CN101090743B - 具有包括adlc的关节表面层的假关节 - Google Patents
具有包括adlc的关节表面层的假关节 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101090743B CN101090743B CN2005800449306A CN200580044930A CN101090743B CN 101090743 B CN101090743 B CN 101090743B CN 2005800449306 A CN2005800449306 A CN 2005800449306A CN 200580044930 A CN200580044930 A CN 200580044930A CN 101090743 B CN101090743 B CN 101090743B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种假关节,该假关节具有至少两个构件(2,3),所述两个构件在基底材料上各有协同工作的关节表面层(10,11)。上述关节表面层的至少其中之一包括无定形金刚石状碳;或者接合到基底材料的粘合层(12,13)上的TiN。假关节提供摩损碎屑数量的减少,并显示增强的干操作性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有至少两个构件的假关节,所述两个构件各具有协同工作的关节表面层,所述关节表面层的至少其中之一含有无定形金刚石状碳(ADLC)。
背景技术
矫形关节假体的关节部件的设计通常是基于球窝式关节。由于关节部件之间的摩擦,所以产生磨损碎屑。曾试图用特别硬涂层减少这些磨损碎屑。然而,这些努力仅部分成功。
像这样的硬涂层在下列技术中众所周知,在所述技术中摩擦和磨损碎屑必须减少,如汽车工业、发电站(涡轮机和发电机设计)或汽车发动机中的阀控制。
从POPE等人申请的US 6398815B1中已知假关节具有由多晶金刚石状碳组成的超硬关节表面。
多晶金刚石的缺点是它在高温下生产,在该高温下各基底的机械整体性不再能得到保证。另外,多晶金刚石的开始表面粗糙,需要最后抛光加工步骤。
从KUMAR等人申请的美国专利US 6447295中已知涂有ADLC的牙齿固定螺钉。KUMAR公开了涂布ADLC防止钛植入体之间的冷焊接。在基本上更有弹性的基底上涂布硬质层具有剥落的危险,即硬质层破坏的危险。KUMAR的涂层不适宜用于关节表面。
在DESPRES III等人申请的美国专利US 2005/0016635中还已知,将ADLC用于膝关节内用假体;然而,ADLC表面明确地作为涂层用来促进组织向内生长或向上生长到该表面上,并且不用于内用关节假体的关节表面。
发明内容
在内用关节假体中的金属在金属上的关节产生磨损碎屑,尤其是铬、钴和钼的小的微粒,上述这些微料将从表面释放出。因此,本发明的目的是提供具有关节表面的假关节,所述关节表面可带来减少这种释放的微粒数的结果。
本发明的另一个目的是提供具有加强的干操作性能的假关节。
本发明的另一些目的是提供一种假关节,所述假关节具有:
-较高的生物相容性;和
-较低的硬质层与基底脱层的危险。
具有按照本发明的ADLC表面层的假关节尤其是在干操作条件下显示极好的性能。摩擦系数也减小,这样得到较小体积的磨损碎屑。
ADLC在150和250℃之间的温度下进行处理。在这些温度下,常用的基底CoCrMo和CoCrMoC不改变它的材料结构,并保持处于完好的状态。由于ADLC及其粘合层真正是逐原子施加,亦即不改变表面构形,所以不需要最后抛光。
在一特定实施例中,上述无定形金刚石状碳是四面体无定形金刚石状碳。这种构造的优点是它是最硬的材料之一。
关节表面层可以通过涂布到金属或陶瓷基底上的涂层形成,上述金属或陶瓷基底优选的是CoCrMo,CoCrMoC,Ti,TAN,TAV,氧化铝或氧化锆。
表面层可以具有厚度是在0.5μm和800μm之间,优选的是在2μm和25μm之间。
在另一个实施例中,在表面层和基底之间设置一粘合层。因为ADLC硬度比基底大得多,所以在它们之间可能产生表面张力。现已发现,表面张力可以通过把粘合层放在基底和表面层(ADLC)之间来减小。粘合层可以是金属或金属合金,尤其是粘合层可以包括铌、硅、钽或金或其它生物相容的金属。
粘合层可以具有厚度是在3nm和40μm之间,优选的是在50nm和9μm之间。
在另一实施例中,表面层可以是多层复合物。这种设计的优点是通过由纯金属制成的几个“更有弹性的”层减小表面张力。多层复合物可以包括下列顺序的单层:(基底)-Ti-TiN-Ti-TiN。
按照本发明的关节可以是内部关节假体的一部分或椎间植入体的一部分,该内部关节假体优选的是用于髋关节、膝关节和肩关节的内部关节假体,该椎间植入体优选的是椎间盘假体。
附图说明
下面将作为例子和参照附图说明本发明的几个实施例,其中:
图1示出按照本发明的假关节的关键功能构件的透视图;
图2示出按照本发明的另一种假关节的关键功能构件的透视图;
图3示出按照本发明所述的另一种假关节的关键功能构件的透视图;
图4示出图3的假关节的横截面图;
图5示出按照本发明的假关节的实施例的部件分解图;和
图6示出图5的实施例的横截面图。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出按照本发明的假关节1的关键功能件。假关节1构造为单轴式关节,所述单轴式关节具有旋转轴线4,同时示意性地表示比如铰接式膝关节假体。假关节1主要包括第一构件2和第二构件3,上述第一构件2具有通道7,所述通道7同轴地穿过第一构件2,而上述第二构件3构造为关节轴9。第一和第二构件2、3各具有关节表面层10、11和粘合层12、13,所述粘合层12、13分别在关节表面层10和通道7的周边壁8之间以及关节表面层11与关节轴9的圆筒形表面之间。假关节1在关节轴9处有一凸起的滑动表面29和在通道7的周边壁8处有一凹下的滑动表面30的构造仅允许在第一和第二构件2、3之间相对滑动运动。
图2-4示意性地示出按照本发明的例如表面置换式膝关节假体的另一假关节1的关键功能件。图2-4中的实施例与图1所示的实施例的不同仅是第一构件2的凹下式滑动表面30的各自的平面(图4)和凹面(图5和6)的构造,并且关节9具有圆形横截面,因而第一构件2的凹式滑动表面30的曲率半径大于关节轴9的凸式滑动表面29的半径。第一和第二构件2、3的这种构造允许第一和第二构件2、3相对彼此叠加的滑动和滚动运动。
图5和6示出假关节1取椎间植入体14,尤其是椎间盘假体形式的实施例,所述椎间盘假体包括上接合件15、下接合件16和球窝式关节22,球窝式关节22关节式地连接上述上和下接合件15、16。与球窝式关节22相对,上和下接合件15、16分别包括上终端表面17和下终端表面18,从而上述上终端表面17构造成用于抵靠在顶部接触椎间植入体14的第一椎间体的底板,而上述下终端表面18构造成用于抵靠在底部接触椎间植入体14的第二椎间体的盖板。球窝式关节22是两件式的构件,所述构件具有一球形凸起的关节件23,其凸起的滑动表面29构造成球形帽,同时椎间植入体14的中心轴线19在其顶点处与球形帽相交。在凸起的关节件23的后端25处,设置第一圆柱形部分31,凸起的关节件23通过上述第一圆柱形部分可以装配到下接合件16的中间表面21的相应第一凹槽27中,所述中间表面21布置成与下终端表面18相对。类似的是,凹下的关节件24的后端26包括第二圆柱形部分32,凹下的关节件24通过上述第二圆柱形部分32装配到上接合件15的中间表面20的相应第二凹槽28中,所述中间表面20布置成与上终端表面17相对。
在这个示例性实施例中,第一和第二粘合层12、13是金属的,具有厚度是在3纳米和6微米之间,并通过化学汽相淀积技术固定在相应的凸起和凹下的关节件23、24的各自第一和第二基底33、34处,而第一和第二关节表面10、11具有厚度是在2和30微米之间,并通过等离子体帮助的化学汽相淀积法涂布。
凸起的滑动表面29和凹下的滑动表面30有相同半径,这在球窝式关节22弯曲或伸展时能使凸起的滑动表面29相对于凹下的滑动表面30进行滑动运动。类似的是,当假关节的第一和第二构件2、3绕中心轴线19彼此相对旋转时,中凸和中凹的滑动表面29、30之间可以进行滑动运动。
Claims (8)
1.一种假关节(1),所述假关节具有至少两个构件(2,3),所述至少两个构件(2,3)各在基底材料(33,34)上有一协同工作的关节表面层(10,11),并且其中所述关节表面层(10;11)的至少其中之一包括:
a)无定形金刚石状碳;或
b)粘合层(12,13)上的TiN,所述粘合层结合到基底材料(33,34)上,所述表面层包括由纯金属制成的几层;并且其中,
A)粘合层设置在所述表面层和所述基底之间;
B)所述表面层(10,11)是多层复合物;
C)所述基底是金属基底。
2.按照权利要求1所述的假关节,其中所述无定形金刚石状碳是四面体无定形金刚石状碳。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的假关节,其中所述关节表面层由涂布到金属或陶瓷基底上的涂层形成,所述基底是CoCrMo、CoCrMoC、Ti、TAN、TAV、氧化铝或氧化锆。
4.按照权利要求1-3其中之一所述的假关节,其中所述表面层是在0.5μm和800μm之间。
5.按照权利要求1所述的假关节,其中所述粘合层是在3nm和40μm之间。
6.按照权利要求1或5所述的假关节,其中所述粘合层包括铌、硅、钽或金或其它生物相容的金属。
7.按照权利要求1所述的假关节,其中所述多层复合物包括下列顺序的单层:基底-Ti-TiN-Ti-TiN。
8.按照权利要求1-7其中之一所述的假关节,其中关节是内关节假体的一部分或椎间植入体的一部分,所述内关节假体用于髋骨、膝盖骨和肩骨,所述椎间植入体是椎间盘假体。
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