JP2008526281A - 新規繊維不織布による短期創傷治癒方法 - Google Patents
新規繊維不織布による短期創傷治癒方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
創傷と接触することを目的としている不織布1、および
不透水性であり少なくとも一種類の水に不溶のポリマーを含む膜3であって、絆創膏であって創傷を取り巻く皮膚に付着する接着部位を含むか、または接着部位を含まず創傷を取り巻く皮膚に接着剤を適用した時にのみ創傷を取り巻く皮膚に付着する膜3
を有し、膜3と不織布1との間の結合が緩く容易に壊れるかまたは存在しない。
−本発明の多層ドレッシングの斜視図(図1);
−ダイプレートにおける穿孔ダイの略図(図2);
−ゴデットシステムと空調設備との斜視図(図3);
−SEMによる繊維表面への細胞の付着映像(図4)、ここで、図4Aおよび4Bは細胞なしの本発明による使用されるSiX4繊維を示し、図4Cおよび4Dは細胞有りのSiX4繊維およびその優れた接着および分配を示し、かつ図4Eおよび4Fはモルホロジーがコラーゲンマトリックスの荒い性質の結果としての難点だけが確かめられ得る細胞有りのコラーゲン繊維を示す;
−コラーゲン繊維およびPGA繊維と比較した本発明により使用されるSiX4繊維の寸法安定性および耐収縮性、ここで左側の列は、上から下へ、細胞培養開始前のコラーゲン繊維、PGA繊維および本発明によるSiX4繊維を示し、右側の列は、上から下へ、細胞培養開始4週間後のコラーゲン繊維、PGA繊維および本発明によるSiX4繊維を示す(図5);
−コラーゲン繊維、PGA繊維、本発明によるSiX4(SIX)繊維および比較用繊維なしで1、2および4週間培養した後のアラマーブルーアッセイ(Alamar blue assay)による蛍光として測定された細胞(皮膚繊維芽細胞)の代謝活性(図6)
を示す。
繊維の特定のジオメトリーおよびモルホロジーは全ての場合において、常套の生体吸収性材料(例えばポリグリコール酸(PGA)、アルギネートおよびコラーゲン)と比較して細胞の速い初期化および繊維表面への質的に良好な付着を可能にする(この改良を図4に示す)。創傷中に存在する繊維に沿う創傷の全ての領域における細胞の速く、確かな分配/新芽形成がそれにより保証される。細胞の繊維への付着から開始して、新規に形成された細胞の確かな分配は、繊維から遠く離れていても更に好ましい(キーワード:細胞化合物増殖)。本発明により使用される繊維のこの有利な特性を走査電子顕微鏡法(SEM)、組織学的および免疫組織学的研究および共焦点顕微鏡法により印象的に示すことが可能であった。
繊維の特定のジオメトリーおよびモルホロジーが常套の生分解性/生体吸収性材料と比較して、速い/早い開始、高速化/増加および細胞増殖の長い持続/保持 を可能にする。この特性は、細胞の速く質的に良好な細胞と繊維表面との付着を可能にする繊維の特性の利用に関して(1)の下で詳細に示した利点を助ける。細胞の参照パラメータとしてアラマーブルーアッセイにより測定される細胞の代謝活性は、1、2および4週間の短〜中期間後、常套の材料、例えばPGAおよびコラーゲンと比較して明らかに増加する。PGAまたはコラーゲンまたはSiX4(本発明による繊維)マトリックスの細胞の代謝活性比は1:5:11(1週間)、2.5:1:6(2週間)、および1.2:0.8:6(4週間)である。しかしながら最初(24時間後)はこの比はわずか1:4.5:4であった。これは本発明により使用される繊維がその利点を少なくとも1週間、より良好には4週間の長い時間の後にしか示さないことを示している。
SEM、細胞学的および巨視的研究の使用により確認可能になったように、本発明による繊維は、常套の生体吸収性材料と比較して三次元形状の長く続く保持および三次元繊維配置の遅延収縮を可能にする(繊維のジオメトリーおよびモルホロジーが実質的に保持される)。常套の材料、例えばPGAおよびコラーゲンはそれぞれ4週間にわたって4および6のファクターにより収縮し(ガラス状になる)、更に場合によっては更にその形状を失うが、本発明による繊維は形状および安定性をこの期間にわたって完全に維持し得る(この現象を図5に示す。)。このことは新しく形成される組織の確かな構造を可能にし、大きな創傷であっても栄養および代謝産物の充分な拡散を保証する。加えて、この目的に関して当業者に既知の寸法安定性が低い材料と異なり、新しい血管の形成を可能にし、促進する。このことは、当業者に既知の材料(例えばPGAまたはコラーゲン)と異なり、大きな創傷であっても新しい血管および組織の形成、および従ってそれらの治癒を本発明による材料により最初に可能にすることを意味する。これに関連して、重要な側面は、本発明による繊維の、特に皮膚の部分における、機械的安定をもたらす寸法安定性である。新しく形成される組織は本発明による多層ドレッシングの使用により十分に栄養を与えられ得る。この供給は拡散だけでなく開孔不織布において新しく形成される血管/組織を通じる栄養の直接輸送によっても行われる。寸法安定性に関連して、(1)および(2)に記述された有益な特性(細胞増殖、細胞付着)はつじつまが合う。以下の分析方法、走査電子顕微鏡法(SEM)、組織学、肉眼検査を使用することによりこれを示すことが見事に可能である。
繊維の特定のジオメトリーおよびモルホロジーが常套の生体吸収性バイオマテリアルと比較して長く続く細胞増殖の維持を可能にし、従って確かな組織構造/再生を達成する。細胞増殖および細胞の活性に関する参照パラメータとして再びアラマーブルーアッセイにより測定される細胞の代謝活性は、本発明により使用されるSiX4繊維で4週間後常套のバイオマテリアル、例えばPGAおよびコラーゲンと比較して明らかに優れている(コラーゲン:PGA:SiX4比は1:1.5:12である(図6)。)。
増殖細胞の内部は非増殖細胞の内部より非常に還元されている。特に、NADPH/NADP、FADH/FAD、FMNH/FMN、およびNADH/NAD比が増殖中大きい。これらの代謝中間体により還元される物質、例えばalamarBlueTMを使用して細胞の増殖を測定および記録し得る。alamarBlueTMの酸化還元電位は+380mV(pH7.0、25℃)である。従って、alamarBlueTMはNADPH(E0=−320mV)、FADH(E0=−220mV)、FMNH(E0=−210mV)、NADH(E0=−320mV)およびシトクロム(E0=290mV〜+80mV)により還元される。結果としてalamarBlueTMがこれらの物質から電子を受け取り得るので、alamarBlueTMは更にその酸化還元状態に従って色も変える(酸化インディゴブルー非蛍光性状態から還元蛍光性桃色状態へ)。従って増殖度合いを分光分析により、色測定によってでも蛍光測定によってでも追跡し得る(これに関連して、更に米国カリフォルニア州カマリロのBiosource Inc.のインターネットサイト、www.lucernachem.ch/downloads/biosource/alamarbluebooklet.pdf参照。)。
二つの異なる変更が不織布の好適な貯蔵に関して可能である。不織布を無菌かつ不透性パッケージ(例えばアルミニウム)中に入れて貯蔵するかまたは後の処理に送る。更に アルコールを染み込ませた貯蔵物、例えばコットンを無菌パッケージに導入して飽和アルコール雰囲気を維持することも可能である。これに代わる手段として、不織布を更に直接多層ドレッシング(以下および一例として図1に記述するような構造)に処理、例えば、不透水性または半透性付着膜(例えばポリウレタンまたはポリエステルシート)に接続する。この膜を以下に接着プラスター3または膜3として記述するが、膜/シートはそれ自体接着性である必要は全くない。
いわゆる別の膜2をここに記述される態様において接着膜/シート(他の態様において更に単に不透水性または半透性膜/シートであり得る)を有し、かつこの態様においてはドレッシング手段を示す不織布1(すなわち不織布1と膜/接着プラスター3との間)に適用して、上に存在する接着プラスター3/膜3が離されるかまたは替えられる場合に、不織布1を創傷4から外れないようにする。接着プラスター3/膜3は創傷が本発明による多層ドレッシングの使用により外部環境に対して確実にシールされることを保証する。ある態様において別の膜2は不織布1または膜3/接着プラスター3のどちらかにしっかりと接続されない。それにもかかわらず、膜3/接着プラスター3とのしっかりとした接続が存在し得る。これに関連する重大な要素は、膜3/接着プラスター3が除去される場合に不織布1と新しく形成される組織との一部も除去されないことである。水溶性ポリマー(不織布に付着しないポリマー)、好ましくはカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)からなる膜2の不織布1への取り付けを例えば水素結合により行う。これに関連してポリマーの選択は重大ではない(水溶性コラーゲンまたは繊維ゲルを更にここで用いてもよい)。なぜなら膜2は単に接着プラスター3の接着膜/シートが不織布1に接着しないことを保証するだけだからである。この態様を図1に示す。
本発明によると接着プラスター3/膜3は少なくとも一種類の水に不溶のポリマー、好ましくはPP、PVCまたはPUの不透水性シートからなる。更に必要に応じて(上記種々の態様を参照)ドレッシング技術において通常使用される接着剤(好ましくはホットメルト法により製造されるポリアクリレート接着剤または合成ゴム接着剤、必要に応じて更にゴム接着剤)(これは好ましくは特に良好な皮膚への適合性を有するのが適切である)を有する。多層ドレッシングの製造中であっても前であってもこの接着剤を水に不溶のシートに適用し得る。しかしながら、上記のように創傷を取り巻く箇所のみに、または膜/シートにユーザーが接着剤を適用またはスプレーすることも更に可能である。
Dermaplast Film/Active und Hydractive(登録商標);Hydrofilm Plus(登録商標);Hydrocoll(登録商標)(Hartmann);Comfeel(−Plus)(登録商標)、Biatain(登録商標)、Seasorb(登録商標)、Contreet(登録商標)(Coloplast)
Cutinova Hydro(登録商標)、Acticoat(登録商標)、Allevyn(登録商標)(Smith&Nephew)
ハイドロゲルドレッシング、IntraSite Conformable、IntraSite Gel、水選択性創傷ドレッシング(hydroselective wound dressing)、Cutinova Hydro(例えばハイドロセルフォーム(hydrocellular foam)創傷ドレッシング)、Allevyn製品群(例えばアルギネート、抗菌創傷ドレッシング、酵素デブリードマン、臭気吸収ドレッシング、術後ドレッシング)、Cutplast Steril、Hansapor Steril、OpSite Post−Op、Primapore(例えば特別のドレッシング)、Allevyn tracheostomy、Cavi−Care、EXU−DRY。
Claims (15)
- 少なくとも以下の構造体:
創傷と接触することを目的とする不織布1、および不透水性であり少なくとも一種類の水に不溶のポリマーを含む膜3
を有する多層ドレッシングであって、該膜3が絆創膏3であり創傷を取り巻く皮膚に付着する接着部位を含むか、または該膜が接着部分を含まず創傷を取り巻く皮膚に接着剤が適用された場合にのみ創傷を取り巻く皮膚に適用され、膜3と不織布1との間の結合が緩く容易に壊れるかまたは存在しない、多層ドレッシング。 - 該膜3の少なくとも一種類の水に不溶のポリマーがPP、PVCまたはPUである、請求項1記載の多層ドレッシング。
- 該膜3が粘着性ハイドロポリマーである、請求項1または2記載の多層ドレッシング。
- 該多層ドレッシングが更に膜3と不織布1との間に、少なくとも一種類の水溶性ポリマーを含む別の膜2を備える、従前請求項のいずれかに記載の多層ドレッシング。
- 少なくとも一種類の水溶性ポリマーがCMCである、請求項4記載の多層ドレッシング。
- 別の膜2と不織布1との間の結合が緩く容易に壊れる、請求項4または5記載の多層ドレッシング。
- 別の膜2と不織布1との間の結合が存在しない、請求項4または5記載の多層ドレッシング。
- 別の膜2と膜3との間の結合が、(i)存在しないか、(ii)緩く容易に壊れるか、または(iii)安定で壊れない、請求項4〜7のいずれかに記載の多層ドレッシング。
- 該多層ドレッシングが、更に、アルギネート、コラーゲンスポンジ、ポリウレタンフォームまたはフォーム層、ハイドロコロイド、ハイドロゲルまたはハイドロポリマーを膜3と不織布1との間に備える、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の多層ドレッシング。
- アルギネート、コラーゲンスポンジ、ポリウレタンフォームまたはフォーム層、ハイドロコロイド、ハイドロゲルまたはハイドロポリマーと不織布1との間の結合が緩く容易に壊れる、請求項9記載の多層ドレッシング。
- アルギネート、コラーゲンスポンジ、ポリウレタンフォームまたはフォーム層、ハイドロコロイド、ハイドロゲルまたはハイドロポリマーと不織布1との間の結合が存在しない、請求項9記載の多層ドレッシング。
- アルギネート、コラーゲンスポンジ、ポリウレタンフォームまたはフォーム層、ハイドロコロイド、ハイドロゲルまたはハイドロポリマーと膜3との間の結合が(i)存在しないか、(ii)緩く容易に壊れるか、または(iii)安定で壊れない、請求項9〜11のいずれかに記載の多層ドレッシング。
- 該不織布1が 一般式SiX4(式中、X基は同一または異なっており、ヒドロキシ、水素、ハロゲン、アミノ、アルコキシ、アルキルオキシ、アルキルカルボニルまたはアルコキシカルボニルであるか、またはアルキル基から誘導されており、酸素原子、硫黄原子またはアミノ基が割り込んでいてもよい)のモノマーから加水分解縮合により誘導されるケイ素の一種類以上の部分的にまたは完全に加水分解縮合した化合物を含有する紡糸液から糸を引き出すことにより得られ得る生分解性および/または生体吸収性繊維構造体を含む、従前請求項のいずれかに記載の多層ドレッシング。
- 該X基が同一であり、かつエチルである、請求項13記載の多層ドレッシング。
- 該加水分解縮合が一種類(または複数種)のアミノ酸および/または一種類(または複数種)のペプチドおよび/または一種類(または複数種)のDNA分子またはフラグメントの存在下において起こる、請求項13または14記載の多層ドレッシング。
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