CN101975335B - 液化天然气汽车加气站蒸发气体的再液化装置 - Google Patents

液化天然气汽车加气站蒸发气体的再液化装置 Download PDF

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CN101975335B
CN101975335B CN2010102907922A CN201010290792A CN101975335B CN 101975335 B CN101975335 B CN 101975335B CN 2010102907922 A CN2010102907922 A CN 2010102907922A CN 201010290792 A CN201010290792 A CN 201010290792A CN 101975335 B CN101975335 B CN 101975335B
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鲁雪生
顾安忠
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract

液化天然气汽车加气站蒸发气体的再液化装置属于低温液化气体储运技术领域。包括：加气站储罐，压缩机、冷却器，热交换器，节流阀，气液分离器，膨胀机，潜液式低温泵。本发明将需要液化的BOG作制冷剂，采用单级压缩，单级膨胀加节流的制冷方法，使BOG达到液化的目的。当系统压力达到设计的控制值时，再液化装置自动启动，把系统内多余的BOG液化一部分，使系统内的温度和压力下降，当系统压力降低到要求值时，再液化装置自动停机。本发明通过BOG的再液化，可解决LNG加气站的BOG放空问题。减少BOG放空带来的安全隐患，对保护环境和减少资源浪费均具有显著的社会效益和经济效益。

Description

液化天然气汽车加气站蒸发气体的再液化装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种液化大然气(LNG)蒸发气体(BOG)的再液化装置，特别足一种用于液化天然气汽车加气站蒸发气体的再液化装置。该发明也可用于其它类型的LNG储存设施的BOG再液化，属于低温液化气体储运技术领域。
背景技术
LNG作为一种清洁燃料，是汽车最理想的替代燃料之一，在公交汽车和重型车辆上应用，经济和社会效益均十分显著。LNG是天然气经过净化后冷却到露点温度而形成的低温液体，便于储存和运输。LNG用作汽车燃料时，储存于加气站的低温储罐内，可随时为需要补充燃料的车辆加注。
LNG在常压下的温度约-163℃，属于低温液体，温度远低于环境温度。在环境条件的加热作用下，储罐内的LNG将会缓慢地汽化，以一定的速率产生BOG，BOG的数量与储罐的绝热性能有关。另外，LNG加气站运行时，加注系统中的低温泵、流量计、阀件及管路系统，需要用LNG预先冷却，只有系统所有设备温度与LNG温度相当以后，才能正常加注LNG。预冷期间也会产生大量的BOG。这些BOG返回到低温储罐的气相空间，随着时间的推移，BOG数量的累积，会使整个LNG系统内的温度和压力上升。
通常情况下，加气站的BOG处理方式有2种：一是如果附近有合适的天然气管网，BOG可连接到管网系统，当压力达到安全泄放的控制压力时，泄压装置开启，把多余的气体泄放进入管网系统。如果附近没有合适的天然气管网，就要采用放空泄压方式将多余的BOG泄放到大气中，以保证系统的安全。
BOG的放空泄压，首先是给加气站带来了经济上的直接损失。其次，天然气作为一种易燃易爆气体，BOG放空会对LNG加气站周边环境造成一定的安全隐患，LNG产生的BOG属于温室气体，其温室效应大约是二氧化碳的20倍。因此，BOG泄放到环境中，也不利于环境保护。
本发明设计的再液化装置，对LNG汽车加气站产生的BOG进行再液化。在已有技术中，传统的天然气液化是采用低温液化的方法，产生低温的方法有复叠式、多级膨胀和混合制冷剂循环等制冷方式，系统比较复杂。而且都是大规模的生产，对于加气站规模的BOG液化，目前尚无相应的装置。
发明内容
为了克服已有技术的不足和缺陷，本发明设计了一种液化天然气汽车加气站蒸发气体的再液化装置。利用BOG压力较高的特点，将需要液化的BOG作制冷剂，提出了一种单级压缩，单级膨胀加节流的制冷方法，使BOG达到液化的目的。当系统压力达到设计的控制值时，再液化装置自动启动，把系统内多余的BOG液化一部分，使系统内的温度和压力下降，当系统压力降低到要求值时，再液化装置自动停机。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：本发明包括加气站储罐、压缩机、冷却器、热交换器、节流阀、气液分离器、膨胀机、潜液式低温泵、泄压阀。加气站储罐为圆柱形双层壳体结构的低温储罐，是加气站储存LNG的主体设备。单个储罐储存能力通常在(30～50)m3，加气站LNG储存可以采用单储罐、双储罐或多储罐。储罐内既储存LNG，也储存BOG，BOG处于LNG的液面之上。加气站储罐上方气相出口分别与泄压阀和压缩机进口相连，泄压阀与大气相通。压缩机的出口与冷却器热流体回路的进口相连，冷却器热流体回路的出口分别与热交换器热流体回路进口和膨胀机7进口连接。冷却器的冷流体为水或空气。热交换器的热流体回路出口通过节流阀与气液分离器上方气相进口相连，气液分离器的气相出口通过热交换器的冷流体回路与压缩机的进口连接。膨胀机的出口与热交换器冷流体回路进口连接。气液分离器下方的液相出口与潜液式低温泵进口连接，潜液式低温泵液相出口分别与加气站储罐的液相进口或加气机进口连接，潜液式低温泵气相出口与压缩机的进口连接。
当系统压力达到0.8MPa时，再液化装置启动。储罐内的BOG被压缩机吸入，压缩至4.0MPa。被压缩后的BOG进入冷却器冷却，用水或空气冷却到常温。从冷却器出来的BOG分为路，一部分进入热交换器继续冷却降温，达到比较低的温度。另一部分进入膨胀机进行等熵膨胀，温度下降，降温后的气体返回热交换器，作为热交换器的冷流体，和BOG进行热交换。
在热交换器内被冷却到较低温度的BOG经过节流阀，进行节流膨胀，节流膨胀后的BOG温度进一步降低，部分被液化变为LNG，然后进入气液分离器。未被液化的BOG也是温度与LNG接近的气体。这部分气体和膨胀机出来的BOG汇合，进入热交换器作为冷流体，冷却将要节流的BOG。而自身的温度逐步回升，最后返回到压缩机的进口，和加气站储罐内过来的BOG混合，重新进入压缩循环。经节流膨胀后产生的LNG，储存于气液分离器内，这部分LNG通过管路连接至潜液式低温泵，由潜液式低温泵把再液化形成的LNG输送到加气站储罐内或直接加注给液化天然气汽车。
本发明的有益效果：目前，国内、外尚无采用该装置的LNG加气站，本发明通过BOG的再液化，可解决LNG加气站的BOG放空问题。减少BOG放空带来的安全隐患，对保护环境和减少资源浪费均具有显著的社会效益和经济效益。
附图说明
图1是本发明装置的结构示意图
图中1-加气站储罐  2-压缩机  3-冷却器  4-热交换器  5-节流阀  6-气液分离器7-膨胀机  8-潜液式低温泵  9-泄压阀
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施作进一步描述
如图1所示，本发明包括加气站储罐1、压缩机2、冷却器3、热交换器4、节流阀5、气液分离器6、膨胀机7、潜液式低温泵8、泄压阀9。加气站储罐1为圆柱形双层壳体结构低温储罐，是加气站储存LNG的主体设备。单个储罐储存能力通常在(30～50)m3，加气站LNG储存可以采用单储罐、双储罐或多储罐。储罐内既储存LNG，也储存BOG，BOG处于LNG的液面之上。加气站储罐1上方气相出口分别与泄压阀9和压缩机2进口相连，泄压阀9与大气相通。压缩机2的出口与冷却器3热流体回路的进口相连，冷却器3热流体回路的出口分别与热交换器4热流体回路进口和膨胀机7进口连接。冷却器3的冷流体为水或空气。热交换器4的热流体回路出口通过节流阀5与气液分离器6上方气相进口相连，气液分离器6的气相出口通过热交换器4的冷流体回路与压缩机2的进口连接。膨胀机7的出口与热交换器4冷流体回路进口连接。气液分离器6下方的液相出口潜液式低温泵8进口连接，潜液式低温泵8液相出口分别与加气站储罐1的液相进口或加气机进口连接，潜液式低温泵8气相出口与压缩机2的进口连接。
当系统压力达到0.8MPa时，再液化装置启动。储罐内的BOG被压缩机2吸入，压缩至4.0MPa。被压缩后的BOG进入冷却器3冷却，用水或空气冷却到常温。从冷却器出来的BOG分为2路，一部分进入热交换器4继续冷却降温，达到比较低的温度。另一部分进入膨胀机7进行等熵膨胀，温度下降，降温后的气体返回热交换器4，作为热交换器4的冷流体和BOG进行热交换。在热交换器4内被冷却到较低温度的BOG经过节流阀5，进行节流膨胀，节流膨胀后的BOG温度进一步降低，然后进入气液分离器6，部分被液化变为LNG，未被液化的BOG是温度与LNG接近的气体。这部分气体和膨胀机出来的BOG汇合，进入热交换器4作为冷流体冷却将要节流的BOG。而自身的温度逐步回升，最后返回到压缩机2的进口，和加气站储罐1内过来的BOG混合，重新进入压缩循环。经节流膨胀后产生的LNG，储存于气液分离器6内，这部分LNG通过管路连接至潜液式低温泵8，由潜液式低温泵8把再液化形成的LNG输送到加气站储罐1内或直接加注给汽车。

Claims (1)

1.一种液化天然气汽车加气站蒸发气体的再液化装置，包括加气站储罐(1)，压缩机(2)、冷却器(3)，热交换器(4)，节流阀(5)，气液分离器(6)，膨胀机(7)，潜液式低温泵(8)，泄压阀(9)，其特征在于是采用单级压缩、单级膨胀加节流的制冷方式，加气站储罐(1)上方气相出口分别与泄压阀(9)和压缩机(2)进口相连，泄压阀(9)与大气相通，压缩机(2)的出口与冷却器(3)热流体回路的进口相连，冷却器(3)热流体回路的出口分别与热交换器(4)热流体回路进口和膨胀机(7)进口连接，冷却器(3)的冷流体为水或空气，热交换器(4)的热流体回路出口通过节流阀(5)与气液分离器(6)上方气相进口相连，气液分离器(6)的气相出口通过热交换器(4)的冷流体回路与压缩机(2)的进口连接，膨胀机(7)的出口与热交换器(4)冷流体回路进口连接，气液分离器(6)下方的液相出口与潜液式低温泵(8)进口连接，潜液式低温泵(8)液相出口分别与加气站储罐(1)的液相进口和加气机进口连接，潜液式低温泵(8)气相出口与压缩机(2)的进口连接。
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