JP2009515877A - Cns障害を処置するための組成物および方法 - Google Patents
Cns障害を処置するための組成物および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009515877A JP2009515877A JP2008540098A JP2008540098A JP2009515877A JP 2009515877 A JP2009515877 A JP 2009515877A JP 2008540098 A JP2008540098 A JP 2008540098A JP 2008540098 A JP2008540098 A JP 2008540098A JP 2009515877 A JP2009515877 A JP 2009515877A
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Abstract
Description
本願は、米国特許法第119(e)条の下、2005年11月10日に出願された、米国特許出願第11/271,019号の優先権の利益を主張する。本願は、同時係属中の、2004年9月30日に出願された米国特許出願第10/955,434号および2004年10月7日に出願された米国特許出願第10/960,769号を、本明細書中に参考として援用する。
本発明は概ね5−HT4受容体モジュレータ、例えばアゴニスト、部分アゴニスト、逆アゴニスト、アンタゴニストの分野、より詳細に言えば新しいチエノピリジノン化合物に関するものであり、特に、セロトニン作用に関連する生理的状態の処置、モジュレーションおよび/または予防などに、例えばアルツハイマー病、認識障害、うつ病および不安の処置にこれらの化合物を(アセチル)コリンエステラーゼ阻害剤と共に医薬組成物として使用することに関する。
脳のセロトニン様神経系は、それ自体種々の疾患、例えばアルツハイマー病、認識障害、不安、片頭痛および虚血発作などをおこす種々の生理的機能に影響を与えることが示されている。5−HT受容体モジュレータ、例えばアゴニスト、部分アゴニスト、逆アゴニストおよびアンタゴニスト、および/または選択的セロトニン再取込み阻害剤(SSRI)、例えばフルオキセチン、パロキセチン、フルボキサミン、セルトラリン、ロラゼパム、イミプラミン、シタロプラム、およびノルトリプチリンなどは上記疾患の処置にも、パーキンソン病を含める神経病理学的疾患の治療にも用いられる。それらは脳循環の調節にも介入し、片頭痛を抑制する有効な作用物質である。それらは卒中または脳虚血のような脳梗塞発生の諸結果(脳卒中)も適切に予防および抑制する。
本発明は、アルツハイマー病、記憶障害、認識障害、およびうつ病を処置、予防または治すための5−HT4モジュレータ、例えばアゴニスト、部分アゴニスト、逆アゴニストおよびアンタゴニスト、および/またはSSRI;およびコリンエステラーゼまたはアセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害剤を含む新しい組成物の使用に関連する。本発明は5−HT4モジュレータである第一化合物を特徴とする;ある実施形態において、このような化合物は次の式を有する化合物であって
R1は(C1−C8)分岐または非分岐アルキル;(C1−C8)置換または非置換炭素環式環;分岐または非分岐ハロアルキル、置換または非置換アリールまたはヘテロアリール環;または置換または非置換(CH2)p−アリールまたは(CH2)p−ヘテロアリール環)であり、pは1、2、3または4であり;R2とR3とは一緒になって置換または非置換ピペリジン、ピロリジン、アゼパン、アジリジンまたはアゼチジン環を形成し;nは1、2、3、4、5または6である前記化合物;および薬学的に受容されるそれらの塩を含む。第一または第二化合物の量は、単独で投与した場合に記憶を実質的には強化しない量である。
R1はメチルまたはイソプロピルであり;R2は任意に置換されたアルキル基、例えばエチル、n−プロピル、イソプロピル、n−ブチル、イソブチル、sec−ブチル、ペンチル、メチルシクロプロピル、イソプロパノール、フェニルエチルである化合物;およびそれらの薬物的に容認される塩および/またはエステルでよい。
R1は(C1−C8)分岐または非分岐アルキルまたはアルケニル;(C1−C8)置換または非置換炭素環;置換または非置換アリールまたはヘテロアリール環;分岐または非分岐ハロアルキル(例えばCF3、CF3−CH2、CF3−CF2−)、または置換または非置換(CH2)p−アリールまたは(CH2)p−ヘテロアリール環であり、ここでpは1、2、3または4であり;
R2は任意に置換された(C1−C6)分岐または非分岐アルキル、アルケニル、アルキニル、アルキルヒドロキシ、アルキルアルコキシ、またはアルキルアシル基でよい。R2上の適切な置換基としては置換または非置換アリール;ヒドロキシル;(C1−C6)置換または非置換炭素環式環;置換または非置換(C1−C6)アルキルヒドロキシ、置換または非置換(C1−C6)アルキルアルコキシ、置換または非置換(C1−C6)アルキルアミノ、置換または非置換(C1−C6)アルキルアミノアシル、置換または非置換(C1−C6)アルキルアミノアリールがある。
本発明の特徴およびその他の詳細は、添付の図面を参照してより詳細に説明され、請求項に指示される。本明細書に記載される特定の実施形態は説明のために示されるものであって、本発明を制限するものではない。本発明の主な特徴は、本発明の範囲から逸脱することなく種々の実施形態において実施できることは当然である。全ての部分およびパーセントは別途記載がない限り重量である。
便宜上、本明細書、実施例および添付の請求項に用いた幾つかの用語をここに集める。
この実施例は部分5−HT4受容体アゴニストである6,7−ジヒドロ−4−ヒドロキシー7−イソプロピル−6−オキソ−N−(3−(ピペリジン−1−イル)プロピル)チエノ[2,3−b]ピリジン−5−カルボキサミドおよびアセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害物質である臭化水素ガランタミン(両方とも最適量以下)を含む組合わせ治療が、記憶向上を決定する判断基準である遅延自発的交替行動を高めることを示す。
試験時の体重が325ないし375グラムの雄ロング−エバンス・ラット(チャールズリバー社、インディアナポリス、IN)を全実験に用いた。対象は、室温を調節したプラスチックケージ中で、12時間明暗サイクル(8:00hに明るくする)で個々に飼育された。ラットには試験前24時間を除いて餌および水を自由に摂取させた。試験前24時間からは餌が約12グラムに制限された。実験は、試験研究および訓練用脊椎動物の利用およびケアのための米国政府の法律にしたがって行われた。
遅延自発的交替行動を0.6cm太さのブラックプラスチックで作られた4本のアームの十字迷路で試験した。迷路を床から75cmのテーブルの上に置いた。迷路の各アームは長さ55cm、幅10cmとし、壁の高さは15cmとした。
この試験に使用する全てのラットはナイーブとした。試験の30分前に化合物A(0.03、0.1、1、5または10mg/kg)、臭化水素酸ガランタミン(0.3または2.5mg/kg)、これら2化合物の組合わせ(化合物A0.03mg/kgおよびガランタミン0.3mg/kg、化合物A0.1mg/kgおよびガランタミン0.3mg/kg、または化合物A0.03mg/kgおよびガランタミン2.5mg/kg)、または媒体(5%DMSO/滅菌水)を20i.p.注射した。自発的交替課題の遅延バージョンでは、ラット25匹に自由にアームを選択させたが、選択した後、そのラットをそのアームに30秒間閉じ込めた。30秒間遅延後、ブロックを解除し、ラットを自由にし、別の選択ができるようにした。試験は15分間続けられた。11以上の選択を行わなかったラットは分析から除外した。各群のラット数は、媒体群(n=15)および化合物A0.03mg/kgおよびガランタミン2.5mg/kgの組合わせ群(n=5)以外は、6匹であった。
次の交替行動を本課題の各バージョンで点数をつけた:
4/4交替:ラットは4選択コースで各アームに1回入らなければならなかった。ラットが4選択系列中4本の異なるアームに入ることに成功した回数を用いて交替スコアを計算した。
遅延自発的交替
遅延自発的交替試験において、媒体対照の行動は偶然行動に近かった(図1参照)。化合物Aによる処置は自発的交替行動を用量依存的に高めた。さらに、臭化水素酸ガランタミンも交替スコアを用量依存的に改善した。分析の結果は、処置が交替スコアに有意な効果を与えることを示した、F(10、62)=4.964、p<0.001。フィッシャーの最小有意差post−hos試験は、媒体対照に比較して、化合物A(1、5、および10mg/kg)および臭化水素酸ガランタミン(2.5mg/kg)が遅延交替スコアを有意に増加させることを示した(p’s<0.001)。さらに、化合物A0.03mg/kgと臭化水素酸ガランタミン0.3または2.5mg/kgとの組合わせは、媒体対照のそれに比較して遅延交替スコアを有意に高めた(p’s<0.001)。しかし化合物A(0.03mg/kg)/ガランタミン(2.5mg/kg)組合わせによる処置は、ガランタミン(2.5mg/kg)だけの処置に比べて遅延自発的交替行動に影響を与えなかった(p>0.05)。化合物A(0.03mg/kg)/ガランタミン(2.5mg/kg)群にはスコアに二通りの分布があり、2匹のラットは65%より大きいスコアを示し、その他の3匹は40%よりわずかに小さいスコアを示した。
遅延自発的交替におけるアーム選択数からの結果を図2に示す。群のアーム選択の平均数は14.6から20.5の範囲であった。アーム選択数に対して薬剤は全体的効果を示した、F(10.62)=3.159、p<0.01。Post−hoc試験は、0.03mg/kgの化合物A群だけが媒体と有意に異なることを明らかにした。
化合物Aは1から10mg/kgまでの広い用量範囲にわたって自発的交替行動を容易にする。この場合臭化水素酸ガランタミンは2.5mg/kgの用量では行動を高めたが、0.3mg/kgでは高めなかった。さらに、最適以下の用量の化合物Aおよび臭化水素酸ガランタミンの組み合わせも記憶向上に導いた、例えば0.3mg/kgの臭化水素酸ガランタミンと0.03mg/kgの化合物Aとの組合わせは遅延自発的交替課題の行動を改善した。
この実施例は、化合物Aとガランタミンとの組合わせの適量以下の用量は空間記憶を強化することを証明するものである。
試験時に350ないし400グラムの体重を有する雄ロング−エバンス・ラットを全実験に使用した。温度調節をした室のプラスチックケージ中で12時間明暗サイクル(7:00hに明るくする)で、対象を個々に飼育した。ラットには試験前の24時間を除き、自由に餌および水を摂取させた。試験前24時間からは、餌が約12gに制限された。実験は試験、研究および訓練用脊椎動物の利用およびケアのための米国政府の法律にしたがって行われた。
遅延自発的交替試験を0.6cm太さのブラックプラスチックから作られた4本のアームの十字迷路で行った。迷路は床上75cmのテーブル上に置かれた。迷路の各アームは長さ55cm、幅10cmとし、壁の高さは15cmとした。
試験のこのバージョンのために使用する全てのラットはナイーブとした。試験前30分間、ラットは媒体(5%DMSO/滅菌水)、化合物A0.3mg/kg、ガランタミン0.3または2.5mg/kg、または化合物A(0.1mg/kg)/ガランタミン(0.3mg/kg)の組合わせ、化合物A(0.3mg/kg)/ガランタミン(0.3mg/kg)の組合わせ、化合物A(0.3mg/kg)/ガランタミン(0.1mg/kg)の組合わせの注射を1回受けた。ラットは試験前5分間は試験室に置かれた。遅延バージョンでは、ラットは自由にアームを選択することが許されたが、選択した後、そのラットをそのアームに30秒間閉じ込めた。試験系列は15分間続いた。11以上選択をしなかったラットは分析から除外された。各群のラット数は4−13匹であった。
試験の各バージョンについて次の交替行動に点数をつけた:
4/4交替:ラットは4選択コースにおいて各アームに1回入らなければならなかった。ラットが4選択系列中に4本の異なるアームに入ることに成功した回数を用いて交替スコアを計算した。
この実施例は、遅延自発的交替中のラットにおける海馬アセチルコリンレベルに対する非常に多量の化合物Aの影響を示す。
試験時の体重が350ないし400グラムである雄ロング−エバンス・ラット(チャールスリバー ラボラトリーズ、インデイアナポリス、IN)を全ての実験に用いた。対象を温度調節した室のプラスチックケージに、12時間明暗サイクル(7:00hに明るくする)で個々に飼育した。ラットには試験前の24時間を除き、自由に餌および水を摂取させた。試験前24時間からは、餌が約12gに制限された。実験は、試験、研究および訓練用脊椎動物の利用およびケアのための米国政府の法律にしたがって行われた。
遅延自発的交替試験は0.6cm太さのブラックプラスチックから作られた4本のアームの十字迷路で試験した。迷路は床上75cmのテーブル上に置かれた。迷路の各アームは長さ55cm、幅10cmとし、壁の高さは15cmとした。
各ラットは腹側海馬にカニューレを移植する定位手術を受けた。1匹のラットに先ず硫酸アトロピン(0.2mL;250gg/mL溶液、i.p.)を注射した。10分後、ペントバルビタールナトリウム(50mg/kg、i.p.)を全身麻酔として投与した。ラットをその後定位フレーム内に置き、正中−矢状切開を行った。各ラットに10mmガイドカニューレ(CMAミクロ透析)をブレグマに対して5.2後部、正中線に対して5.2±後方、および頭蓋表面に対して3.7前方の定位座標軸に移植した。4個の宝石スクリューをこのカニューレを取り囲む頭蓋内に置き、歯科用アクリルで定位置に固定した。手術後、ラットに食塩水3ccを投与した(s.c.)。各ラットには、普通のラット食に戻る前の1日だけ、すりつぶしたラット食と砂糖とを水中で混合したものを与えた。
試験前日に、ラットを大きいプラスチックボール内に置き、ミクロ透析プローブを上記カニューレに3分間挿入し、詰まらないようにした。試験日に、3mm透析プローブ(CMA)をガイドカニューレによって海馬に挿入した。透析プローブは、石英スイベル(インステック)に結合したポリエチレン管、付加的長さの管、そして注入ポンプ(Harvard Apparatus)に連結した。プローブを人工的脳脊髄液で1.5gL/minの速度で連続的に潅流した。この脳脊髄液は128mMのNaCl、2.5mMのKCl、1.3mMのCaCl2、2.1MMのM902、0.9mMのNaH2PO4、2.0mMのNa2HPO4、1.0mMデキストロースからなり、NaOHによってpH7.4に調節された。透析液中のアセチルコリンレベルを確実に検出するために、可逆的アセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害剤、臭化ネオスチグミン(0.1gM)を人工的脳脊髄液に加えた。
試験日に、ミクロ透析プローブをラットの海馬に挿入し、そのラットを大きいプラスチックボール中に置いた。試験前の脳組織と潅流溶液とを平衡させるために最初の60分間は潅流液を分析しなかった。その後サンプルを8分間隔で集めた。3つのベースラインサンプルを集め、その後ラットに化合物A(1または5mg/kg)または媒体(5%DMSO/滅菌水)をi.p.注射した。注射容量は5ml/kgであった。このようにしてラットはそれらの体重に応じて1.5〜2.0mlの注射を受けた。4つの追加的ベースライン・サンプルを集め、その後ラットを迷路に置き、自発的交替試験を開始した。
休息条件測定の場合の操作法は、ラットが迷路上に置かれないこと以外は行動試験法と同じであった。
電気化学的に検出する高速液体クロマトグラフィーを用いてサンプル(10μL)のアセチルコリンを分析試験した。アセチルコリンおよびコリンを分離するためにサンプルをマイクロボア分析カラム上に載せた。分離後、アセチルコリンエステラーゼおよびコリンオキシダーゼを含む酵素的ポストカラム反応器においてアセチルコリンはコリンと酢酸塩に、コリンはベタインと過酸化水素とに変換した。アセチルコリンおよびコリンはさらに分解して理論量の過酸化水素を生成した。過酸化水素は分解し、ホースラディッシュペルオキシダーゼでコーティングされたガラス炭素ワイヤー電極+100mV 対 Ag/Ag基準電極によって検出された。50mMのNa2HPO4、0.3mMのEDTAおよび0.005%ProClinからなる移動相は、溶媒運搬装置によって速度100gUminで運搬された。
下記の交替行動のスコアを測定した:
4/4交替:ラットは4選択コース中に各アームに1回入らなければならなかった。ラットが4選択系列中に4本の異なるアームに入ることに成功した回数を用いて交替スコアを計算した。
遅延自発的交替
遅延自発的交替試験において、媒体対照は4/4基準に基づく偶然行動に近かった(22%)。化合物Aによる処置は1mg/kg量でも5mg/kg量でも遅延自発的交替行動を約45%に高める。自発的交替スコアの群間差は有意であった、F(2、20)=12.30、p<0.01。Post−hoc分析の結果は、化合物Aでは媒体対照に比較して交替スコアが有意に大きいことを示した(p’s<0.01)。
アーム選択の群間平均数は11−22の範囲であった。アーム選択数の群間差は統計的に有意ではなかった、F(2、20)=0.14、p>0.05。
海馬におけるアセチルコリン流出は、post−drugベースライン中、媒体および化合物A1mg/kgまたは5mg/kgの投与を受けているラットにおいて同様なレベルであったが、産生量は化合物Aを投与したラットの方が一貫して高かった。遅延自発的交替の最初の8分には、アセチルコリン流出は対照ラットの基礎レベルより約35%増加し、2薬剤群における基礎レベルより約65%増加した。最後の数分ではアセチルコリン産生は対照ラットの基礎レベルより60パーセント増加し、両薬剤群では約110%増加した。反復測定値の分散分析の結果は、時間に関する主要な効果、F(8、160)=66.32、p<0.01、および有意な時間-処置相互作用、F(16、160)=1.91、p<0.05があることを明らかにした。時間×処置相互作用のpost−hoc分析は、処置の最後の8分間の海馬ACh産生が化合物A処置群では媒体対照のそれに比較して有意に大きいことを示した(p<0.05)。
海馬におけるアセチルコリン産生は媒体または化合物A1mg/kgまたは5mg/kgを投与されたラットでは差がなかった。注射直後には全ての群においてACh産生のわずかな増加があり、それは徐々に同様の速度でベースラインレベルに戻った。化合物Aによる自発的交替行動の増加は海馬アセチルコリン産生の増加を伴った。海馬ACh産生に与える化合物Aの影響は、遅延自発的交替だけにあらわれた。この試験そのものが、対照における海馬ACh産生を高めた。遅延自発的交替中の海馬ACh産生の増加は化合物Aによる処置によって増強された。休息状態では化合物Aは海馬ACh産生に何ら影響を与えなかった。研究結果は、海馬のコリン作動系に関連する条件下では化合物Aが海馬ACh産生を調節することを示唆している。
当業者は日常的実験だけを用いてここに記載の特異的方法に匹敵する多数の同等物を理解し、または確かめることができる。このような同等物は本発明の範囲内と考えられ、次の請求項に含まれる。本発明において種々の置換、変化および変更は請求項によって明確にされるように、本発明の精神および範囲から逸脱することなく行われる。その他の局面、利益および変更は本発明の範囲内である。本明細書全体に記載されているすべての参照、発行ずみ特許および公開特許出願は参考として本明細書に組み込まれる。これらの特許、出願およびその他の文献の適切な成分、プロセスおよび方法をこれらの発明および実施形態のために選択できる。
Claims (19)
- 次式の第一化合物であって、
コリンエステラーゼまたはアセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害剤であり、単独で投与された場合は記憶を実質的には強化しない量で存在する第二化合物
を含む医薬組成物。 - R1がメチル、エチル、イソプロピル、n−プロピル、n−ブチルまたはイソブチルからなる群から選択される(C1−C8)アルキルであり;R2およびR3が一緒になって置換または非置換ピペリジン(N−含有6員環)を形成し;nは3である、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記分岐または非分岐ハロアルキル基がF、Cl、Br、およびIからなる群から選択されるハロゲン原子を含む、請求項1記載の化合物。
- 前記第一化合物が6,7−ジヒドロ−4−ヒドロキシ−7−イソプロピル−6−オキソ−N−(3−(ピペリジン−1−イル)プロピル)チエノ[2,3−b]ピリジン−5−カルボキサミドまたは薬学的に受容されるその塩および/またはエステルである、請求項1記載の化合物。
- 前記第一化合物の量が約0.25mg/kg未満の投与量を与えるのに十分な量である、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記第一化合物の量が0.01ないし0.25mg/kgの投与量を与えるのに十分な量である、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記第二化合物がメトリフォネート、ネオスチグミン、フィゾスチグミン、ピリドスチグミン、ガランタミン(galantamine)/ガランタミン(galanthamine)、ドネペジル、タクリン、アンベノニウム、デマルカリウム、エドロフォニウム、リバスチグミン、フェンセリン、メンタン、およびエプタスチグミン;または薬学的に受容されるそれらの塩および/またはエステルからなる群から選択される請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記第二化合物の量が約0.5mg/kg未満の投与量を与えるのに十分な量である、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記第二化合物の量が0.1ないし0.5mg/kgの投与量を与えるのに十分な量である、請求項1記載の医薬組成物。
- アルツハイマー病または認識障害の処置を必要とする患者のアルツハイマー病または認識障害を処置する方法であって、
次式を有する第一化合物であって
コリンエステラーゼまたはアセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害剤であり、単独で投与された場合には記憶を実質的には強化しない量で存在する第二化合物
を含む治療を、それを必要とする患者に適用することを含む、方法。 - 記憶の強化を必要とする患者の記憶を強化する方法であって、
次式を有する第一化合物であって、
コリンエステラーゼまたはアセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害剤であり、単独で投与された場合は記憶を実質的には強化しない量で存在する第二化合物
を含む治療を前記処置を必要とする患者に適用することを含む、方法。 - アルツハイマー病または認識障害の処置を必要とする患者のアルツハイマー病または認識障害を処置する方法であって、前記処置を必要とする患者を診断すること、および
次式を有する第一化合物であって、
コリンエステラーゼまたはアセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害剤であり、単独で投与された場合は記憶を実質的には強化しない量で存在する第二化合物
を含む治療を前記処置を必要とする患者に適用することを含む、方法。 - 記憶の強化を必要とする患者の記憶を強化する方法であって、処置を必要とする患者を診断すること、および
次式を有する第一化合物であって、
コリンエステラーゼまたはアセチルコリンエステラーゼ阻害剤であり、単独で投与された場合は記憶を実質的には強化しない量で存在する第二化合物
を含む治療を、前記処置を必要とする患者に適用することを含む、方法。 - 前記第一および第二化合物が一緒に投与される請求項10、11、12または13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第一および第二化合物が別々に投与される請求項10、11、12または13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第一化合物の量が約0.25mg/kg未満の投与量を与えるのに十分な量である請求項10、11、12または13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第一化合物の量が0.01ないし0.25mg/kgの投与量を与えるのに十分な量である請求項10、11、12または13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第二化合物の量が約0.5mg/kg未満の投与量を与えるのに十分な量である請求項10、11、12または13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第二化合物の量が0.1ないし0.5mg/kgの投与量を与えるのに十分な量である請求項10、11、12または13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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EP (1) | EP1959954A2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2009515877A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20080067001A (ja) |
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AR (1) | AR057887A1 (ja) |
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CA (1) | CA2629312C (ja) |
CR (1) | CR10062A (ja) |
EA (1) | EA200801302A1 (ja) |
IL (1) | IL191168A0 (ja) |
MA (1) | MA30037B1 (ja) |
NO (1) | NO20082679L (ja) |
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- 2006-11-06 WO PCT/US2006/043140 patent/WO2007058805A2/en active Application Filing
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- 2006-11-06 EA EA200801302A patent/EA200801302A1/ru unknown
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- 2006-11-06 KR KR1020087013812A patent/KR20080067001A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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CN101340908A (zh) | 2009-01-07 |
TW200735868A (en) | 2007-10-01 |
US7598265B2 (en) | 2009-10-06 |
ZA200804951B (en) | 2009-04-29 |
CA2629312C (en) | 2014-08-12 |
AR057887A1 (es) | 2007-12-26 |
WO2007058805A2 (en) | 2007-05-24 |
KR20080067001A (ko) | 2008-07-17 |
WO2007058805A3 (en) | 2007-10-04 |
BRPI0618493A2 (pt) | 2011-08-30 |
CR10062A (es) | 2009-05-14 |
EP1959954A2 (en) | 2008-08-27 |
US20110195953A1 (en) | 2011-08-11 |
IL191168A0 (en) | 2008-12-29 |
NO20082679L (no) | 2008-06-10 |
US20060234998A1 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
MA30037B1 (fr) | 2008-12-01 |
EA200801302A1 (ru) | 2009-02-27 |
CA2629312A1 (en) | 2007-05-24 |
AU2006315854A1 (en) | 2007-05-24 |
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