JP2009502744A - アシル−CoA:コレステロールアシルトランスフェラーゼ阻害用組成物 - Google Patents
アシル−CoA:コレステロールアシルトランスフェラーゼ阻害用組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009502744A JP2009502744A JP2008520192A JP2008520192A JP2009502744A JP 2009502744 A JP2009502744 A JP 2009502744A JP 2008520192 A JP2008520192 A JP 2008520192A JP 2008520192 A JP2008520192 A JP 2008520192A JP 2009502744 A JP2009502744 A JP 2009502744A
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、アシル−CoA:コレステロールアシルトランスフェラーゼ阻害活性を有する組成物に係り、より具体的には、胡椒(Piper nigrum L.)抽出物、前記抽出物から分離された特定の化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩を含む、アシル−CoA:コレステロールアシルトランスフェラーゼ阻害用組成物に関する。
血管疾患は主に高脂血症によって発病される。この疾患の死亡率は全体死亡率の上位を占めている。よって、血管疾患の治療および予防のための医薬品の開発が求められている。
そこで、本発明の目的は、胡椒抽出物、それから分離したractamideRetrof A、pipercide、piperrolein B、piperchabamide D、pellitorineおよびこれらの組み合わせから選ばれる化合物、またはその薬学的に許容される塩を含む、アシル−CoA:コレステロールアシルトランスフェラーゼ阻害活性を有する組成物を提供することにある。
一つの様態として、本発明は、アシル−CoA:コレステロールアシルトランスフェラーゼ阻害活性を有する胡椒抽出物(Piper nigrum L.)、およびこれを含む組成物に関する。
発明で使用した胡椒は、大田生薬市場から購入して水できれいに洗浄した後、陰で乾燥させた後、刃付き粉砕機で粉末化させた。粉末化された胡椒5kgに3倍のメタノール(乾燥した胡椒の重量に対して)を加えて7日間室温で放置抽出した後、濾過した。前記濾過液を減圧濃縮して粗抽出物を得た。前記粗抽出物から活性物質を分離および精製するために、n−ヘキサン、クロロホルム、酢酸エチルおよび水を用いてそれぞれの分画物に分離し、下記ACAT阻害活性を測定した。各分画物の一部を乾燥させて1mg/mLで試料を調製してACAT阻害活性を測定した結果、n−ヘキサン25%、クロロホルム89%、酢酸エチル55%、水15%であって、クロロホルム層で最も優れたACAT阻害活性を示した。前記クロロホルム層を減圧濃縮し(157.7g)、n−ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=(50/1〜0/100)からなる段階濃度勾配溶媒システムを用いてシリカゲルのカラムクロマトグラフィーによって活性分画を分離した。前記分離された活性分画のACAT阻害活性を測定し、その中でも最も阻害活性の高い分画を集め、溶出溶媒として50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、100%のメタノールを用いて逆相カラムクロマトグラフィー(reversed-phase column chromatography)(ODSゲル)で活性分画を分離した。前記分離された活性分画のACAT阻害活性を測定し、その中でも最も阻害活性の高い4番目および5番目の分画を75%よび80%のメタノールを用いてそれぞれ6mL/分、8mL/分で流しながら低圧液体クロマトグラフィー(LKB)で分離した。それらの中でも、ACAT阻害活性の高い4番目の3番分画と5番目の2、4番分画は75%および80%のメタノールを用いてそれぞれ4mL/分、6mL/分および4mL/分で流しながら、高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC、YMC Jsphere ODS H−80(250×20mm))を行ってそれぞれ1種および4種の純粋化合物(mg)を得た。活性物質の検出はUV254nmおよび210nmで行い、ACAT阻害活性物質は4番目の3番分画では35分、5番目の2番分画では31分、4番分画ではそれぞれ43、45、53分に溶出された。
胡椒から分離した化合物1〜5の理化学的特性は次の通りである。
(1)物質の性状:白色の粉末状
(2)物質の分子式および分子量:C20H25NO3、327
(3)電子衝撃質量分析(70eV):m/z(rel.int)=360[M+Na]+
(4)水素核磁気共鳴スペクトル[300MHz、クロロホルム−d3、δ(ppm)]:7.19 (1H, dd, J=15, 15.3 Hz, H-3), 6.87 (1H, br s, H-2'), 6.73 (1H, m, H-5' and 6'), 6.30 (1H, d, J=15.3 Hz, H-9), 6.17 (1H, dd, J=9.9, 15.3 Hz, H-4), 6.10 (1H, m, H-5), 5.98 (1H, m, H-8), 5.93 (2H, s, H-7'), 5.77 (1H, d, J=14.7 Hz, H-2), 5.59 (NH, br s), 3.16 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz, H-1"), 2.30 (4H, m, H-6 and 7), 1.79 (1H, m, H-2"), 0.93 and 0.91 (3H, s, H-3" and 4")
(5)炭素核磁気共鳴スペクトル[75MHz、クロロホルム−d3、δ(ppm)]:20.10 (q, C-3" and 4"), 28.59 (d, C-2"), 32.15 (t, C-7), 32.81 (t, C-6), 46.90 (t, C-2"), 100.92 (t, C-7'), 105.39 (d, C-2'), 108.20 (d, C-5'), 120.36 (d, C-6'), 122.23 (d, C-2), 127.66 (d, C-8), 128.77 (d, C-4), 130.15 (d, C-9), 132.04 (s, C-1'), 140.94 (d, C-3), 141.69 (d, C-5), 146.71 (s, C-3'), 147.91 (s, C-4'), 166.27 (s, C-1)
化合物2
(1)物質の性状:白色の粉末状
(2)物質の分子式および分子量:C22H29NO3、355
(3)電子衝撃質量分析(70eV):m/z(rel.int)=354[M−H]+
(4)水素核磁気共鳴スペクトル[300MHz、クロロホルム−d3、δ(ppm)]:7.19 (1H, dd, J=14.4, 14.7 Hz, H-3), 6.88 (1H, br s, H-2'), 6.74 (1H, m, H-5'), 6.73 (1H, br s, H-6'), 6.28 (1H, d, J=15.6 Hz, H-11), 6.13 (1H, dd, J=15.3, 15.3 Hz, H-4), 6.05 (1H, d, J=15 Hz, H-5), 6.02 (1H, d, J=15.9 Hz, H-10), 5.92 (2H, s, H-7'), 5.75 (1H, d, J=15.3 Hz, H-2), 5.56 (NH, br s), 3.16 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz, H-1"), 2.17 (4H, m, H-6 and 9), 1.79 (1H, m, H-2"), 1.46 (4H, m, H-7 and 8),0.93 and 0.91 (3H, s, H-3" and 4")
(5)炭素核磁気共鳴スペクトル[75MHz、クロロホルム−d3、δ(ppm)]:20.09 (q, C-3" and 4"), 28.27 (t, C-7), 28.60 (d, C-2"),28.90 (t, C-8), 32.64 (t, C-9), 32.75 (t, C-6), 46.89 (t, C-1"), 100.88 (t, C-7'), 105.35 (d, C-2'), 108.18 (d, C-5'), 120.20 (d, C-6'), 121.89 (d, C-2), 128.38 (d, C-4), 128.92 (d, C-10), 129.52 (d, C-11), 132.32 (s, C-1'), 141.12 (d, C-3), 142.69 (d, C-5), 146.55 (s, C-4'), 147.90 (s, C-3'), 166.31 (s, C-1)
化合物3
(1)物質の性状:無色のオイル状
(2)物質の分子式および分子量:C21H29NO3、343
(3)電子衝撃質量分析(70eV):m/z(rel.int)=366[M+Na]+
(4)水素核磁気共鳴スペクトル[300MHz、クロロホルム−d3、δ(ppm)]:6.88 (1H, br s, H-2'), 6.74 (1H, m, H-5'), 6.73 (1H, br s, H-6'), 6.27 (1H, d, J=15.3 Hz, H-9), 6.03 (1H, dt, J=15.9, 6.9 Hz, H-8), 5.92 (2H, s, H-7'), 5.75 (1H, d, J=15.3 Hz, H-2), 3.54 (2H, t, J=5.4 Hz, H-1"), 3.38 (2H, t, J=5.5 Hz, H-5"), 2.30 (2H, t, J=7.5 Hz, H-2), 2.16 (2H, q, J=6.6 Hz, H-7), 1.61 (4H, m, H-2" and 4"), 1.54 (4H, m, H-4 and 3"), 1.45 (2H, m, H-6), 1.35 (4H, m, H-3 and 5)
(5)炭素核磁気共鳴スペクトル[75MHz、クロロホルム−d3、δ(ppm)]:24.57 (t, C-3"), 25.37 (t, C-4"), 25.56 (t, C-4), 26.55 (t, C-2), 28.95 (t, C-5), 29.24 (t, C-6), 29.34 (t, C-3), 32.80 (t, C-7), 33.39 (t, C-2), 42.54 (t, C-1"), 46.67 (t, C-5"), 100.85 (t, C-7'), 105.34 (d, C-2'), 108.15 (d, C-5'), 120.14 (d, C-6'), 129.27 (d, C-8), 129.30 (d, C-9), 132.42 (s, C-1'), 146.48 (s, C-3'), 147.87 (s, C-4'), 171.37 (s, C-1)
化合物4
(1)物質の性状:白色の粉末状
(2)物質の分子式および分子量:C22H31NO3、357
(3)電子衝撃質量分析(70eV):m/z(rel.int)=380[M+Na]+
(4)水素核磁気共鳴スペクトル[300MHz、クロロホルム−d3、δ(ppm)]:6.89 (1H, br s, H-2'), 6.83 (1H, dt, J=15.3, 7.5 Hz, H-3), 6.75 (1H, m, H-5'), 6.74 (1H, br s, H-6'), 6.28 (1H, d, J=15.9 Hz, H-11), 6.03 (1H, dt, J=15.3, 7.5 Hz, H-10), 5.93 (2H, s, H-7'), 5.75 (1H, d, J=15.3 Hz, H-2), 5.43 (NH, br s), 3.14 (2H, t, J=6 Hz, H-1"), 2.17 (4H, m, H-4 and H-9), 1.80 (1H, m, H-2"), 1.44 (4H, m, H-5 and H-8), 1.33 (4H, m, H-6 and H-7), 0.93 and 0.91 (3H, s, H-3" and H-4")
(5)炭素核磁気共鳴スペクトル[75MHz、クロロホルム−d3、δ(ppm)]:20.11 (q, C-3" and 4"), 28.19 (t, C-5), 28.59 (d, C-2"), 28.93 (t, C-6), 29.02 (t, C-7), 29.30 (t, C-8), 31.97 (t, C-4), 32.84 (t, C-9), 46.81 (t, C-1"), 100.89 (t, C-7'), 105.37 (d, C-2'), 108.20 (d, C-5'), 120.18 (d, C-6'), 123.60 (d, C-2), 129.32 (d, C-10 and C-11), 132.45 (s, C-1'), 144.69 (d, C-3), 146.53(s, C-4'), 147.91(s, C-3'), 166.06(s, C-1)
化合物5
(1)物質の性状:黄色の粉末状
(2)物質の分子式および分子量:C14H25NO、223
(3)電子衝撃質量分析(70eV):m/z(rel.int)=222[M−H]+
(4)水素核磁気共鳴スペクトル[300MHz、クロロホルム−d3、δ(ppm)]:7.17 (1H, dd, J=14.7, 14.7 Hz, H-3), 6.08 (1H, m, H-4 and H-5), 5.76 (1H, d, J=14.7 Hz, H-2), 5.67 (NH, br s), 3.15 (2H, t, J=6.6 Hz, H-1"), 2.13 (2H, m, H-6), 1.88 (1H, m, H-2"), 1.40 (2H, m, H-7), 1.29 (4H, m, H-8 and H-9), 0.92 and 0.90 (3H, s, H-3" and H-4"), 0.87 (3H, s, H-10)
(5)炭素核磁気共鳴スペクトル[75MHz、クロロホルム−d3、δ(ppm)]:13.96 (q, C-10), 20.09 (q, C-3' and C-4'), 22.43 (t, C-9), 28.44 (t, C-7), 28.59 (d, C-2'), 31.32 (t, C-8), 32.87 (t, C-6), 46.89 (t, C-1'), 121.76 (t, C-2), 128.18 (t, C-4), 141.19 (d, C-3), 143.10 (d, C-5), 166.40 (s, C-1)
完全に分離および精製された化合物1は、無色の結晶性粉末であって、分子量を測定した結果、[M+Na]+がm/z350であり、高分解FAB−MSで分子式がC20H25NO3と推定された。化合物の紫外線吸光度を測定した結果、最大吸収値が260nmで現われ、shoulder吸収が295〜305nmで現われたので、化合物の構造中に、コンジュゲートされたジエンアミド(dienamide)が存在するものと推定された。化合物の構造を決定するためのNMR試験中に、1H−NMRスペクトルでは1つのメチレンジオキシプロトン(methylenedioxy proton)(5.93、s)が観察され、δ5.7〜7.3の間で9つのオレフィンプロトンが観察された。一方、δ5.59では−NH−のプロトン(br s)が観察され、δ2.30では2つのメチレンプロトンが観察された。また、δ3.15では−NH−に結合するメチレンプロトン、δ1.79ではメチンプロトン、δ0.93とδ0.91ではメチルプロトンが観察された。これらのプロトンからイソブチル基の存在を推定することができた(図1、図2および図3)。前記測定結果は、アミド結合を構造中に含むractamideRetrof Aの構造と非常に類似なので、発表された文献(Park, I. K., Lee, S. G., Shin, S. C., Park, J. D. and Ahn, Y. J. 2002. Larvicidal activity of isobutylamides identified in Piper nigrum fruits against three mosquito species: J Agric Food Chem 50, 1866-1870)のデータと比較分析した結果、化合物1の化合物はractamideRetrof Aと判明された。
製造源としては、白いマウス(Male Sprague−Dawley rats 250〜300g)の肝を分離してミクロソームバッファA(0.25M スクロース、1mM EDTA、0.01M Tris−HCl、pH7.4)で洗浄し、ハサミで適当に細切し、テフロン(登録商標)−ガラスホモジナイザー(teflon-glass homogenizer)で均質化した。均質液を14,000×gで15分間遠心分離して上澄み液を集め、この上澄み液を再び100,000×gで1時間遠心分離した。ACATの含まれたミクロソーム分離のために遠心分離した沈殿物をミクロソームバッファB(0.25Mスクロース、0.01M Tris−HCl、pH7.4)を加えて100,000×gで1時間再び遠心分離した。試験の際に酵素源のタンパク質濃度の均一化のために、遠心分離された沈殿物にミクロソームバッファBを適当に加えて溶解させ、タンパク質標準物質としてBSA(bovine serum albumin)を用いてLowry方法によってタンパク質濃度を決定した。その後、酵素源はミクロソームバッファBで希釈してタンパク質濃度を10mg/mLに調整し、1mLバイアルに分注して−70℃で保管しながら試験に使用した。
ACAT酵素活性の測定には、[1−14C]オレオイル−CoAを基質としてKim等の方法を一部修正して使用した[Kim Y. K, H. W. Lee, K. H Son, B. M Kwon, T. S Jeong, D. H. Lee, J. H. Shin, Y. W. Seo, S. U. Kim, and S. H. Bok 1996. GERI-BP002-A, Novel inhibitors of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase produced by Aspergillus fumigatus F93: J. Antibiotics 49:31-36]。反応溶液としては10.0μLの試料液、4.0μLのマウスの肝組織のミクロソーム酵素、20.0μLの反応緩衝液[0.5M KH2PO4、10mM DTT、pH7.4]、濃度40mg/mLの牛血清アルブミン15.0μL、濃度20mg/mLのコレステロール2.0μL、蒸留水41.0μLを加えて37℃で20分間予備反応させ、この酵素反応液に[1−14C]オレオイル−CoA(0.05μCi、最終濃度10μM)8.0μLを添加して酵素本反応のために37℃で25分間反応させた後、イソプロパノール−ヘプタン(4:1;v/v)1mLを加えて酵素反応を停止させ、ヘプタン0.6mLと5倍で希釈したアッセイバッファ0.4mLを添加した後、有機溶媒の分離が容易であるように遠心分離を行った。酵素活性の測定は、遠心分離して得た上澄み液100μLにリポルマシンチレーションカクテル(Lipoluma scintillation cocktail)3mLを加えた後、よく混ぜてリキッドシンチレーションカウンタ(liquid scintillation counter)を用いて放射能を測定した。
ACAT阻害度は、放射能で標識した基質と酵素に検索試料を入れて反応された生成物の量を放射能測定装置を用いて測定し、下記数式1で活性阻害度を計算した。
ピパーサイド(pipercide)−1g
ラクトース−7g
結晶性セルロース−1.5g
ステアリン酸マグネシウム−0.5g
総量−10g
前記羅列した成分をよく混合した後、直打法(direct tableting method)によって錠剤を製造した。各錠剤の総量は100mgであり、その中の有効成分の含量は10mgである。
ピパーサイド−1g
トウモロコシ澱粉−5g
カルボキシセルロース−4g
総量−10g
前記羅列した成分をよく混合して粉末を製造した。硬質カプセルに粉末100mgを入れてカプセル剤を製造した。
上述したように、ractamideRetrof A、pipercide、piperrolein B、piperchabamide Dおよびpellitorineよりなる群から選ばれる化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩は、優れたアシルCoA:コレステロールアシルトランスフェラーゼ(ACAT)を効果的に阻害するので、例えば高脂血症や動脈硬化などの血管疾患の予防および治療に効果的に利用できる。
Claims (20)
- 胡椒抽出物またはその非極性有機溶媒分画物を含む、アシル−CoA:コレステロールアシルトランスフェラーゼ阻害活性を有する組成物。
- 胡椒抽出物が、胡椒を水、有機溶媒またはこれらの混合溶媒を用いて抽出したものである、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記有機溶媒が、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、ブタノール、エチレン、アセトン、ヘキサン、エーテル、クロロホルム、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、ジクロロメタン、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)、ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)、1,3−ブチレングリコール、プロピレングリコールまたはこれらの混合溶媒である、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記有機溶媒が、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパタノール、ブタノールまたはこれらの混合物である、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- 非極性有機溶媒分画物が、胡椒抽出物をヘキサン、エーテル、ジクロロメタン、クロロホルム、酢酸エチルまたはこれらの混合溶媒で分画したものである、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 胡椒を水、有機溶媒またはこれらの混合溶媒を用いて冷浸または加温抽出して抽出物を得ることを含む、アシル−CoA:コレステロールアシルトランスフェラーゼ活性を有する胡椒抽出物の製造方法。
- 得られた抽出物を、ヘキサン、エーテル、ジクロロメタン、クロロホルム、酢酸エチルまたはこれらの混合溶媒を用いて分画したことをさらに含む、請求項6に記載の胡椒抽出物の製造方法。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか1項の組成物を含む、血管疾患またはアルツハイマー疾患の予防または治療用組成物。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか1項の組成物を含む、健康食品組成物。
- 血管疾患の予防または治療に用いられる、請求項10に記載の組成物。
- 血管疾患が心臓血管疾患または抹消血管疾患である、請求項11に記載の組成物。
- 心臓血管疾患または抹消血管疾患が高コレステロール血症(hypercholesterolemia)、高脂血症(hyperlipidemia)、アテローム性動脈硬化症(atherosclerosis)、動脈硬化症(arteriosclerosis)、冠状動脈硬化症(coronary arteriosclerosis)、または大動脈瘤(aortic aneurysm)である、請求項12に記載の組成物。
- アルツハイマー疾患の予防または治療に用いられる、請求項10に記載の組成物。
- a)胡椒を水、有機溶媒またはこれらの混合溶媒で抽出して抽出物を得る段階と、
b)得られた抽出物から水または非極性有機溶媒を用いて分画物を得る段階と、
c)前記分画物を分離および精製する段階を含む、胡椒から請求項10に記載の化学式1〜5で表される化合物の少なくとも一つを分離する方法。 - 段階a)の有機溶媒がメタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、ブタノール、エチレン、アセトン、ヘキサン、エーテル、クロロホルム、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、ジクロロメタン、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)、ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)、1,3−ブチレングリコール、プロピレングリコールまたはこれらの混合溶媒である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記有機溶媒がメタノール、エタノール、イソプロパタノール、ブタノールまたはこれらの混合物である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 段階b)の非極性有機溶媒がヘキサン、エーテル、ジクロロメタン、クロロホルム、酢酸エチルまたはこれらの混合溶媒である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記非極性有機溶媒がクロロホルムまたは酢酸エチルである、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 段階c)の分離および精製はクロマトグラフィー過程を含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
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WO2004041295A1 (en) * | 2002-10-29 | 2004-05-21 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | New alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from a natural source |
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KR20030075774A (ko) * | 2002-03-20 | 2003-09-26 | 대한민국(관리부서:산림청 임업연구원) | 후추 추출물을 유효성분으로 하는 살충 및 살균성 조성물 |
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