JP2009150646A - 天然ガスを液化するための装置及びこれと関連した方法 - Google Patents
天然ガスを液化するための装置及びこれと関連した方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009150646A JP2009150646A JP2009009938A JP2009009938A JP2009150646A JP 2009150646 A JP2009150646 A JP 2009150646A JP 2009009938 A JP2009009938 A JP 2009009938A JP 2009009938 A JP2009009938 A JP 2009009938A JP 2009150646 A JP2009150646 A JP 2009150646A
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- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- stream
- flow
- liquefaction plant
- cooling
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 155
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
- F25J2220/68—Separating water or hydrates
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/60—Expansion by ejector or injector, e.g. "Gasstrahlpumpe", "venturi mixing", "jet pumps"
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/90—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being boil-off gas from storage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/44—Particular materials used, e.g. copper, steel or alloys thereof or surface treatments used, e.g. enhanced surface
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
【解決手段】 液化プラントは、天然ガスパイプライン等の未浄化天然ガス源に減圧ステーションのところで連結されていてもよい。ガスの一部を引き出してプロセス流(154)及び冷却流(152)に分ける。冷却流(152)はターボ膨張器(156)を通過し、仕事出力を発生する。この仕事出力でコンプレッサー(158)を駆動し、プロセス流を圧縮する。圧縮されたプロセス流は、膨張させた冷却流等によって冷却される。冷却された圧縮されたプロセスを第1部分及び第2部分に分ける。第1部分を膨張させ、天然ガスを液化する。ガス−液体セパレーターが液体天然ガスから蒸気を分離する。冷却された圧縮されたプロセスの第2部分もまた膨張され、圧縮されたプロセス流の冷却に使用される。水除去サイクル及び二酸化炭素除去サイクルを含む追加の特徴及び技術を液化プロセスに組み込んでもよい。
【選択図】 図2
Description
次に図4乃至図15を参照し、液化プラント102’’で実施されるプロセスの一例を説明する。図14は、図4と同じ(図3の追加の構成要素−例えばコンプレッサー154及び膨張器156、等を組み合わせた)プロセスフローダイヤグラムであるが、明瞭化を図るために構成要素の参照番号が省略してあるということに着目されたい。上文中に図4を参照して一般的プロセスを説明したが、以下の例は、本明細書中において状態点と呼ぶ、プラントに亘る様々な位置での、プラント102’’の計算した作動設計によるガス/液体/スラリーの例示の状態を説明する。
102 天然ガス液化プラント
104 パイプライン
106 圧力レギュレータ
108 供給ガス
110 流量計
112 プラント入口
Claims (42)
- 液化プラントにおいて、
未純化天然ガス源に密封をなして流動学的に連結されるように形成されたプラント入口、
前記プラント入口を通して引き出した第1天然ガス流を受け取り、膨張させた冷却流を発生するように位置決めされており且つ形成されたターボ膨張器、
前記ターボ膨張器に機械的に連結されており、前記プラント入口を通して引き出した第2天然ガス流を受け取り、圧縮されたプロセス流を発生するコンプレッサー、
前記圧縮されたプロセス流及び前記膨張させた冷却流を向流をなして受け取り、前記圧縮されたプロセス流を冷却するように位置決めされており且つ形成された第1熱交換器、
未純化ガス源に密封をなして流動学的に連結され、前記膨張させた冷却流を前記熱交換器に通した後に排出するように位置決めされており且つ形成された第1プラント出口、
冷却した圧縮されたプロセス流の第1部分を受け入れて膨張し、追加の冷却流を形成するように位置決めされており且つ形成された第1膨張バルブ、及び、前記膨張させた冷却流が前記第1熱交換器に進入する前に前記追加の冷却流を前記膨張させた冷却流と組み合わせる導管構造、
前記冷却した圧縮されたプロセス流の第2部分を受け入れて膨張し、ガス−固体−液体混合物を形成するように位置決めされており且つ形成された第2膨張バルブ、
前記ガス−固体−液体混合物を受け入れるように位置決めされており且つ形成された第1ガス−液体セパレーター、及び
貯蔵ベッセルに密封をなして流動学的に連結されるように位置決めされており且つ形成された第2プラント出口を有し、前記第1ガス−液体セパレーターは内部に収容された液体を前記第2プラント出口に送出するように位置決めされており且つ形成されている、液化プラント。 - 請求項1に記載の液化プラントにおいて、前記第1ガス−液体セパレーターと前記第2プラント出口との間に作動的に連結された液体サイクロンを更に含む、液化プラント。
- 請求項2に記載の液化プラントにおいて、前記液体サイクロンに導入されるべき液体の状態を管理するため、前記液体サイクロンと前記第1ガス−液体セパレーターとの間に作動自在に連結されたポンプを更に含む、液化プラント。
- 請求項2に記載の液化プラントにおいて、前記液体サイクロンと前記第2プラント出口との間に配置された少なくとも一つのスクリーンフィルタを更に含む、液化プラント。
- 請求項4に記載の液化プラントにおいて、水を除去するように形成されたフィルタを更に含み、前記液体フィルタは、圧縮されたプロセス流の流路内に、前記第1熱交換器内の前記流路に沿った位置に配置されている、液化プラント。
- 請求項5に記載の液化プラントにおいて、圧縮されたプロセス流の流路内に前記液体フィルタと隣接して配置された第2ガス−液体セパレーターを更に含む、液化プラント。
- 請求項6に記載の液化プラントにおいて、前記第1熱交換器は、複数の耐蝕性プレートを含む、液化プラント。
- 請求項7に記載の液化プラントにおいて、前記冷却された圧縮されたプロセス流を受け取って通すように位置決めされており且つ形成された第2熱交換器を更に含む、液化プラント。
- 請求項8に記載の液化プラントにおいて、前記第2熱交換器は、耐蝕性タンク内で垂直方向に積み重ねられた複数の耐蝕性コイルを含む、液化プラント。
- 請求項9に記載の液化プラントにおいて、垂直方向に積み重ねられた複数の耐蝕性コイルのうちの少なくとも一つがステンレス鋼製である、液化プラント。
- 請求項10に記載の液化プラントにおいて、前記耐蝕性タンクはステンレス鋼製である、液化プラント。
- 請求項9に記載の液化プラントにおいて、前記第2熱交換器は、垂直方向に積み重ねられた複数の耐蝕性コイルのうちの少なくとも一つ内に位置決めされた少なくとも一つの最内スプラッシュジャケットを含む、液化プラント。
- 請求項12に記載の液化プラントにおいて、少なくとも一つの最内スプラッシュジャケットはステンレス鋼製である、液化プラント。
- 請求項9に記載の液化プラントにおいて、前記第2熱交換器は、垂直方向に積み重ねられた耐蝕性コイルのうちの少なくとも一つと耐蝕性タンクとの間に位置決めされた少なくとも一つの最外スプラッシュジャケットを含む、液化プラント。
- 請求項14に記載の液化プラントにおいて、前記少なくとも一つの最外スプラッシュジャケットはステンレス鋼製である、液化プラント。
- 請求項9に記載の液化プラントにおいて、支持構造を更に含み、前記ターボ膨張器、前記コンプレッサー、前記第1熱交換器、前記第2熱交換器、前記液体サイクロン、前記少なくとも一つのスクリーンフィルタ、前記液体フィルタ、前記第1ガス−液体セパレーター、及び前記第2ガス−液体セパレーターの各々が前記支持構造上に支持されている、液化プラント。
- 請求項9に記載の液化プラントにおいて、前記支持構造は、幅が約2.438m(約8フィート)であり、長さが約9.144m(約30フィート)である、液化プラント。
- 請求項17に記載の液化プラントにおいて、前記支持構造に取り付けられた骨組みを更に含み、この骨組みは、前記液化プラントの外容積周囲を実質的に画成する、液化プラント。
- 請求項18に記載の液化プラントにおいて、前記骨組みの通常の高さは、約5.1816m(約17フィート)である、液化プラント。
- 請求項19に記載の液化プラントにおいて、前記骨組みは、少なくとも一つの第1部分及び取り外し自在の第2部分を含み、前記取り外し自在の第2部分は、前記骨組みの最大高さを小さくするために取り外される、液化プラント。
- 請求項18に記載の液化プラントにおいて、前記骨組みに取り付けられた少なくとも一つの断熱壁を更に含み、前記ターボ膨張器及び前記コンプレッサーが前記少なくとも一つの断熱壁の第1側に配置され、前記第1熱交換器及び前記第2熱交換器が前記少なくとも一つの断熱壁の反対側の第2側に位置決めされる、液化プラント。
- 請求項21に記載の液化プラントにおいて、前記プラントは、実質的に無傷のユニットをなして輸送できるように形成されている、液化プラント。
- 請求項18に記載の液化プラントにおいて、前記プラントの遠隔監視及び操作を容易にするように形成された制御ユニットを更に含む、液化プラント。
- 請求項16に記載の液化プラントにおいて、個々に断熱された構成要素相互接続配管を更に含む、液化プラント。
- 請求項24に記載の液化プラントにおいて、前記ターボ膨張器、前記コンプレッサー、前記第1熱交換器、前記第2熱交換器のうちの少なくとも一つが個々に断熱されている、液化プラント。
- 液体天然ガスの製造方法において、
未純化天然ガス源を提供する工程、天然ガスの一部を前記源から流す工程、天然ガスの部分をプロセス流及び第1冷却流に分割する工程、ターボ膨張器を通して前記第1冷却流を流す工程、及びこれにより仕事出力を発生する工程、
前記ターボ膨張器の仕事出力でコンプレッサーに動力を提供する工程、前記コンプレッサーを通して前記プロセス流を流す工程、圧縮されたプロセス流を少なくとも前記膨張させた冷却流で冷却する工程、
冷却された圧縮されたプロセス流を製品流及び第2冷却流に分割する工程、
前記第2冷却流を膨張し、膨張させた第2冷却流を膨張させた第1冷却流と組み合わせる工程、
前記製品流を膨張し、液体、蒸気、及び固体を含む混合物を形成する工程、
液体及び固体を蒸気から分離する工程、及び
液体の少なくとも一部を固体から分離する工程を含む、方法。 - 請求項26に記載の方法において、前記液体の少なくとも一部を前記固体から分離する前記工程は、前記固体及び液体に遠心力を加える工程を含む、方法。
- 請求項27に記載の方法において、前記工程及び前記液体の少なくとも別の部分を前記膨張させた第1冷却流及び前記膨張させた第2冷却流と組み合わせる工程を更に含む、方法。
- 請求項28に記載の方法において、組み合わせ冷却流を未純化天然ガス源に排出して戻す工程を更に含む、方法。
- 熱交換器において、
タンク、
前記タンク内に配置された少なくとも二つのコイル、
少なくとも二つのコイルのうちの少なくとも一方を通して第1流を入れるように形成された少なくとも一つのコイル入口、
前記第1流をコイルから出すように形成された複数のコイル出口、
タンクを通して第2流を流すように形成された少なくとも二つのタンク入口であって、これらの少なくとも二つのタンク入口の各々が、少なくとも二つのコイルの対応するコイルと近接して位置決めされ、第2流を、少なくとも夫々のタンク入口が近接して位置決めされた前記コイル上に流す、少なくとも二つのタンク入口、及び
前記タンクから第2流を取り出すように形成されたタンク出口であって、前記熱交換器は、前記第1流が選択的に流されるコイル上に前記第2流を実質的に同時に流すことができるように、前記少なくとも二つのコイルのうちの所望数を通して前記第1流を選択的に流すことができる、タンク出口を含む、熱交換器。 - 請求項30に記載の熱交換器において、前記少なくとも二つのコイルのうちの一方のコイルだけを通して前記第1流を選択的に流し、これと実質的に同時に、前記少なくとも二つのコイルのうちの一方のコイル上にだけ前記第2流を選択的に流すように形成されている、熱交換器。
- 請求項30に記載の熱交換器において、前記タンクは圧力ベッセルとして形成されている、熱交換器。
- 請求項30に記載の熱交換器において、前記タンクはステンレス鋼製である、熱交換器。
- 請求項30に記載の熱交換器において、前記少なくとも二つのコイルはステンレス鋼製である、熱交換器。
- 請求項30に記載の熱交換器において、前記第1流の流路内に位置決めされた少なくとも一つの分流器を更に含み、この分流器は、所望数のコイルのうちのいずれのコイルに前記第1流を流すのかを決定するのを補助する、熱交換器。
- 請求項35に記載の熱交換器において、前記少なくとも一つの分流器は少なくとも一つのプラグを含む、熱交換器。
- 請求項36に記載の熱交換器において、前記少なくとも一つのプラグは、一組の第1外ねじを持つ本体及び設置工具と協働するように形成されたキー付きヘッドを含む、熱交換器。
- 請求項36に記載の熱交換器において、前記少なくとも一つのプラグは、前記キーヘッドに形成された一組の内ねじを更に含む、熱交換器。
- 請求項35に記載の熱交換器において、前記少なくとも一つの分流器はバルブを含む、熱交換器。
- 請求項35に記載の熱交換器において、前記少なくとも一つの分流器は盲フランジを含む、熱交換器。
- 請求項30に記載の熱交換器において、前記少なくとも二つのコイルは三つのコイルを含む、熱交換器。
- 熱交換器において、
複数のタンク入口及び少なくとも一つのタンク出口を持つタンク、
前記タンク内に配置された互いに直列に連結された少なくとも二つの冷却コイルを有し、第1流を前記少なくとも二つのコイルのうちの一つ又はそれ以上を通して選択的に流すことができるように形成されており、前記複数のタンク入口のうちの少なくとも一つが前記少なくとも二つの冷却コイルの各々と関連しており、第2流を前記第1流の前記選択的流れと対応して一つ又はそれ以上のタンク入口を通して選択的に流すことができるように形成されている、熱交換器。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/086,066 US6581409B2 (en) | 2001-05-04 | 2002-02-27 | Apparatus for the liquefaction of natural gas and methods related to same |
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