JP2008508839A - 外科用機械及び外科用機械の制御及び/又は調整方法 - Google Patents
外科用機械及び外科用機械の制御及び/又は調整方法 Download PDFInfo
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- ロータ及び少なくとも2つのモータ巻線を含むセンサレス電気モータ(14)と、前記電気モータ(14)を制御及び/又は調整するためのモータコントローラ(24)とを備えた外科用機械(10)であって、
前記電気モータ(14)を制御及び/又は調整するための空間ベクトルパルス幅変調(SVPWM)方法(A)であって、全てのモータ巻線に電流が同時に供給可能であるような方法が、前記モータコントローラ(24)により実施可能であるようにすること、
を特徴とする外科用機械(10)。 - 請求項1に記載の機械において、前記モータコントローラ(24)が制御ユニット(36)及びパワーユニット(40)を含むことを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項2に記載の機械において、前記パワーユニット(40)が、前記少なくとも2つのモータ巻線のそれぞれに対して、2つのパワートランジスタ(Q1; Q2; Q3; Q4; Q5; Q6)をそれぞれ含むことを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の機械において、前記電気モータ(14)が電気的に整流されるブラシレスDCモータであることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の機械において、前記電気モータ(14)のロータ位置は、前記少なくとも2つのモータ巻線への電流供給を制御及び/又は調整することで決定可能であることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項5に記載の機械において、前記電気モータ(14)のロータ位置を決定するために、前記少なくとも2つのモータ巻線の少なくとも一方が前記機械(10)の電源(22)から時間間隔tinterruptの間分離可能であり、前記少なくとも2つのモータ巻線の前記少なくとも1つにおけるCEMF(逆起電力)が前記時間間隔tinterrupt中に測定可能であり、前記ロータの実位置は前記測定されたCEMF(逆起電力)から計算することができることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項6に記載の機械において、全てのモータ巻線は、時間間隔tinterruptの間、前記機械(10)の電源(22)から同時に分離可能であることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項6又は7に記載の機械において、前記少なくとも2つのモータ巻線に印加される電圧は、前記時間間隔tinterruptの開始時又は開始前、或いはCEMF(逆起電力)の測定前において測定可能であり、最低電圧が測定されるモータ巻線は、所定の電位に接続可能であることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項8に記載の装置において、前記所定の電位は接地であることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項6〜9のいずれかに記載の機械において、前記モータコントローラ(24)は、前記時間間隔tinterruptの間、移行時間ttransientが経過する迄は前記CEMF(逆起電力)の測定を行わないことを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項6〜10のいずれかに記載の機械において、前記モータコントローラ(24)は、CEMF(逆起電力)を決定するために、電圧の挙動がモータ巻線で測定可能であるか、又は、モータ巻線が前記所定の電位に接続されておらず、かつ、前記移行時間ttransientは、モータ巻線に印加される電圧又は前記所定の電位に接続されていないモータ巻線の電圧が時間の経過により一定もしくはほぼ一定となるまでの時間tconstantに少なくとも対応するように設計されていることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項6〜11のいずれかに記載の機械において、前記モータコントローラ(24)は、前記時間間隔tinterruptに対して一定値が予め定められるように設計されていることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項6〜11のいずれかに記載の機械において、前記モータコントローラ(24)は、前記時間間隔tinterruptが可変となるように設計されていることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項13に記載の機械において、前記モータコントローラ(24)は、前記時間間隔tinterruptを、この時間間隔tinterruptの間に、モータ巻線に印加される電圧又は前記所定の電位に接続されていないモータ巻線の電圧がその時間の経過により一定又はほぼ一定とみなせるように予め定めることができるように設計されていることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項13又は14に記載の機械において、前記モータコントローラ(24)は、前記時間tconstantが前記時間間隔tinterruptよりも大きいときは前記時間間隔tinterruptを大きくでき、及び/又は前記時間tconstantが前記時間間隔tinterruptよりも小さい場合は前記時間間隔tinterruptを小さくできるように設計されていることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項13〜15のいずれかに記載の機械において、前記モータコントローラ(24)は、前記時間間隔tinterruptを変更可能で、特に、1回転毎に段階的に大きく又は小さくすることができるように設計されていることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項6〜16のいずれかに記載の機械において、前記モータコントローラ(24)は、前記ロータの特定の位置を、CEMF(逆起電力)の測定により決定される前記ロータの実際の位置と比較可能であり、前記空間ベクトルパルス幅変調(SVPWM)のフィールド角は前記ロータの前記特定の位置と前記実際の位置との間から決定される差に応じて調整可能であるように設計されていることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項6〜17のいずれかに記載の機械において、前記モータコントローラ(24)は、前記少なくとも2つのモータ巻線の少なくとも1つのモータ電流が0にまで下落した後にのみ前記CEMF(逆起電力)の測定が可能であるように設計されていることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項1〜18のいずれかに記載の機械において、前記機械(10)への電源供給のために、主電源から独立した電源(22)、特に電池、を有することを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項19に記載の機械において、前記主電源から独立した電源(22)及び前記モータコントローラ(24)が1つのユニット(20)を形成し、前記ユニット(20)が前記機械(10)に着脱可能に接続されることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項19又は20に記載の機械において、前記モータコントローラ(24)が接続回路(42)を備え、この接続回路(42)は、前記電気モータ(14)が前記モータコントローラ(24)に接続されるまでは、前記モータコントローラ(24)のプロセッサ(38)を前記主電源から独立した電源(22)には接続しないことを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項1〜21のいずれかに記載の機械において、前記電気モータ(14)が3つのモータ巻線を含むことを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項1〜22のいずれかに記載の機械において、前記外科用機械(10)の回転速度範囲全体(54,56)は、低速回転用の少なくとも1つの低速回転速度範囲(54)と、この少なくとも1つの低速回転速度範囲(54)よりも高速回転用の少なくとも1つの高速回転速度範囲(56)と、に分割され、前記モータコントローラ(24)は、前記少なくとも1つの低速回転速度範囲(54)において前記空間ベクトルパルス幅変調(SVPWM)方法(A)を実施可能であるように設計されていることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項23に記載の機械において、前記外科用機械(10)を制御及び/又は調整する第2の方法であるパルス幅変調(PWM)方法(B)を、前記少なくとも1つの高速回転速度範囲(56)において実施可能であることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項23又は24に記載の機械において、前記少なくとも1つの低速回転速度範囲(54)と少なくとも1つの高速回転速度範囲(56)の間の回転速度限界値(Dlimit1、Dlimit2)が変更可能であることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項23〜25のいずれかに記載の機械において、前記モータコントローラ(24)は、前記空間ベクトルパルス幅変調(SVPWM)方法(A)から前記パルス幅変調(PWM)方法(B)への切り替えが、第1の切り替え回転速度(Dlimit1)で発生し、かつ、パルス幅変調(PWM)方法(B)から空間ベクトルパルス幅変調(SVPWM)方法(A)への切り替えが、第2の切り替え回転速度(Dlimit2)で発生するように設計されていることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項23〜26のいずれかに記載の機械において、前記モータコントローラ(24)は、前記空間ベクトルパルス幅変調(SVPWM)方法(A)から前記パルス幅変調(PWM)方法(B)への切り替えが、前記少なくとも1つの低速回転速度範囲(54)から少なくとも1つの高速回転速度範囲(56)への移行時に自動的に発生し、その逆もしかりとなるように設計されていることを特徴とするもの。
- ロータ及び少なくとも2つのモータ巻線を備えるセンサレス電気モータと、前記電気モータを制御及び/又は調整するためのモータコントローラとを有する外科用機械の制御及び/又は調整方法であって、
空間ベクトルパルス幅変調(SVPWM)方法が前記モータコントローラにより実施されることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項28に記載の方法において、前記モータコントローラが制御ユニットとパワーユニットを含むことを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項29に記載の方法において、前記パワーユニットは、前記少なくとも2つのモータ巻線に対してそれぞれ2つのパワートランジスタを含むとことを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項28〜30のいずれかに記載の方法において、前記電気モータがブラシレスDCモータであるとことを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項28〜31のいずれかに記載の方法において、前記電気モータのロータ位置は、前記少なくとも2つのモータ巻線への電流供給を制御及び/又は調整することで決定されることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項32記載の方法において、前記電気モータのロータ位置を決定するために、前記少なくとも2つのモータ巻線の少なくとも一方が前記機械の電源から時間間隔tinterruptの間分離可能であり、前記少なくとも2つのモータ巻線の前記少なくとも1つにおけるCEMF(逆起電力)が前記時間間隔tinterrupt中に測定可能であり、前記ロータの実位置は前記測定されたCEMF(逆起電力)から計算することができることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項33に記載の方法において、全てのモータ巻線は、時間間隔tinterruptの間、前記機械の電源から同時に分離可能であることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項33又は34に記載の方法において、前記少なくとも2つのモータ巻線に印加される電圧は、前記時間間隔tinterruptの開始時又は開始前、或いはCEMF(逆起電力)の測定前において測定可能であり、最低電圧が測定されるモータ巻線は、所定の電位に接続可能であることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項35に記載の方法において、前記所定の電位は、グランドであることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項33〜36のいずれかに記載の方法において、前記時間間隔tinterruptの間、移行時間ttransientが経過する迄は前記CEMF(逆起電力)の測定を行わないことを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項33〜37のいずれかに記載の方法において、CEMF(逆起電力)を決定するために、電圧の挙動がモータ巻線で測定可能であるか、又は、モータ巻線が前記所定の電位に接続されておらず、かつ、前記移行時間ttransientは、モータ巻線に印加される電圧又は前記所定の電位に接続されていないモータ巻線の電圧が時間の経過により一定もしくはほぼ一定となるまでの時間tconstantに少なくとも対応することを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項33〜38のいずれかに記載の方法において、前記時間間隔tinterruptに対して一定値が予め定められていることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項33〜38のいずれかに記載の方法において、前記機械の操作中に前記時間間隔tinterruptが変更されることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項40に記載の方法において、前記時間間隔tinterruptは、この時間間隔tinterruptの間に、モータ巻線に印加される電圧又は前記所定の電位に接続されていないモータ巻線の電圧がその時間の経過により一定又はほぼ一定とみなせるように予め定められていることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項40又は41に記載の方法において、前記時間tconstantが前記時間間隔tinterruptよりも大きいときは前記時間間隔tinterruptが増加され、及び/又は前記時間tconstantが前記時間間隔tinterruptよりも小さい場合は前記時間間隔tinterruptが減少されることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項40〜42のいずれかに記載の方法において、前記時間間隔tinterruptが周期的に変更、特に、増加又は減少され、この変更は段階的、特に回転毎になされることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項33〜43のいずれかに記載の方法において、CEMF(逆起電力)の測定後、全てのモータラインが前記機械の前記電源に再接続されることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項33〜44のいずれかに記載の方法において、前記ロータの特定の位置を、CEMF(逆起電力)の測定により決定される前記ロータの実際の位置と比較可能であり、前記空間ベクトルパルス幅変調(SVPWM)のフィールド角は前記ロータの前記特定の位置と前記実際の位置との間から決定される差に応じて調整可能であることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項33〜45のいずれかに記載の方法において、前記少なくとも2つのモータ巻線の少なくとも1つのモータ電流が0にまで下落した後にのみ前記CEMF(逆起電力)の測定が可能であることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項28〜46のいずれかに記載の方法において、前記機械への電源供給のために、主電源から独立した電源、特に電池が用いられることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項47に記載の方法において、前記主電源から独立した電源及び前記モータコントローラが1つのユニットを形成し、前記ユニットは、前記機械を操作させる前に前記機械に接続されることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項47又は48に記載の方法において、前記電気モータが前記モータコントローラに接続されるまでは、前記モータコントローラのプロセッサは前記主電源から独立した電源に接続されないことを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項28〜49のいずれかに記載の方法において、3つのモータ巻線を備えた電気モータが使用されることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項28〜50のいずれかに記載の方法において、前記外科用機械の回転速度範囲全体は、低速回転用の少なくとも1つの低速回転速度範囲と、この少なくとも1つの低速回転速度範囲よりも高速回転用の少なくとも1つの高速回転速度範囲と、に分割され、前記少なくとも1つの低速回転速度範囲において前記空間ベクトルパルス幅変調(SVPWM)方法が実施されることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項51に記載の方法において、前記外科用機械を制御及び/又は調整する第2の方法であるパルス幅変調(PWM)方法を、前記少なくとも1つの高速回転速度範囲において実施することを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項51又は52に記載の方法において、前記少なくとも1つの低速回転速度範囲と少なくとも1つの高速回転速度範囲の間の回転速度限界値が変更されることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項51〜53のいずれかに記載の方法において、前記空間ベクトルパルス幅変調(SVPWM)方法から前記パルス幅変調(PWM)方法への切り替えが、第1の切り替え回転速度で発生し、かつ、パルス幅変調(PWM)方法から空間ベクトルパルス幅変調(SVPWM)方法への切り替えが、第2の切り替え回転速度で発生されることを特徴とするもの。
- 請求項51〜54のいずれかに記載の方法において、前記空間ベクトルパルス幅変調(SVPWM)方法から前記パルス幅変調(PWM)方法への切り替えが、前記少なくとも1つの低速回転速度範囲から少なくとも1つの高速回転速度範囲への移行時に自動的に発生し、その逆もしかりとされていることを特徴とするもの。
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DE102004038415.0 | 2004-07-30 | ||
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US20080118234A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 |
DE502005011340D1 (de) | 2011-06-16 |
US20070154192A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
EP1771941B1 (de) | 2011-05-04 |
ES2362786T3 (es) | 2011-07-13 |
US7362062B2 (en) | 2008-04-22 |
WO2006012990A1 (de) | 2006-02-09 |
DE102004038415A1 (de) | 2006-03-23 |
US7514890B2 (en) | 2009-04-07 |
ATE508527T1 (de) | 2011-05-15 |
JP4769249B2 (ja) | 2011-09-07 |
EP1771941A1 (de) | 2007-04-11 |
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