JP2008520529A - 改質器の混合室及びそれを運転する方法 - Google Patents
改質器の混合室及びそれを運転する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002453 autothermal reforming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIYVNGWKHNMMAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].O Chemical compound [O].O PIYVNGWKHNMMAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J19/002—Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects, e.g. avoiding explosions, or improving the yield by suppressing side-reactions
- B01J19/0026—Avoiding carbon deposits
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/248—Reactors comprising multiple separated flow channels
- B01J19/2485—Monolithic reactors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
- B01J4/001—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/382—Multi-step processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F2025/91—Direction of flow or arrangement of feed and discharge openings
- B01F2025/913—Vortex flow, i.e. flow spiraling in a tangential direction and moving in an axial direction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/10—Mixing gases with gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/70—Spray-mixers, e.g. for mixing intersecting sheets of material
- B01F25/72—Spray-mixers, e.g. for mixing intersecting sheets of material with nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00245—Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects
- B01J2219/00259—Preventing runaway of the chemical reaction
- B01J2219/00265—Preventing flame propagation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0244—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being an autothermal reforming step, e.g. secondary reforming processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0838—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by heat exchange with exothermic reactions, other than by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0844—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by heat exchange with exothermic reactions, other than by combustion of fuel the non-combustive exothermic reaction being another reforming reaction as defined in groups C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/0294
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
- C01B2203/1247—Higher hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1276—Mixing of different feed components
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/14—Details of the flowsheet
- C01B2203/142—At least two reforming, decomposition or partial oxidation steps in series
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/80—Aspect of integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas not covered by groups C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/1695
- C01B2203/82—Several process steps of C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/08 integrated into a single apparatus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
Description
CnHm + n H2O → n CO + (m/2 + n) H2 ΔHR > 0
(水蒸気改質)
CnHm+ n/2 O2 → m/2 H2 + n CO ΔHR< 0
(部分酸化)
メタンCH4(n = 1, m = 4)では反応式は以下の通りである:
CH4 + H2O → CO + 3 H2 ΔHR = +206 kJ/mol
CH4 + 0.5 O2 → CO + 2 H2 ΔHR = -35 kJ/mol
それ故に、改質器の混合室は以下の機能を有する:
燃料の供給;
燃料の霧状化及び蒸発;
混合物の形成(空気−水蒸気流中の燃料濃度の均一化);
流速分布の均一化(流動速度のプロフィール)。
図1:は第一の領域(I)(蒸発器)、第二の領域(II)及び触媒装置(K)を有している本発明の混合室の概略図である。
図2:は第二の領域内部に酸化剤を有効に供給する原理を図示している。
図3:はリング状ノズルの形態での空気供給の態様を図示している。
図4:はガス流から未蒸発の燃料粒子を分離する原理を図示している。
図5:は第一の領域(I)がサイクロンとして図示されている本発明の混合室の3つの態様を図示している。
C 炭素
H2O 水蒸気
O 酸化剤
K 触媒
SP 液体燃料粒子を分離するための隙間
改質器の原料は、正確な配量供給、混合物の生成、できるだけの蒸発、及び触媒装置の方向での均一な流速分布によって処するべきである。これは本発明に従う混合室で達成される。例として3kWelの電力定格を持つATRのために、3.6kg/時の空気、1.73kg/時の水及び800g/時の燃料を混合室に導入する。
II・・・第二の領域
C・・・炭素
H2O・・・水蒸気
O・・・酸化剤
K・・・触媒
SP・・・液体燃料粒子を分離するための隙間
Claims (15)
- その内部で燃料が蒸発されそして酸化剤と混合される、改質器用混合室を運転する方法において、
−液状燃料をノズルを通して混合室に導入しそして霧状化し、
−霧状化した燃料を同様に混合室に導入された水蒸気と接触させて、燃料を蒸発させ、
−蒸発した燃料に酸化剤を供給しそして同様に酸化剤と均一に混合する
ことを特徴とする、上記方法。 - 供給される水蒸気が350〜500℃の温度を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ディーゼル油を燃料として供給する、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 空気を酸化剤として供給する、請求項1〜3のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 燃料を軸方向に噴霧導入する、請求項1〜4のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 水蒸気を接線方向に供給する、請求項1〜5のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 酸化剤をリング状ノズルを通して接線方向に供給する、請求項1〜4のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 燃料を周囲温度で供給する、請求項1〜7のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 酸化剤を周囲温度で供給する、請求項1〜8のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか一つに記載の方法を実施するための混合室において、混合室の第一の領域への液体燃料の供給ライン及び水蒸気の供給ライン、及び混合室の第二の領域への酸化剤の供給ラインよりなり、第二の領域が第一の領域の下流に配置されていることを特徴とする、上記混合室。
- 燃料用の軸方向供給ライン、水蒸気の少なくとも1つの接線方向供給ライン及び酸化剤のための少なくとも1つの放射状供給ラインを有する回転対称に設計された、請求項10に記載の混合室。
- 第一の領域がサイクロンとして形成されている、請求項10または11に記載の混合室。
- 非蒸発性の粒子の除去のために、混合室の第一の領域と第二の領域との間に環状の隙間を有する、請求項12に記載の混合室。
- リング状ノズルが酸化剤の供給のために設けられている、請求項10〜13のいずれか一つに記載の混合室。
- 酸化剤が流れ断面積を細めた領域に供給される、請求項10〜15のいずれか一つに記載の混合室。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004055425.0 | 2004-11-17 | ||
DE102004055425A DE102004055425B4 (de) | 2004-11-17 | 2004-11-17 | Mischkammer für einen Reformer sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben derselben |
PCT/DE2005/002041 WO2006053534A1 (de) | 2004-11-17 | 2005-11-12 | Mischkammer für einen reformer sowie verfahren zum betreiben derselben |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2008520529A true JP2008520529A (ja) | 2008-06-19 |
JP2008520529A5 JP2008520529A5 (ja) | 2008-12-04 |
JP4898695B2 JP4898695B2 (ja) | 2012-03-21 |
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JP2007541666A Active JP4898695B2 (ja) | 2004-11-17 | 2005-11-12 | 改質器の混合室及びそれを運転する方法 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7461618B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1812154B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4898695B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2587326C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102004055425B4 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006053534A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2011526873A (ja) * | 2008-07-02 | 2011-10-20 | パワーセル スウェーデン アーベー | 炭化水素燃料を水素リッチガスに転化するための改質反応器及び方法 |
US9169194B2 (en) | 2009-04-23 | 2015-10-27 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Metering ring |
JP2016507132A (ja) * | 2013-02-04 | 2016-03-07 | アーファオエル・リスト・ゲーエムベーハー | 高温燃料電池スタック及び蒸発装置を有するエネルギー生成装置 |
US9917318B2 (en) | 2013-02-04 | 2018-03-13 | Avl List Gmbh | Hydrocarbon-operable fuel cell system |
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US7547002B2 (en) | 2005-04-15 | 2009-06-16 | Delavan Inc | Integrated fuel injection and mixing systems for fuel reformers and methods of using the same |
US7766251B2 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2010-08-03 | Delavan Inc | Fuel injection and mixing systems and methods of using the same |
DE102006016912A1 (de) | 2006-04-11 | 2007-12-13 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Verfahren zum Verdampfen eines flüssigen Kraftstoffs sowie eine Mischkammer zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens |
US8074895B2 (en) | 2006-04-12 | 2011-12-13 | Delavan Inc | Fuel injection and mixing systems having piezoelectric elements and methods of using the same |
DE102006024038A1 (de) * | 2006-05-23 | 2007-11-29 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Kraftstoff-Oxidationsmittel-Gemisches |
DE102006032956B4 (de) * | 2006-07-17 | 2010-07-01 | Enerday Gmbh | Reformer und Verfahren zum Umsetzen von Brennstoff und Oxidationsmittel zu gasförmigem Reformat |
DE102006046718A1 (de) * | 2006-10-02 | 2008-04-03 | Enerday Gmbh | Verdampfungsvorrichtung zum Aufbereiten von Brennstoff für einen Reformer und ein Brennstoffzellensystem |
DE102007040192A1 (de) * | 2007-08-25 | 2009-02-26 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Reformer und Brennstoffzellensystem |
EP2421638A1 (de) * | 2009-04-22 | 2012-02-29 | Vaillant GmbH | Vorrichtung zum mischen von gasströmen |
FR2960449B1 (fr) * | 2010-05-25 | 2012-08-03 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Reacteur pour le reformage autotherme de gasoil |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1812154B1 (de) | 2020-08-19 |
EP1812154A1 (de) | 2007-08-01 |
US20080011250A1 (en) | 2008-01-17 |
DE102004055425A1 (de) | 2006-05-24 |
CA2587326A1 (en) | 2006-05-26 |
US7461618B2 (en) | 2008-12-09 |
CA2587326C (en) | 2013-04-16 |
DE102004055425B4 (de) | 2007-06-14 |
WO2006053534A1 (de) | 2006-05-26 |
JP4898695B2 (ja) | 2012-03-21 |
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