JP2008016560A - 電気二重層キャパシタ - Google Patents
電気二重層キャパシタ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2008016560A JP2008016560A JP2006184773A JP2006184773A JP2008016560A JP 2008016560 A JP2008016560 A JP 2008016560A JP 2006184773 A JP2006184773 A JP 2006184773A JP 2006184773 A JP2006184773 A JP 2006184773A JP 2008016560 A JP2008016560 A JP 2008016560A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fluorine
- iii
- electrolyte
- electric double
- layer capacitor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 150
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004693 imidazolium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 49
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000002221 fluorine Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910018286 SbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- LTMRRSWNXVJMBA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2,2-diethylpropanedioate Chemical compound CCC(CC)(C([O-])=O)C([O-])=O LTMRRSWNXVJMBA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- KPHGPGZVOHOUNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N S1(=O)(=O)CCCC1.[F] Chemical class S1(=O)(=O)CCCC1.[F] KPHGPGZVOHOUNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001412 inorganic anion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
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Abstract
【解決手段】正極と負極と非水系電解液とを含む電気二重層キャパシタであって、非水系電解液が、含フッ素メチル基で置換された含フッ素ラクトン(I)と電解質塩(II)とを含む電解液である電気二重層キャパシタ。
【選択図】図1
Description
(III-1)フッ素原子を有していてもよい環状カーボネート、
(III-2)フッ素原子を有していてもよい鎖状カーボネート、
(III-3)式(I)で示される含フッ素ラクトン(I)以外のフッ素原子を有していてもよいラクトン、
(III-4)フッ素原子を有していてもよいスルホラン誘導体、および
(III-5)上記以外の非フッ素系電解質塩溶解用溶媒
(III-6)上記以外の含フッ素系電解質塩溶解用溶媒
の少なくとも1種が好ましい。
これらには、含フッ素環状カーボネート(III-1a)とフッ素原子を含まない非フッ素系環状カーボネート(III-1b)がある。
これらには、含フッ素鎖状カーボネート(III-2a)とフッ素原子を含まない非フッ素系鎖状カーボネート(III-2b)がある。
式(III-2a2):
式(III-2a3):
HCFX1c−
(式中、X1cはHまたはF)で示される部位を末端に有しかつフッ素含有率が10〜76質量%である含フッ素エーテル基;R2cは水素原子がハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよく、ヘテロ原子を鎖中に含んでいてもよいアルキル基)で示される鎖状カーボネートなども併用してもよい。特に、高耐電圧が必要なキャパシタ用途では、他の電解質塩溶解用溶媒(III)として上記の含フッ素鎖状カーボネートを用いることが望ましい。
これらには、含フッ素ラクトン(III-3a)とフッ素原子を含まない非フッ素系ラクトン(III-3b)がある。
式:
などがあげられる。
これらには、含フッ素スルホラン誘導体(III-4a)とフッ素原子を含まない非フッ素系スルホラン誘導体(III-4b)がある。
従来より電解質塩溶解用溶媒として使用されている非フッ素系のエステル系溶媒、ニトリル系溶媒、フラン類、オキソラン類などが例示できる。
そのほか、含フッ素エーテル系溶媒、含フッ素エステル系溶媒なども併用できる。
式(IIA):
式(IIA-1):
式(IIA-2):
などがあげられる。アルキルエーテル基を導入することにより、粘性の低下が図れる。
式(IIB):
式(IIC):
式(IID):
が好ましい。
P−(D)−Q (1−1)
[式中、Dは式(2−1):
−(D1)n−(FAE)m−(AE)p−(Y)q− (2−1)
(式中、D1は、式(2a):
FAEは、式(2b):
AEは、式(2c):
Yは、式(2d−1)〜(2d−3):
nは0〜200の整数;mは0〜200の整数;pは0〜10000の整数;qは1〜100の整数;ただしn+mは0ではなく、D1、FAE、AEおよびYの結合順序は特定されない);
PおよびQは同じかまたは異なり、水素原子、フッ素原子および/または架橋性官能基を含んでいてもよいアルキル基、フッ素原子および/または架橋性官能基を含んでいてもよいフェニル基、−COOH基、−OR14(R14は水素原子またはフッ素原子および/または架橋性官能基を含んでいてもよいアルキル基)、エステル基またはカーボネート基(ただし、Dの末端が酸素原子の場合は−COOH基、−OR14、エステル基およびカーボネート基ではない)]で表される側鎖に含フッ素基を有する非晶性含フッ素ポリエーテル化合物である。
19F−NMR:
測定条件:282MHz(トリクロロフルオロメタン=0ppm)
1H−NMR:
測定条件:300MHz(テトラメチルシラン=0ppm)
Perkin Elmer社製フーリエ変換赤外分光光度計1760Xで室温にて測定する。
装置:GC17A GAS CHROMATOGRAPH((株)島津製作所製)
測定条件:100℃で5分間保持した後20℃/分で230℃まで昇温し、230℃で10分間保持する。
使用カラム:DB624
酸素フラスコ燃焼法により試料10mgを燃焼し、分解ガスを脱イオン水20mlに吸収させ、吸収液中のフッ素イオン濃度をフッ素選択電極法(フッ素イオンメーター、オリオン社製 901型)で測定することにより求める(質量%)。
窒素雰囲気下、還流管、滴下ロート、温度計を備えた500ml容の四つ口フラスコに、ナトリウムエトキサイド(86ml:245mmol)、エタノール100mlを入れて攪拌した。つづいてマロン酸ジエチル(37.5g:234mmol)を30℃に保ちながら滴下して反応を開始した。マロン酸ジエチルの滴下終了後、1,1,1−トリフルオロ−2,3−エポキシプロパン(25g:223mmol)を滴下すると、発熱を伴って反応が進んだ。発熱が収まった時点で反応系を80℃に調整し30分間攪拌した。ついでKOH溶液(16g:285mmol)を滴下した。このとき、気体の発生を確認した。気体の発生が観測できなくなった時点で温度を下げ、反応液をHCl溶液に注いだ。得られた液は酸性であった。この液を酢酸エチルで抽出し、酢酸エチルを留去後、蒸留により精製し、目的化合物(沸点(3mmHg)=64℃)を12g得た(収率40%)。
19F−NMR:(neat):−79.29〜−72.26ppm(3F)
1H−NMR:(neat):2.28〜2.43ppm(1H)、2.55〜2.70ppm(3H)、5.01〜5.14ppm(1H)
またIR測定によりカルボニル基の伸縮振動を1801cm-1に確認した。
500ml容のオートクレーブに無水コハク酸(20g:200mmol)、亜鉛(26.7g:0.41mmol)、BrCH2CH2Br(1滴)、I2(0.25g:0.98mmol)、CH3CN(152g:3700mmol)およびピリジン(64g:0.80mmol)を入れ、オートクレーブ内を真空下にし、その状態で5分間攪拌した。つづいてCF3I(90g:563mmol)を導入し反応を開始したところ、発熱し50℃となった。その後反応系を10〜20℃に保って1.5時間攪拌した。反応終了後、反応溶液を取り出し、酢酸エチル(300ml)を加えて攪拌した後濾過し、亜鉛を除去した。ついで1N−HCl溶液で濾液を3回クエンチし、分液により上層を採取した。採取した上層をエバポレータにより濃縮し、得られた濃縮物を蒸留により精製し、目的化合物を8.8g得た(収率20%)。
19F−NMR:(neat):−77.93〜−77.90ppm(6F)
1H−NMR:(neat):3.62〜3.81ppm(4H)
合成例1で得た含フッ素ラクトンに、電解質塩として4フッ化ホウ酸3エチルメチルアンモニウム[Et3MeNBF4]を1モル/リットルとなるように添加して電解液を調製した。この電解液について、以下に示す方法により溶解性および耐電圧を調べた。溶解性の結果を表1に、耐電圧の結果を図1に示す。
溶液に4フッ化ホウ酸トリエチルメチルアンモニウム[Et3MeNBF4]を室温で1モル/リットルになるように加え、充分に攪拌し、目視で溶解性を観察する。
○:均一に溶解した。
△:若干懸濁している状態となった。
×:不溶分が沈殿した。
3電極式電圧測定セル(作用極、対極:白金(なお、対極と作用極の面積比を5:1とする)、参照極:Ag。宝泉(株)製のHSセル)に電解液を入れ、ポテンシオスタットで3mV/secで電位走引し、分解電流を測定する。
含フッ素ラクトンとして合成例2で得たものを用いたほかは実施例1と同様にして電解液を調製し、その溶解性を調べた。結果を表1に示す。
溶媒としてプロピレンカーボネートを用いたほかは実施例1と同様にして電解液を調製し、その耐電圧を調べた。結果を図2に示す。
活性炭(商品名:LPR100。日本エンバイロケミカル(株)製)85質量部、カーボンブラック(商品名:デンカブラック。電気化学工業(株)製)10質量部、エラストマー系バインダ(商品名:AD181。日本ゼオン(株)製)5質量部(固形分)、カルボキシメチルセルロース(商品名:DN800H。ダイセル(株)製)3質量部、および水200質量部を攪拌機で30分間混練し、スラリーを調製した。
Claims (7)
- 前記式(I)において、X3および/またはX4が含フッ素メチル基である請求項1記載の電気二重層キャパシタ。
- 前記含フッ素ラクトンにおいて、ラクトン環を構成している炭素原子に結合している含フッ素メチル基以外の原子が、Fおよび/またはHである請求項1または2記載の電気二重層キャパシタ。
- 前記電解質塩(II)が、アンモニウム塩である請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の電気二重層キャパシタ。
- 前記電解質塩(II)が、テトラアルキル4級アンモニウム塩、スピロビピリジニウム塩またはイミダゾリウム塩である請求項4記載の電気二重層キャパシタ。
- 耐電圧が3.5V以上である請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の電気二重層キャパシタ。
- 耐電圧が4.0V以上である請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の電気二重層キャパシタ。
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Cited By (4)
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WO2009035085A1 (ja) * | 2007-09-12 | 2009-03-19 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | 電解液 |
WO2010098116A1 (ja) * | 2009-02-25 | 2010-09-02 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 電気二重層キャパシタ |
WO2011149044A1 (ja) * | 2010-05-28 | 2011-12-01 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 電気二重層キャパシタ |
JP5392355B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-11 | 2014-01-22 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 電気二重層キャパシタ |
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JP2001143750A (ja) * | 1999-11-15 | 2001-05-25 | Central Glass Co Ltd | 電気化学ディバイス用電解液 |
JP2001256983A (ja) * | 2000-03-13 | 2001-09-21 | Central Glass Co Ltd | 電気化学ディバイス用電解液 |
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JPS54127561A (en) * | 1978-03-27 | 1979-10-03 | Nippon Electric Co | Double layer condenser |
JPH11238652A (ja) * | 1997-12-25 | 1999-08-31 | Mitsui Chem Inc | 電気二重層コンデンサ用非水電解液および非水電気二重層コンデンサ |
JP2001143750A (ja) * | 1999-11-15 | 2001-05-25 | Central Glass Co Ltd | 電気化学ディバイス用電解液 |
JP2001256983A (ja) * | 2000-03-13 | 2001-09-21 | Central Glass Co Ltd | 電気化学ディバイス用電解液 |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009035085A1 (ja) * | 2007-09-12 | 2009-03-19 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | 電解液 |
JPWO2009035085A1 (ja) * | 2007-09-12 | 2010-12-24 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 電解液 |
JP5234000B2 (ja) * | 2007-09-12 | 2013-07-10 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 電解液 |
WO2010098116A1 (ja) * | 2009-02-25 | 2010-09-02 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 電気二重層キャパシタ |
JP2010226100A (ja) * | 2009-02-25 | 2010-10-07 | Daikin Ind Ltd | 電気二重層キャパシタ |
KR101242261B1 (ko) | 2009-02-25 | 2013-03-11 | 다이킨 고교 가부시키가이샤 | 전기 이중층 캐패시터 |
JP5392355B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-11 | 2014-01-22 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 電気二重層キャパシタ |
WO2011149044A1 (ja) * | 2010-05-28 | 2011-12-01 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 電気二重層キャパシタ |
JP2011249673A (ja) * | 2010-05-28 | 2011-12-08 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | 電気二重層キャパシタ |
CN103003904A (zh) * | 2010-05-28 | 2013-03-27 | 独立行政法人产业技术综合研究所 | 双电层电容器 |
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