、所定の時間長に亘ってフィルタ濾波された信号の出力を平均化する。音響心理学的方法は、通常はより複雑であって、ヒトの耳の働きの良好なモデルを得ようとするものである。これらの方法は、信号を耳の 周波数応答及び感度を模擬する周波数帯域に分割し、様々な信号出力によるラウドネスの非線形性知覚のみならず、周波数及び時間的マスキングのような音響心理学的現象を考慮して、これらの周波数を操作して統合する。全ての方法の目的は、オーディオ信号についての主観的な印象に対して緊密に整合する数量的な測定値を導出することにある。
本発明は多重チャンネルオーディオ信号の全知覚ラウドネスLmを所定の量Smでスケーリングする方法を意図しており、ここで知覚ラウドネスは信号出力Pの非線形関数であり、個々のチャンネルLcの各々の知覚ラウドネスを全てのチャンネルSmの全知覚ラウドネスのスケーリングの所望量に実質的に等しい量によりスケーリングし、これは全知覚ラウドネススケーリングSmの計算における精度及び要求精度を前提としている。
一般に、ラウドネスLの大きさ、信号出力Pの関数Fとして記述される。信号出力Pはオーディオ信号の出力の大きさである。これは、A,B又はC加重出力又は多重帯域励起スペクトルとなりえる。例えば、ANSI S1.42−2001(R2006),聴覚的測定のための聴感補正回路の米国標準規格設計応答を参照されたい。関数Fは、ラウドネスの増加における変動に近似するように設計された非線形性である。この関数は、単独の広帯域出力の大きさに適用された図1の単独UEN関数と同じくらい単純であるか、又はラウドネスの心理音響モデルと同じくらい複雑であり、後者においては、励起スペクトルが、帯域ごとに異なる非線形性を通じて、特定のラウドネススぺクトルへ、次いで単独のラウドネス値へ変換される(例えば上述のPCT/US2005/038579号における如し)。A加重出力などの伝統的な加重出力はヒトの聴覚系の周波数変動感受性を考慮しようとするが、それらはレベル感受性における変動における感受性は考慮していなことに留意されたい。従って上述したような非線形性を通じて伝統的な加重出力の大きさを経ることは有益であろう。
上述のWO2004/111994 A2出願及び上述のPCT/US2005/038579出願において、Seefeldt他及びSeefeldtは、とりわけ、音響心理学的モデルに基づく知覚ラウドネスの客観的尺度を開示する。モノフォニックのオーディオ信号x[n]から、その方法は先ず、時間ブロックtの間に臨界帯域bにおいて内耳の基底膜に沿うエネルギーの分布に近似する励起信号E[b,t]を計算する。この励起は、オーディオ信号の短時間離散型フーリエ変換(STDFT)から以下のようの計算し得る。
実施
本発明は、ハードウェア又はソフトウェア、或いはそれらの両方の組合せ(例えば、プログラム可能な論理アレイ)の組合せで実行されるようにしてもよい。特に明記しない限り、発明の一部として含まれるアルゴリズムとプロセスには、特定のコンピュータ又は他の装置に本質的に関連するものではない。特に、様々な汎用マシンを本明細書における教示に従って記述されたプログラムにより使用してもよく、或いは、必須の方法ステップを実行するためにより特化した装置(例えば、集積回路)を構築することはより便利であろう。このように、本発明は少なくとも一つのコンピュータプログラムで実行されるようにしてもよく、そのプログラムは少なくとも一つのプログラム可能なコンピュータシステム上で実行され、その各々は少なくとも一つのプロセッサー、少なくとも一つのデータ記憶システム装置(揮発性及び不揮発性メモリ及び/又は記憶要素を含む)、少なくとも一つの入力デバイス又はポート、及び少なくとも一つの出力デバイス又はポートを含む。プログラム・コードは、本明細書に説明された機能を実行して、出力情報を生成するように、入力データに適用される。出力情報は、公知の方式で一つ以上の出力デバイスに適用される。
Claims (9)
- 多重チャンネルオーディオ信号の全知覚ラウドネスLmを所定の量Smでスケーリングする方法であって、ここで知覚ラウドネスは信号出力Pの非線形関数であり、
個々のチャンネルLcの各々の知覚ラウドネスを全てのチャンネルSmの全知覚ラウドネスのスケーリングの所望量に実質的に等しい量によりスケーリングし、これは全知覚ラウドネススケーリングSmの計算における精度及び要求精度を前提としている方法。 - 請求項1の方法において、個々のチャンネルの各々の知覚ラウドネスが個々のチャンネルの各々の利得を変化させることによりスケーリングされ、その利得はチャンネルの出力のスケーリングである方法。
- 請求項1又は2の方法において、実際の全ラウドネススケーリングと全ラウドネススケーリングの所望量との間の差を減じるように、各チャンネルに適用された前記ラウドネススケーリングを修正することを更に含む方法。
- 請求項3の方法において、各々のチャンネルに適用された前記ラウドネススケーリングが、各チャンネルの利得に共通の乗数を適用するか、又は各チャンネルのスケーリングに共通のスケーリング補正値を加えることにより修正される方法。
- 請求項1乃至4の何れか一項に記載の方法において、各チャンネルの前記知覚ラウドネスと前記全知覚ラウドネスとの両方が、複数の周波数帯域の各々で測定されると共に、各チャンネルの振幅が、該周波数帯で調節される方法。
- 請求項5の方法において、前記周波数帯域が臨界帯域である方法。
- 請求項1乃至4の何れか一項に記載の方法において、各チャンネルの前記知覚ラウドネスと前記全知覚ラウドネスとの両方が、一つの広帯域周波数帯で測定される方法。
- 請求項1乃至7の何れか一項に記載の方法を実行するように適合された装置。
- 請求項1乃至7の何れか一項に記載の方法をコンピュータに実行させるように、コンピュータ読取り可能な媒体に記憶されたコンピュータプログラム。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US78952306P | 2006-04-04 | 2006-04-04 | |
US60/789,523 | 2006-04-04 | ||
US85761706P | 2006-11-07 | 2006-11-07 | |
US60/857,617 | 2006-11-07 | ||
PCT/US2007/006444 WO2007123608A1 (en) | 2006-04-04 | 2007-03-14 | Loudness modification of multichannel audio signals |
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JP2009532982A true JP2009532982A (ja) | 2009-09-10 |
JP5006384B2 JP5006384B2 (ja) | 2012-08-22 |
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US (4) | US8019095B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2002539B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5006384B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101411060B (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE490596T1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602007010912D1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI517562B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007123608A1 (ja) |
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WO2007123608A1 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
CN101411060A (zh) | 2009-04-15 |
EP2002539A1 (en) | 2008-12-17 |
TWI517562B (zh) | 2016-01-11 |
CN101411060B (zh) | 2011-04-13 |
US8731215B2 (en) | 2014-05-20 |
JP5006384B2 (ja) | 2012-08-22 |
TW200810349A (en) | 2008-02-16 |
US20110311062A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
US20120106743A1 (en) | 2012-05-03 |
EP2002539B1 (en) | 2010-12-01 |
US8019095B2 (en) | 2011-09-13 |
ATE490596T1 (de) | 2010-12-15 |
US20140211946A1 (en) | 2014-07-31 |
US8600074B2 (en) | 2013-12-03 |
US20100202632A1 (en) | 2010-08-12 |
DE602007010912D1 (de) | 2011-01-13 |
US9584083B2 (en) | 2017-02-28 |
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