JP2008201790A - プロテアーゼ阻害剤 - Google Patents
プロテアーゼ阻害剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008201790A JP2008201790A JP2008098616A JP2008098616A JP2008201790A JP 2008201790 A JP2008201790 A JP 2008201790A JP 2008098616 A JP2008098616 A JP 2008098616A JP 2008098616 A JP2008098616 A JP 2008098616A JP 2008201790 A JP2008201790 A JP 2008201790A
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- gene
- copd
- protease inhibitor
- mouse
- thioredoxin
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Abstract
【解決手段】(1)チオレドキシン、(2)チオレドキシンのアミノ酸配列のうち1若しくは数個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換若しくは付加されたアミノ酸配列からなりかつチオレドキシンと同等の活性を有する蛋白質、(3)(1)をコードする遺伝子、(4)(2)をコードする遺伝子から選択される、少なくとも一種類以上を有効成分として含み、カスパーゼ−1の阻害作用を有することを特徴とするプロテアーゼ阻害剤とする。
【選択図】なし
Description
(2)チオレドキシンのアミノ酸配列のうち、1若しくは数個のアミノ酸が欠失,置換若しくは付加されたアミノ酸配列からなりかつチオレドキシンと同等の活性を有するタンパク質
(3)(1)をコードする遺伝子
(4)(2)をコードする遺伝子
プロテアーゼとは、蛋白質分解酵素のことであるが、例えば、メタロプロテアーゼ、システインプロテアーゼ、セリンプロテアーゼ、アスパラギン酸プロテアーゼ(酸性プロテアーゼ)等が挙げられる。
MMPとは、動物細胞の細胞間の接着性マトリックス・タンパク質を加水分解し、細胞分裂や形態形成、さらにはガン転移に関与している亜鉛含有プロテアーゼである。MMPとしては、MMP−1,2,・・・28等30種類近くが同定されている。
カスパーゼ,パパイン(papain)等が挙げられる。カスパーゼとしては、カスパーゼ−1,
2,3・・等20種類近くが挙げられるが、中でもカスパーゼ−1、−3や−9が、本発
明のプロテアーゼ阻害剤のターゲットとして重要である。
本発明のプロテアーゼ阻害剤の有効成分として用いられるものとしては、下記(1)乃至(4)単独の他、これらの組み合わせ等が挙げられる。
(1)チオレドキシンファミリーに属するポリペプチド類
(2)チオレドキシンファミリーに属するポリペプチド類のアミノ酸配列のうち、1若しくは数個のアミノ酸が欠失,置換若しくは付加されたアミノ酸配列からなりかつチオレドキシンファミリーに属するポリペプチド類と同等の活性を有するタンパク質
(3)(1)をコードする遺伝子
(4)(2)をコードする遺伝子
(A)ヒト由来の細胞株から抽出する方法(特開平1−85097号公報等参照)。
(B)遺伝子組換え法を用いる方法(特開平1−85097号公報等参照)。
(C)ペプチド合成法を用いる(特開平5−139992号公報等参照)。
例えば、LTB4 antagonists (例えばLY29311, SC-53228, CP-105,696, SB201146, BIIL284)、5'-Lipxygenase inhibitors (例えばzileutin, Bayx1005)、Chemokine inhibitors、IL-8 antagonists (例えばSB225002; CXCR2 antagonists)、TNF inhibitors (例えばmonoclonal Ab, soluble receptors, MMP inhibitors)、Antioxydants (例えばNAC, NAL, グルタチオン,スーパーオキシドジスムターゼ等)、Prostanoid inhibitors (例えばCOX-2 inhibitors, thromboxane antagonists、isoprostane receptor antagonists)、iNOS inhibitor 等
例えば、Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors (例えばSB207499, CP80633, CDP-840)、Adhesion inhibitors (例えばanti-CD11/CD18, anti-ICAM1, E-selectin inhibitors)、Prostaglandin E analogs (例えばmisoprostil, butaprost)、サイトカイン(例えばIL-10)、Colchicine、Macrolide antibiotics (例えばerythromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin)等
例えば、Neutrophil elastase inhibitors (例えばICI200355, ONO-5046, MR-889, L658,758)、Cathepsin inhibitors (例えばsuramin)、Matrix metalloprotease inhibitors (例えばbatimastat, marimastat、KBR7785)、alpha1-antitrypsin (例えばpurified, human recombinant, gene transfer)、Secretory leukoprotease inhibitor、Elafin等
例えば免疫抑制剤FK506等
テオフィリン等のキサンチン誘導体,β2受容体刺激剤,抗コリン剤,抗アレルギー用剤,副腎皮質ホルモン剤及び吸入ステロイド等のステロイド剤等
ウイルスの中では、レトロウイルス、アデノウイルス、アデノ関連ウイルス、ワクシニアウイルス等が好ましく、特にアデノウイルスが好ましい。
本発明のプロテアーゼ阻害剤を、上記のような様々な形態で投与すること、あるいは、本発明のプロテアーゼ阻害剤である遺伝子を、遺伝子治療において用いることによって、予防又は治療することができる。
[伝統的COPD動物モデル]
本発明において、COPD抑制効果の確認のために用いる肺気腫動物モデルは、文献記載の方法を用いることができるが(Shapiro, S. D. Animal models for COPD. Chest, 117: 223S-227S, 2000)、具体的には、例えば無菌のPBSに懸濁したブタエラスターゼを、シリンジで気管内投与すること等によって作製することができる。
本発明において、COPD抑制効果の確認のために用いる疾患動物モデルとしては、本発明者(星野,特願2004−069835)によって開発された、新たなCOPD動物モデルも用いることができる。その作製方法を以下に記載する。
(X1)インターロイキン−18遺伝子
(X2)インターロイキン−18のアミノ酸配列のうち、1若しくは数個のアミノ酸が欠失,置換若しくは付加されたアミノ酸配列からなりかつインターロイキン18と同等の活性を有するタンパク質をコードする遺伝子
(Y1)カスパーゼ−1遺伝子
(Y2)カスパーゼ−1のアミノ酸配列のうち、1若しくは数個のアミノ酸が欠失,置換若しくは付加されたアミノ酸配列からなりかつカスパーゼ−1と同等の活性を有するタンパク質をコードする遺伝子
この動物モデルに導入する組換え遺伝子は、下記(X1)又は(X2)遺伝子(以下、併せて「IL-18遺伝子類」と記載することがある。)、あるいは下記(Y1)又は(Y2)遺伝子(以下、併せて「カスパーゼ1遺伝子類」と記載することがある。)を、肺特異的に発現するプロモーターの制御下に置くことによって、得ることができる。肺特異的に発現するプロモーターとしては、肺構成細胞由来プロモーター等が挙げられ、例えば肺サーファクタントプロモーター又はクララ細胞プロモーター等が挙げられる。
(X2)IL-18のアミノ酸配列のうち、1若しくは数個のアミノ酸が欠失,置換若しくは付加されたアミノ酸配列からなりかつIL-18と同等の活性を有するタンパク質をコードする遺伝子
(Y1)カスパーゼ−1遺伝子
(Y2)カスパーゼ−1のアミノ酸配列のうち、1若しくは数個のアミノ酸が欠失,置換若しくは付加されたアミノ酸配列からなりかつカスパーゼ−1と同等の活性を有するタンパク質をコードする遺伝子
シグナルペプチドとしては、例えばマウスの免疫グロブリン(以下「Ig」と記載する。)κ−チェーン・シグナルペプチド等が挙げられる。
マウスのIgκ−チェーン・シグナルペプチドは、例えば、Carroll, W. L., E. Mendel, S. Levy. 1985. Hybridoma fusion cell lines contain an aberrant kappa transcript. Mol. Immunol. 25:991.等に記載されている。
例えば、Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jan 25;12(2):857-72. Compilation and analysis of sequences upstream from the translational start site in eukaryotic mRNAs. に記載されている。
ポリA配列としては、ウシ由来のポリA配列等が挙げられる。例えば、Goldman, L. A., E. C. Cutrone, S. V. Kotenko, C. D. Krause, J. A. Langer. 1996. Modifications of vectors pEF-BOS, pcDNA1 and pcDNA3 result in improved convenience and expression. BioTechniques 21:1013.等に記載されている。
疾患動物モデルは、例えば次のような方法で、作成することができる。
TRXによる、カスパーゼ−1,MMP−1,MMP−9の抑制効果を調べた。
アッセイ方法:
Thornberry NA (Nature 356(30):768-775,1992)に準じて行った。つまりリコンビナントヒトカスパーゼ−1を用い基質は20μM Ac-YVAD-AMC、37℃3時間反応させAMC(7-amino-4-methylcoumarin)の蛍光量で2回定量した(MDS Pharma Services Japan, 京都に測定委託) 。
リコンビナントMMP−1(ペプチド研究所,京都), リコンビナントMMP−9(ペプチド研究所,京都)を用い、基質は50μM P3163-v(ペプチド研究所,京都):MOCAc‐Pro‐Leu-Gly‐Leu-A2pr(DNP)-Ala-Arg-NH2を用い、37℃で2時間反応させ、蛍光量で2回定量した。
精製TRX 100μg/mLの存在下で、カスパーゼ−1は21%抑制された。また精製TRX 100 μg/mLの存在下でMMP−1,MMP−9がそれぞれ47%、76%抑制された。このことから、TRXには、システインプロテアーゼやメタロプロテアーゼ等のプロテアーゼの抑制効果があることが確認された。
上述した、エラスターゼを用いた伝統的なCOPD動物モデルを使って、剤の効果を確認する実験を行った。8週齢C57BL/6Nマウスを下記1〜4の各群について5匹ずつ用いた。
(第2群)DAY1に、無菌のPBS 100μLに懸濁したブタエラスターゼ(SIGMA社製、0.3U)をシリンジで気管内投与した群(比較例1:病態マウスモデル1)。
(第3群) DAY0からDAY20まで隔日で、TRX投与のコントロールとして無菌のPBS 100μLに懸濁した卵白アルブミン(OVA,SIGMA社製、40μg)を腹腔内投与し、無菌のPBS 100μLに懸濁したブタエラスターゼ(SIGMA社製 カタログ番号E1250、0.3U)を、DAY1にシリンジで気管内投与した群(比較例2:病態マウスモデル2)。
(第4群)DAY0からDAY20まで隔日で、無菌のPBS 100μLに懸濁したヒトリコンビナントTRX(40μg)を腹腔内投与し、無菌のPBS 100μLに懸濁したブタエラスターゼ(SIGMA社製 カタログ番号E1250、0.3U)をDAY1にシリンジで気管内投与した群(実施例2:病因+治療剤投与マウス)。
上述した新規COPD動物モデルを使って、剤の効果を確認する実験を行った。
上述の様にして作製した、7から8週齢のSPC-IL-18TGマウス(各群5匹)に、隔日で0.1mLの無菌のリン酸緩衝液(PBS)(コントロール)もしくは0.2mLに溶解したリコンビナントヒトTRX400μg/mL(つまり一匹あたり40μg)を腹くう内投与した。21日後にマウス肺を回収し、肺組織をHE染色した。
COPD患者10人の外科手術で得た組織及び交通事故等で亡くなった人等の6人の肺組織を、ホルマリン固定しパラフィン切片を作製した。抗ヒトTRX抗体(Serotec製)で免疫組織染色を行った。免疫組織染色は以下の論文の方法に従った。
Kitasato, Y., Hoshino, T., Okamoto, M., Kato, S., Koda, Y., Nagata, N., Kinoshita, M., Koga, H., Yoon, D. Y., Asao, H., Ohmoto, H., Koga, T., Rikimaru, T., and Aizawa, H. Enhanced expression of interleukin-18 and its receptor in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 31: 619-625, 2004.
これに対して、COPD患者の肺病変部には、TRXが強く発現していた。特に浸潤炎症細胞、肺胞上皮や気管支の繊維芽細胞に強く発現していることが確認された(図10,11)。
Claims (2)
- 下記(1)乃至(4)から選択される、少なくとも一種以上を有効成分として含み、カスパーゼ−1の阻害作用を有することを特徴とするプロテアーゼ阻害剤。
(1)チオレドキシン
(2)チオレドキシンのアミノ酸配列のうち、1若しくは数個のアミノ酸が欠失,置換若しくは付加されたアミノ酸配列からなりかつチオレドキシンと同等の活性を有するタンパク質
(3)(1)をコードする遺伝子
(4)(2)をコードする遺伝子 - 前記プロテアーゼ阻害剤が、慢性閉塞性肺疾患の治療又は予防のために使用されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のプロテアーゼ阻害剤。
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