JP2008018251A - 光処置のための虹彩の認識とトラッキング - Google Patents
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- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
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Abstract
【解決手段】像は、その分析からのデータを他の屈折分析装置からのデータに合わせるため、および処置のために、レーザーのような屈折外科器具を目に合わせるために使用される。さらに、処置の前に記憶されている虹彩の像を患者の虹彩と比較し、開発した処置パターンを用いて正しい目が治療されることを確認する。角膜形態システムおよび波面収差システムのような種々の屈折装置を使用できる。
【選択図】図1
Description
図1は、本発明の一実施形態により実現されるシステムを使用する方法の一般的な流れを示す。ブロック10では、診断器具を使用して屈折のデータを得ることに関連して虹彩が映像化される。この映像化と診断器具の使用は多くの形態をとり得る。例えば、レーザー処置に先立ってこの器具がよく使用され得、例えば角膜表面形態システムを使用して角膜または屈折のプロフィールを求めている。あるいは屈折手術の直前にその器具を使用できる。何れにせよ、映像化された虹彩または虹彩の何らかの表示図形は診断器具で明らかにされるデータと共に保持される。
図10を見ると、虹彩Iの画像のデータだけでなく、種々のシステムの間で取得した屈折データまたは処置プロファイルを合わせるため他のタイプのデータも取得される、別の技術が示されている。具体的に図10において、示されるものは、形態システム500、波面システム502およびレーザーシステム503で取得した調整データである。波面システム502が、虹彩Iの画像のデータを取得するのに困難性を有する、または波面データを取得する前に目を完全に広げることが望まれる場合、開示された技術は、そのようなデータ無しに調節が可能であり得る。この場合において、1つの実施形態において、医者は先ず目に基準マーク506を付ける。ついで、この基準マーク506は虹彩508の輪郭に対する回転調整マークとして働く。波面システムは、瞳孔輪郭データ508および基準マーク506と共に波面収差のデータを検出する。
付加的な副次的な利点として、患者が横たわり、虹彩Iの像(図2Cと5)を検出する時に、虹彩を合致させるアルゴリズムは実際の虹彩の像206を合致させるため並進移動、倍率変更、回転および傾きを決定し得るだけでなく、処置されている目Eの妥当性も立証できる。従って、虹彩合致アルゴリズムは特別なレーザー処置が実際に別の患者よりむしろこの患者に適当な処置であることを保証するフェイル−セーフ機構として働く。同様に、このアルゴリズムは一人の患者の二つの虹彩が異なった特徴を持っていても、適当な目Eに処置を施すことを保証するフェイル−セーフ機構として働く。これらのフェイル−セーフ機構は、診断情報を第一の位置で取得し、処置を第二の位置で展開し、この処置を次に第三の位置で加える、分配されたシステムで特に有益である。このシステムは虹彩の特徴を合わせることができないなら、警報を出す。
図12を参照すると、好ましい波面センサ300のブロック図が示してある。この波面センサ300は、考え方ではウイリアムズの波面センサと類似するが、虹彩のデータを受容するため、および目の波面収差を求めるのに使用するセンサへの光スポットの焦点を先鋭化するために特に有益となる特定の特徴を含む。一般に、波面センサ300は目の網膜上に光(典型的にはレーザー)を集束させる、あるいは走査し、次いで目の水晶体および角膜光学系により戻る(つまり網膜から後方散乱した)光を分析し、小レンズ(lenslet)アレイにより結像させる。目の光学系の光収差に基づき、このシステムは、戻る光から全波面収差の分析を進める。一般に、この分析を実施するため、戻った光は小レンズカメラのセンサ上でこの小レンズカメラで形成される実体のない像となる。これらの像から、波面センサは正視あるいはほぼ正視の視力を生む目の光学系にどんな矯正が必要であるかの波面収差マップを開発する。
波面センサ300(および102)はまた、図10に示すように、固定ターゲット334として使用する像を用いる。固定ターゲット334は光源336で照明され、患者を固定させて焦点を合わせ、調節カメラ323はプリズム314により網膜に焦点合わせされる。固定ターゲット334は小レンズアレイ324からの実体のない像がトロンボーン光学系314を調節して小レンズカメラ312のセンサ上に焦点合わせされる時に有用である。このシステムは固定ターゲット334に対する像を与えるのに有利であり、この限定しない例は図10に示す水面上の帆船であり、単なる固定点ではない。固定ターゲット334は目Eおよび患者の脳に、焦点合わせする絵のようなあるいは実際の絵の像またはシーン−目Eで実際に眺める何らかの物体またはシーン−を与える。絵のような像で目を慣らすことは典型的に一点に焦点を合わせることよりも達成することが容易である。固定ターゲットの像により目Eは、あたかも像が遠くになったかのように、無限遠に焦点を合わせる。これは実体のない像に焦点を合わせるまたは波面センサのデータを取得する間に目Eの順応もしくは回転の効果をなくするまたは減らすのに助けになり得る。換言すれば、固定ターゲットの像は目Eが無限遠より近くに焦点を合わせることを防止する、または或る程度防止することを助ける。
本発明の今までの開示と説明は、図解的であり、説明のためのものである。また、図示した装置や配置および操作方法の詳細の種々の変更は、本発明の趣旨から逸脱することなく行える。
Claims (28)
- 目の調整と特徴付けを行うシステムであって、以下:
該目の選択した領域内にマーカーを設けるための手段;
該マーカーが第一の像の一部を形成する虹彩の像を含む、広がっていない瞳孔の該目の第一の像を得るための手段;
該目の瞳孔を広げるための手段;
該広がった瞳孔を含む該目の第二の像を得るための手段;
該広がった瞳孔を有する該目の診断屈折測定を行うための手段;および
該目の屈折矯正のために該診断測定から光屈折処置を行うための手段、
を備える、システム。 - 前記診断測定は前記目からの波面測定である、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記マーカーは染料または染料に基づくマークである、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記染料は赤外光で可視である、請求項3に記載のシステム。
- 前記染料は前記マーカーを適用した後に少なくとも約15分から1時間の間、可視である、請求項4に記載のシステム。
- 前記マーカーは前記目の中心領域から半径方向に延びる近位部分を有する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記マーカーの遠位部分は、前記目のカラーレット領域を横断する、請求項6に記載のシステム。
- 前記マーカーの遠位部分は前記マーカーの近位部分と共通線上にない、請求項7に記載のシステム。
- 前記マーカーはレーザーマークである、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記レーザーマークはホルミウム・レーザーの手段により形成される、請求項9に記載のシステム。
- 前記処置手段はLASIKを含み、そしてさらに前記マーカーは角膜フラップが角膜から離れた後に検出可能である、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- さらに、それぞれの像の中の少なくともマーカーを比較して、前記第二の像を前記第一の像に合わせる溜めの手段を備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記光屈折処置を行うための手段は前記診断処置を前記マーカーに対して調整するための手段を含む、請求項12に記載のシステム。
- 前記の調整手段は前記第一の像から虹彩のパターンを認識することを含む、請求項13に記載のシステム。
- 前記虹彩パターンの認識は虹彩のグレースケールプロフィールを発生するための虹彩のグレースケール分析を含む、請求項14に記載のシステム。
- 前記マーカーは前記グレースケールプロフィールを横断する、請求項15に記載のシステム。
- さらに、前記第一の像を得る時に診断屈折測定を行うための手段を備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- さらに、前記波面測定と前記処置の実施後に企画した時間遅れなしに前記光屈折処置を行うための手段を備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記第一と前記第二の像からマーカーを合わせて前記光屈折処置を調整するための手段を備える、請求項18に記載のシステム。
- さらに、前記波面測定と前記処置を実施の続く企画した時間遅れの後に前記光屈折処置を行うための手段を備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 処置時間に虹彩の像を得て、該虹彩の像を前記第一の像の中の虹彩の像に合わせるための手段を備える、請求項20に記載のシステム。
- さらに、前記行った処置を実施する前に該行った処置を前記第一の像に合わせることを確認するための手段を備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- さらに、前記行った処置を実施する前に該行った処置を前記目に合わせることを表示するための手段を備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- さらに、前記行った処置が最終的に前記目に合うように調整が確認されない場合、該目の位置を調節する工程および該行った処置を調節するための手段の少なくとも一方を備える、請求項22に記載のシステム。
- さらに、前記光屈折処置の間に選択した時に前記調整を確認するための手段を備える、請求項22に記載のシステム。
- さらに、前記光屈折処置の間にリアルタイムで前記調整を確認するための手段を備える、請求項22に記載のシステム。
- 前記屈折診断測定のための手段は角膜形態測定と厚度計測の少なくとも一方を含む、請求項17に記載のシステム。
- 前記マーカーは前記目の並進移動と回転に関する情報を提供する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
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DE19950791A DE19950791A1 (de) | 1999-10-21 | 1999-10-21 | Iriserkennung und -nachführung zum Behandeln optischer Ungleichmäßigkeiten des Auges |
DE19950790A DE19950790A1 (de) | 1999-10-21 | 1999-10-21 | Spezifische Hornhautmodellierung |
DE10014479A DE10014479A1 (de) | 2000-03-23 | 2000-03-23 | Iriserkennung und -nachführung zum Behandeln optischer Ungleichmäßigkeiten des Auges |
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JP2001531073A Expired - Fee Related JP4067825B2 (ja) | 1999-10-21 | 2000-10-20 | 光処置のための虹彩の認識とトラッキング |
JP2007202907A Expired - Fee Related JP5105514B2 (ja) | 1999-10-21 | 2007-08-03 | 光処置のための虹彩の認識とトラッキング |
JP2007202908A Pending JP2008018251A (ja) | 1999-10-21 | 2007-08-03 | 光処置のための虹彩の認識とトラッキング |
JP2011261698A Expired - Lifetime JP5519620B2 (ja) | 1999-10-21 | 2011-11-30 | 光処置のための虹彩の認識とトラッキング |
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