JP2009508742A - 自動車の空気ばね構成体における漏洩を検出するための方法及び装置 - Google Patents
自動車の空気ばね構成体における漏洩を検出するための方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2009508742A JP2009508742A JP2008531651A JP2008531651A JP2009508742A JP 2009508742 A JP2009508742 A JP 2009508742A JP 2008531651 A JP2008531651 A JP 2008531651A JP 2008531651 A JP2008531651 A JP 2008531651A JP 2009508742 A JP2009508742 A JP 2009508742A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- air
- air spring
- total
- temperature
- vehicle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010512 thermal transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
- G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
- G01M17/04—Suspension or damping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
- B60G17/015—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements
- B60G17/018—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by the use of a specific signal treatment or control method
- B60G17/0185—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by the use of a specific signal treatment or control method for failure detection
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
- B60G17/02—Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means
- B60G17/04—Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means fluid spring characteristics
- B60G17/052—Pneumatic spring characteristics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
- B60G17/02—Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means
- B60G17/04—Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means fluid spring characteristics
- B60G17/052—Pneumatic spring characteristics
- B60G17/0523—Regulating distributors or valves for pneumatic springs
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
- B60G2202/10—Type of spring
- B60G2202/15—Fluid spring
- B60G2202/152—Pneumatic spring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
- B60G2202/10—Type of spring
- B60G2202/15—Fluid spring
- B60G2202/154—Fluid spring with an accumulator
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2400/00—Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
- B60G2400/25—Stroke; Height; Displacement
- B60G2400/252—Stroke; Height; Displacement vertical
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2400/00—Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
- B60G2400/50—Pressure
- B60G2400/51—Pressure in suspension unit
- B60G2400/512—Pressure in suspension unit in spring
- B60G2400/5122—Fluid spring
- B60G2400/51222—Pneumatic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2400/00—Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
- B60G2400/70—Temperature of vehicle part or in the vehicle
- B60G2400/71—Temperature of vehicle part or in the vehicle of suspension unit
- B60G2400/712—Temperature of vehicle part or in the vehicle of suspension unit of spring
- B60G2400/7122—Fluid spring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2500/00—Indexing codes relating to the regulated action or device
- B60G2500/20—Spring action or springs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2500/00—Indexing codes relating to the regulated action or device
- B60G2500/20—Spring action or springs
- B60G2500/205—Air-compressor operation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2600/00—Indexing codes relating to particular elements, systems or processes used on suspension systems or suspension control systems
- B60G2600/08—Failure or malfunction detecting means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2800/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of movement or to the condition of the vehicle and to the end result to be achieved by the control action
- B60G2800/80—Detection or control after a system or component failure
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
- Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
- Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- 1個又は複数の空気ばねを有する車高制御装置、空気ばね構成体内の総空気量を測定するための装置、及び温度を感知するための装置を備える自動車空気ばね構成体において漏洩を検出するための方法であって、前記空気ばね構成体内の総空気量Q1が第1の瞬時t1において測定されるとともに前記空気ばね構成体内の総空気量Q2が第2の瞬時t2において測定され、これらの量が前記空気ばね構成体内に存在する空気の温度の感知の結果得られる温度依存係数により補正されるとともに、前記温度補正された総空気量Q1とQ2との間の差が求められることにより、前記差が特定の限界値QGrenzだけ超過する時に前記空気ばね構成体における漏洩が特定されることを特徴とする方法。
- 総空気量Q1、Q2を測定する時、少なくとも1個の圧力センサ及び少なくとも1個の高さセンサの計測値が評価されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記空気ばね構成体の総空気量Q1、Q2が、前記個々の空気ばね内の空気量及び空気チャンバ内及び前記空気チャンバを前記空気ばねに接続する空気ライン内の空気量の合計から決定されることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 差が生じると、外部から前記空気ばね構成体に供給される空気量Qin及び/又は環境中に放出される空気量Qausについて追加的に検討されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記方法が静止した前記自動車で実行されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記方法が前記自動車の閉鎖時に実行されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 漏洩の検出時に警告信号が生成されるとともに前記自動車の運転者に伝達されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 漏洩の検出時に然るべき不具合メッセージが診断記憶装置に格納されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 漏洩の検出時に前記車高制御装置が緊急作動を開始して前記自動車を運転動力上危険でない車高位置に移動させることを特徴とする、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 多数の空気ばね(2a、2b、2c、2d)を有する車高制御装置、空気ばね構成体(1)内の総空気量を測定するための装置(5a、5b、5c、5d、6、12、14a、14b、14c、14d)、及び温度を感知するための装置(15a、15b、15c、15d、16、17)を備える自動車空気ばね構成体(1)を用いて請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法を実行するための装置であって、異なる瞬時t1、t2において測定されるとともに前記空気ばね構成体内に存在する空気の温度の感知の結果得られる温度依存係数により補正される2つの総空気量Q1、Q2から差を求めるとともに、差が特定の限界値QGrenzだけ超過する時に前記空気ばね構成体(1)における漏洩を特定するよう設計される評価/制御装置(13)を特徴とする装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005045269.8 | 2005-09-22 | ||
DE102005045269A DE102005045269A1 (de) | 2005-09-22 | 2005-09-22 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erkennung von Leckagen in einer Kraftfahrzeug-Luftfederanordnung |
PCT/EP2006/065713 WO2007033884A1 (de) | 2005-09-22 | 2006-08-28 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erkennung von leckagen in einer kraftfahrzeug-luftfederanordnung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2009508742A true JP2009508742A (ja) | 2009-03-05 |
JP5026427B2 JP5026427B2 (ja) | 2012-09-12 |
Family
ID=37162694
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2008531651A Expired - Fee Related JP5026427B2 (ja) | 2005-09-22 | 2006-08-28 | 自動車の空気ばね構成体における漏洩を検出するための方法及び装置 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20080190170A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1928675B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5026427B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20080045675A (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE434537T1 (ja) |
DE (2) | DE102005045269A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007033884A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2018016141A (ja) * | 2016-07-26 | 2018-02-01 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | エアサスペンションシステム |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007025835B4 (de) * | 2007-06-02 | 2012-09-06 | Daimler Ag | Diagnose von Leckagen an Druckluftsystemen, insbesondere in Nutzfahrzeugen |
SE531808C2 (sv) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-08-11 | Scania Cv Abp | Förfarande för att uppskatta tillförd mängd tryckluft till en luftbälg i ett fordon |
EP2301775A1 (de) * | 2009-09-29 | 2011-03-30 | Continental Teves AG & Co. oHG | Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Luftmasse in einem elektronisch regelbaren Luftfedersystem für Kraftfahrzeuge und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
DE102012223175A1 (de) * | 2012-12-14 | 2014-06-18 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Verfahren zur Überprüfung der Funktionsfähigkeit eines Luftfedersystems |
KR102083840B1 (ko) * | 2013-10-10 | 2020-03-03 | 현대모비스 주식회사 | 서스펜션 장치의 미세누기 검출 장치 및 미세누기 검출 방법 |
DE102017011905A1 (de) | 2017-12-21 | 2019-06-27 | Wabco Gmbh | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Betreiben eines pneumatischen Systems mit einer Druckluftversorgungsanlage und einer Luftfederanlage und pneumatisches System mit einer Druckluftversorgungsanlage und einer Luftfederanlage sowie Fahrzeug |
DE102018125503A1 (de) * | 2018-10-15 | 2020-04-16 | Amk Holding Gmbh & Co. Kg | Lagervorrichtung für einen Luftkompressor eines Fahrzeugs |
EP4009026B1 (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2024-09-18 | Volvo Truck Corporation | An air-actuated vehicle system and a method of detecting leakage in an air-actuated vehicle system |
DE102021113977A1 (de) | 2021-05-31 | 2022-12-01 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Leckageerkennung bei Luftfederbeinen |
CN113607348B (zh) * | 2021-08-05 | 2024-07-02 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司 | 列车空气弹簧漏气监测方法及电子设备 |
EP4163167B1 (en) * | 2021-10-07 | 2024-04-03 | Volvo Truck Corporation | Commercial vehicle comprising a pneumatic system and method for controlling a pneumatic system |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH04349011A (ja) * | 1991-02-04 | 1992-12-03 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 車高調整制御装置 |
JP2003054236A (ja) * | 2001-05-10 | 2003-02-26 | Continental Ag | 閉鎖されたレベル調整設備内の貯蔵部圧力を調整するための方法 |
JP2004034891A (ja) * | 2002-07-05 | 2004-02-05 | Toyota Motor Corp | 車高調整装置 |
JP2006298101A (ja) * | 2005-04-19 | 2006-11-02 | Toyota Motor Corp | 車高調整装置 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2230358B (en) | 1989-04-08 | 1993-10-06 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Height regulating system for a vehicle with air suspension |
DE19515895A1 (de) * | 1995-04-29 | 1996-10-31 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Druckluft-Versorgungseinrichtung für Fahrzeug-Druckluftanlagen sowie Verfahren zum Steuern der Druckluft-Versorgungseinrichtung |
DE10160972C1 (de) | 2001-12-11 | 2003-01-23 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Verfahren zur Regelung der Luftmenge in einem Niveauregulierungssystem |
DE10300737A1 (de) | 2002-03-08 | 2003-10-02 | Continental Ag | Leckage-Erkennung in einer Kraftfahrzeug-Luftfederanordnung |
DE10313735B4 (de) * | 2003-03-27 | 2011-02-17 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Überwachung eines Flüssigkeitsvolumens in einem Fahrzeug |
DE102004021593A1 (de) * | 2004-05-03 | 2005-12-01 | Continental Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Luftmengenregelung in einer geschlossenen Luftversorgungsanlage für ein Fahrwerk |
-
2005
- 2005-09-22 DE DE102005045269A patent/DE102005045269A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-08-28 WO PCT/EP2006/065713 patent/WO2007033884A1/de active Application Filing
- 2006-08-28 EP EP06778370A patent/EP1928675B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-08-28 US US12/067,509 patent/US20080190170A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-08-28 DE DE502006004083T patent/DE502006004083D1/de active Active
- 2006-08-28 KR KR1020087002623A patent/KR20080045675A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-08-28 JP JP2008531651A patent/JP5026427B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-08-28 AT AT06778370T patent/ATE434537T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH04349011A (ja) * | 1991-02-04 | 1992-12-03 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 車高調整制御装置 |
JP2003054236A (ja) * | 2001-05-10 | 2003-02-26 | Continental Ag | 閉鎖されたレベル調整設備内の貯蔵部圧力を調整するための方法 |
JP2004034891A (ja) * | 2002-07-05 | 2004-02-05 | Toyota Motor Corp | 車高調整装置 |
JP2006298101A (ja) * | 2005-04-19 | 2006-11-02 | Toyota Motor Corp | 車高調整装置 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2018016141A (ja) * | 2016-07-26 | 2018-02-01 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | エアサスペンションシステム |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102005045269A1 (de) | 2007-03-29 |
KR20080045675A (ko) | 2008-05-23 |
ATE434537T1 (de) | 2009-07-15 |
DE502006004083D1 (de) | 2009-08-06 |
US20080190170A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
WO2007033884A1 (de) | 2007-03-29 |
JP5026427B2 (ja) | 2012-09-12 |
EP1928675A1 (de) | 2008-06-11 |
EP1928675B1 (de) | 2009-06-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5026427B2 (ja) | 自動車の空気ばね構成体における漏洩を検出するための方法及び装置 | |
JP4707717B2 (ja) | 少なくとも1つの空気弁アクチュエータ装置のための診断装置 | |
US7987726B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for diagnosis of liquid losses in pressure measuring transducers filled with pressure transmitting liquids | |
US7284437B2 (en) | Device and method for the status monitoring of a pressure measuring unit | |
US8205484B2 (en) | Apparatus and method for leak testing | |
US9187103B2 (en) | Method and device for estimating the temperature of an axle bearing of a wheelset of a rail vehicle | |
US9489777B2 (en) | Device for detecting the impact of an object on a vehicle | |
EP3379218B1 (en) | Method for providing a diagnostic on a combined humidity and temperature sensor | |
CN111448086B (zh) | 用于获知车辆上的车桥负荷的方法及其设备 | |
US20130174644A1 (en) | Test method for a humidity sensor and sensor module for same | |
CA2457480A1 (en) | A failure diagnosing apparatus for an engine cooling water temperature sensor | |
CN101264725A (zh) | 使用单个压力传感器的悬架的控制单元 | |
JPH05223411A (ja) | 冷却設備における冷却媒体・充填レベルの監視方法 | |
US20160018288A1 (en) | System for detecting an air filter condition, in particular for combustion engine | |
US6748799B2 (en) | Method and system for monitoring a tire air pressure using a counter | |
CN111845646B (zh) | 连接到空气悬架系统的清洁系统 | |
US10086662B2 (en) | Device and method for detecting a pressure change in a tire using a plurality of temperature signals | |
JP2005519274A (ja) | タイヤ圧力監視システムの温度補正方法 | |
EP3128318A1 (en) | Humidity detection device | |
US11485189B2 (en) | Weight estimation device, weight estimation method and non-transitory storage medium for vehicle | |
US9024742B2 (en) | Tire inflation pressure control system and method in motor vehicles | |
GB2540417A (en) | Central tyre inflation system | |
JP2021533373A (ja) | 車両の液体タンクの少なくとも1つの内部補強要素の状態を試験するための方法 | |
US20160052501A1 (en) | Method and device for ascertaining at least one variable regarding a state of a brake fluid in a brake system of a vehicle | |
US7181324B2 (en) | Occupant recognition system for vehicles |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20101102 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20110202 |
|
A602 | Written permission of extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602 Effective date: 20110209 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20110302 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20111004 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20111222 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20120605 |
|
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20120620 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20150629 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 5026427 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |