JP2008525131A - Adlcで構成された連接表層を有する人工関節 - Google Patents

Adlcで構成された連接表層を有する人工関節 Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2008525131A
JP2008525131A JP2007548664A JP2007548664A JP2008525131A JP 2008525131 A JP2008525131 A JP 2008525131A JP 2007548664 A JP2007548664 A JP 2007548664A JP 2007548664 A JP2007548664 A JP 2007548664A JP 2008525131 A JP2008525131 A JP 2008525131A
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Prior art keywords
artificial joint
surface layer
joint according
substrate
layer
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Granted
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JP5411432B2 (ja
JP2008525131A5 (ja
Inventor
レヒマン,ビート
クウェンツ,トーマス
フライグ,ローベルト
アッペンツェラー,アンドレアス
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Synthes GmbH
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Synthes GmbH
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Automatic Disk Changers (AREA)
  • Holders For Sensitive Materials And Originals (AREA)
  • Belt Conveyors (AREA)
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Abstract

本人工関節は少なくとも二つの部材(2、3)で構成され、基板物質上に、相互的に協調し合う連接表層(10、11)を有する。前記連接表層の中で少なくとも一つの連接表層はアモルファスのダイヤモンド状炭素で構成され;又は基板物質に接着する接着層(12、13)の上に錫が含まれている。本人工関節は摩耗くずを多く削減する効果をもたらし、より一層強化された乾燥性質を示している。

Description

本発明は、人工関節に関する発明であり、相互的に協調し合う連接表層を有する少なくとも二つの部材で構成され、前記連接表層の少なくとも一方はアモルファスダイヤモンド状炭素を含む。
整形外科の人工プロテーゼに用いる連接部品の設計は通常、球体およびソケット接合部を基としている。連接部品間の摩擦が原因で、摩耗くずが発生する。特別な固い表層コーティングを用いて、これらの摩耗くずを減らそうと試みたものの、努力の効果は、完全な成功とは言えない。
所謂、固い表層コーティングとは、自動車産業、発電所(タービンおよび発電機の設計)、あるいは車のエンジンの弁制御などによく使われる摩擦および摩耗のくずを減らすために用いる通常技術である。
ポープ等の米国特許第6,398,815号B1明細書により、人工関節及び多結晶ダイヤモンド状炭素の連接表層の超固コーティングが開示されている。多結晶ダイヤモンド状炭素の不利な点は、事実上、基板の機械的安全性がもはや確保できない高温で生産され、さらに多結晶ダイヤモンドの最初の表面が凸凹しているため、最終的に研磨加工工程が必要となる。
クマール等の米国特許第6,447,295号明細書により、ADLCコーティングが施された歯科留めねじが開示されている。クマール明細書はチタンインプラント間の冷間圧接にADLCを使用することを開示する。固い表層を相当柔軟な弾性基板の上に置くことは剥脱のリスクを抱える。すなわち固い表層が損傷する。クマールのコーティング技術は連接表層には適しない。
さらに、米国特許出願公開第2005/0016635号明細書は、膝の内部プロテーゼにADLCを使用することを開示する。しかしながら、ADLC表面は該表面に対する細胞の内方成長若しくは上部成長を促進するためのコーティングとして用いられていることは明らかであるが、内部関節プロテーゼの連接層に使用されているわけではない。
発明の概要
内部関節プロテーゼの中、金属と金属の接合部に摩耗くずが発生する。特に、クロム、コバルト、モリブデンの微細な粒子が表層から排出される。そこで本発明の目的は、排出される粒子の量を削減できる連接表層を備えた人工関節を提供することである。
本発明の別の目的は乾燥性質が強化された人工関節を提供することである。
本発明の更なる目的は:
− より高い生物学的適合性を有し、
− 固い表層が基板から層間剥離するリスクを減少する、
人工関節を提供することである。
本発明によるADLC表層を有する人工関節は、特に乾燥の条件下で優れた性能を示している。さらに、摩擦係数も低下し、摩耗くずの量も削減できる。
ADLCは150℃〜250℃までの温度で処理される。これらの温度で、通常基材であるCoCrMoとCoCrMoCはその材料構造の変化はなく、無傷状態を保持する。ADLCとその接着層が完全に応用されたことにより、最後の研磨加工は必要としない。即ち、表面のトポグラフィーの変化はない。
特別な実施例において、非結晶質ダイヤモンド状炭素は四面体非結晶質ダイヤモンド状炭素である。このような形態は一番堅固な物質としての利点を有する。
連接表層は金属、若しくはセラミック基板をコーティングすることで作られる。好適には、CoCrMo、CoCrMoC、チタン、TAN、TAV、酸化アルミニウム若しくは酸化ジルコニウムである。
表層の厚さの範囲は0.5〜800μmであるが、2〜25μmの間が好ましい。
なお、別の実施例において、表層と基板との間に接着層が配置される。ADLCが基板よりかなり固いため、層間に表面張力をもたらす。基板と表層(ADLC)の間に接着層を打ち込むことにより表面張力を減少できることが判明された。接着層は金属若しくは金属合金であり、特にニオブ、シリジウム、タンタラム、金若しくは、その他の生体適合金属からなり得る。
接着層の厚さの範囲は3nm〜40μmであるが、50nm〜9μmの間が好ましい。
更に別の実施例において、表層は多層複合材でも構成可能である。このデザインの利点は、純金属構成による様々な更なる弾力性表面張力を削減できることにある。多層複合材は下記の単一層の配列で構成される。
(基板)−チタン−錫−チタン−錫
本発明による関節は体内関節プロテーゼのパーツとして腰、膝、肩に好適であり、また、椎間プロテーゼのパーツとして椎間板プロテーゼに好適である。
以下に、添付図面を参照して本発明の幾つかの実施例について説明する。
図1は本発明に基づく人工関節1の主要構成を図形化して表す。人工関節1は回転軸4を有する単軸関節で構成されるが、ヒンジ人工膝プロテーゼの図面が例である。人工関節1は基本的に、チャネル7に同軸貫通される最初の部品2及び、関節軸9を含む次の部品3で構成される。第一部材2と第二部材3は、連接表層10、11と;連接表層とチャネル7の周壁8との間に挟まれた接着層12、13と;関節軸9の各自柱面などを有することにより相互的に支え合う。人工関節1は、関節軸9にある凸状スライディング表面29とチャネル7の周壁8にある凹面状スライディング表層30の構造を用いることで、第一部材2と第二部材3の間でスライディング相対運動が簡単に可能になる。
図2〜図4は本発明に基づく人工関節1のもう一つの主要構成を図形として示しており、表面置換型の膝関節プロテーゼが例である。図2〜図4の実施例は円形断面を有する関節軸9と第一部材2の凹面状スライディング表層30の凹状面形態がそれぞれ実施例1に示されたものと異なる。そのため、第一部材2の凹面状スライディング表層30の湾曲半径が関節軸9の凸面状スライディング表層29の湾曲半径より大きい。第一及び第二部材2と3のこのような構造を用いて、多層構造のスライディングおよび第一及び第二部材2と3が相互的に相対的な転動が可能になる。
図5と図6は人工関節1が椎間インプラント14の形態で応用された実施例を表す。具体的に椎間板プロテーゼは上位付加部品15、下位付加部品16および前述の上下位付加部品15、16をきちんと連接する球関節22で構成される。球関節22および上下位付加部品15、16の反対側にはそれぞれ、上部末端表層17と下部末端表層18を有し、前述の上部末端表層17を用いて最初椎間体のベースプレートと椎間インプラント14が上端において接合するよう設置し、前述下部末端表層18を用いて次の椎間体のカバープレートと椎間インプラント14が下端において接合するよう設置する。球関節22は、球状凸面結合部品23を有する2枚の部品で構成され、凸状スライディング表面29は椎間インプラント14の中央軸19を有する球状キャップで構成され、球状キャップの先端で交差する。凸状接合部品23の後部25において、円筒断面31が設置され、凸状接合部品23がそれに対応する凹所27に収まるようにして、前記凹所27は下位付加部品16において下部末端表層18と反対側にアレンジされた中間表層21に位置する。同様に、凹状接合部品24の後部26に別の円筒状断面を設置し、凹状接合部品24が対応する別の凹所28に収まるようにする。前記凹所28は上位付加部品15において上部末端表層17と反対側にアレンジされた中間表層20に位置する。
この典型的な実施例において、第一及び第二接着層12、13は金属であり、3ナノメートルから6マイクロメートルまでの厚さを有し、凸状・凹状接合部品23、24に対応するそれぞれの最初の基板33と次の基板34に化学蒸着方法により固定される。これに対し、最初の連接層10と次の連接層11は2から30マイクロメートルの厚さを有し、プラズマ補助化学蒸着プロセスが応用される。
凸状スライディング表層29と凹面状スライディング表層30は同じ半径を有することで、球関節22が曲るか伸縮された場合に凸状スライディング表層29と凹面状スライディング表層30の間で相対的な滑り運動が可能である。同様に、人工関節の最初の部品2と次の部品3が中央軸19に対して、相互に相対的な回転をする場合、凸状スライディング表面29と凹面状スライディング表面30の間で滑り運動が行われる。
本発明に基づく人工関節の主要機能的な部分を示す斜視図である。 本発明に基づくもう一つの人工関節の主要機能的な部分を示す斜視図である。 本発明に基づく更に別の人工関節の主要機能的な部分を示す斜視図である。 図5に係る人工関節の断面を示す。 本発明に基づく実施例としての人工関節の分解立体図である。 図5に係る実施例の断面を示す。

Claims (10)

  1. 人工関節において、少なくとも二つの部材(2、3)で構成され、基板物質(33、34)の上に相互的に協調し合う接合表層(10、11)を有し、前記連接表層(10、11)の少なくとも一つの連接表層が
    a)アモルファスダイヤモンド状炭素か
    b)基板物質(33、34)に接着する接着層(12、13)上の錫からなる人工関節(1)。
  2. 前記アモルファスダイヤモンド状炭素は四面体アモルファスダイヤモンド状炭素である請求項1に記載の人工関節。
  3. 連接表層は、金属若しくはセラミック基板を塗布することにより形成され、好ましくはCoCrMo、CoCrMoC、チタン、TAN、TAV、酸化アルミニウム、酸化ジルコニウムである請求項1又は2に記載の人工関節。
  4. 表層が0.5μm〜800μmの厚さを有し、好ましくは2μm〜25μmである請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の人工関節。
  5. 接着層は前記表層と前記基板との間に配置される請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の人工関節。
  6. 前記の接着層は3nm〜40μmの厚さを有し、好ましくは50nm〜9μmである請求項5に記載の人工関節。
  7. 接着層がニオブ、シリジウム、タンタラム、金若しくはその他の生体適合金属からなる請求項5又は6に記載の人工関節。
  8. 表層が多層複合材である請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の人工関節。
  9. 前記の多層複合材が、下記の単層の配列で構成されることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の人工関節。
    (基板)−チタン−錫−チタン−錫
  10. 体内関節プロテーゼのパーツとして腰、膝、肩に好ましく、または、椎間プロテーゼのパーツとして椎間板プロテーゼに好ましい請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の人工関節。
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