JP4645648B2 - 電解液 - Google Patents
電解液 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4645648B2 JP4645648B2 JP2007503653A JP2007503653A JP4645648B2 JP 4645648 B2 JP4645648 B2 JP 4645648B2 JP 2007503653 A JP2007503653 A JP 2007503653A JP 2007503653 A JP2007503653 A JP 2007503653A JP 4645648 B2 JP4645648 B2 JP 4645648B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- carbonate
- formula
- group
- electrolyte
- fluorine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 64
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 67
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 42
- -1 hydrocarbon carbonate Chemical class 0.000 description 35
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 23
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 22
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 17
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical class [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 9
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 9
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920001774 Perfluoroether Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- MYWGVEGHKGKUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.C=C.OC(O)=O MYWGVEGHKGKUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 4
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- AQYSYJUIMQTRMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypofluorous acid Chemical compound FO AQYSYJUIMQTRMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910017008 AsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- NZSICTQUKULOSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-azoniaspiro[4.4]nonane Chemical class C1CCC[N+]21CCCC2 NZSICTQUKULOSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013385 LiN(SO2C2F5)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910020808 NaBF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018286 SbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- METIGIXCFPEQNM-UHFFFAOYSA-M amino-(2-bromoethyl)-dimethylazanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[N+](C)(N)CCBr METIGIXCFPEQNM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl carbonate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229910001412 inorganic anion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002891 organic anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)C(CN1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEKLDGQKEZAPFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(ethylamino)-1-(3-methylphenyl)propan-1-one Chemical compound CCNC(C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC(C)=C1 GEKLDGQKEZAPFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJLUBHOZZTYQIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[5-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C1=NN=C(O1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 YJLUBHOZZTYQIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBUOHGKIOVRDKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound CC1COCO1 SBUOHGKIOVRDKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910016467 AlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XODDKGIITWSZPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ClC(=O)[ClH](Cl)(Cl)Cl Chemical compound ClC(=O)[ClH](Cl)(Cl)Cl XODDKGIITWSZPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012424 LiSO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012093 Myrtus ugni Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PHXQIAWFIIMOKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N NClO Chemical compound NClO PHXQIAWFIIMOKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 244000061461 Tema Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DBDNZCBRIPTLJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron(1-) monohydride Chemical compound [BH-] DBDNZCBRIPTLJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZFTFAPZRGNKQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicarbonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)OC(O)=O ZFTFAPZRGNKQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BXHHZLMBMOBPEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl-(2-methoxyethyl)-methylazanium Chemical class CC[N+](C)(CC)CCOC BXHHZLMBMOBPEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003759 ester based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000592 inorganic polymer Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QZIQJVCYUQZDIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N mechlorethamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.ClCCN(C)CCCl QZIQJVCYUQZDIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009840 oxygen flask method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- FFZANLXOAFSSGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphide(1-) Chemical compound [P-] FFZANLXOAFSSGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQKDTTWZXHEGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl carbonochloridate Chemical compound CCCOC(Cl)=O QQKDTTWZXHEGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940029284 trichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UCPYLLCMEDAXFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)OC(=O)OC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UCPYLLCMEDAXFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/022—Electrolytes; Absorbents
- H01G9/035—Liquid electrolytes, e.g. impregnating materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M6/162—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte
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Description
(i)直鎖型の最小構造単位:
−CH2−、−CHF−、−CF2−、−CHCl−、−CFCl−、−CCl2−
(ii)分岐型の最小構造単位:
つぎに好ましいωHフルオロアルキル基含有含フッ素鎖状カーボネートの具体例を示すが、これらのみに限定されるものではない。
Rf1−OH
または
Rf2−OH
(式中、Rf1およびRf2は前記と同じ)で示されるフルオロアルコールの1種または2種をつぎの反応に供する方法が例示できる。
(1)塩基性条件下、COCl2、COF2、トリホスゲンなどのホスゲンと反応させる。
(2)塩基触媒または酸触媒の存在下に式(Ic):
(3)塩基触媒または酸触媒の存在下に式(Id):
(4)塩基性条件下に式(Ie):
(5)Rf1−OHまたはRf2−OHを当量または過剰量のホスゲンやトリクロロホスゲンの存在下で反応させて
A−(D)−B (1)
[式中、Dは式(2):
−(D1)n−(FAE)m−(AE)p−(Y)q− (2)
(式中、D1は、式(2a):
FAEは、式(2b):
AEは、式(2c):
Yは、式(2d−1)〜(2d−3):
nは0〜200の整数;mは0〜200の整数;pは0〜10000の整数;qは1〜100の整数;ただしn+mは0ではなく、D1、FAE、AEおよびYの結合順序は特定されない);
AおよびBは同じかまたは異なり、水素原子、フッ素原子および/または架橋性官能基を含んでいてもよいアルキル基、フッ素原子および/または架橋性官能基を含んでいてもよいフェニル基、−COOH基、−OR14(R14は水素原子またはフッ素原子および/または架橋性官能基を含んでいてもよいアルキル基)、エステル基またはカーボネート基(ただし、Dの末端が酸素原子の場合は−COOH基、−OR14、エステル基およびカーボネート基ではない)]で表される側鎖に含フッ素基を有する非晶性含フッ素ポリエーテル化合物である。
NMR:BRUKER社製のAC−300を使用。
19F−NMR:
測定条件:282MHz(トリクロロフルオロメタン=0ppm)
1H−NMR:
測定条件:300MHz(テトラメチルシラン=0ppm)
IR:
Perkin Elmer社製フーリエ変換赤外分光光度計1760Xで室温にて測定する。
フッ素含有率(質量%):
酸素フラスコ燃焼法により試料10mgを燃焼し、分解ガスを脱イオン水20mlに吸収させ、吸収液中のフッ素イオン濃度をフッ素選択電極法(フッ素イオンメーター、オリオン社製 901型)で測定することにより求める。
撹拌装置を備えた200mlのガラス製3口フラスコの上部にドライアイス・アセトン還流管を取り付け、充分に窒素置換を行なったのち、つぎのフルオロアルコール:HCF2CF2CH2OH60.25g(456mmol)と、ジフェニルカーボネート53.67g(251mmol)を入れた。
1H−NMR:(neat):4.67〜4.78ppm(4H)、5.84〜6.25ppm(2H)
撹拌装置を備えた500mlのガラス製3口フラスコの上部に還流管をつけ水洗トラップ、アルカリトラップに気体がフローできるようにし、またトラップを抜け出た気体はドラフト外に除去できる実験装置を組み反応を行なった。つぎにフルオロアルコール:H(CF2)4CH2OH120.29g(518mmol)、トリエチルアミン54g(517mmol)、THF200mlを反応容器に加え氷浴攪拌を行なった。発熱に注意しながらN2をフローしながらCOF2ガス17〜34g(当量以上)加えた。導入開始時は白煙が生じたが、当量以上導入した時点で白煙を生じなくなった。30分攪拌後反応溶液を1N HCl水溶液で洗浄し下層の目的生成物を採取した。ついで蒸留(0.3mmHg)し、120℃の留分として両末端ωHフルオロアルキルカーボネートを得た(収率93%)。
1H−NMR:(neat): 4.46〜4.56ppm(4H)、5.62〜6.05ppm(2H)
撹拌装置を備えた200mlのガラス製3口フラスコの上部にドライアイス・アセトン還流管を取り付け、充分に窒素置換を行なったのち、つぎのフルオロアルコール:HCF2CF2CH2OH30.13g(228mmol)と、ジフェニルカーボネート53.67g(251mmol)を入れた。
1H−NMR:(neat):5.35〜5.45ppm(4H)、6.49〜6.93ppm(H)
撹拌装置を備えた500mlのガラス製3口フラスコの上部に還流管を取り付け、充分に窒素置換を行なったのち、フルオロアルコール:HCF2CF2CH2OH50.1g(378mmol)、トリエチルアミン46.4g(459mmol)、THF200mlを加え氷浴で攪拌した。その後滴下ロートを用いてクロロギ酸プロピル56.24g(459mmol)を滴下した。反応溶液は塩の生成とともに白濁し、7℃の発熱が確認できた。滴下終了後3時間攪拌。攪拌後1N HClによりクエンチを行ない、下層の目的生成物を採取し純水で2回洗浄した。
1H−NMR:(neat):1.00〜1.06ppm(3H)、1.71〜1.84ppm(2H)、4.20〜4.25ppm(2H)、4.59〜4.69ppm(2H)、5.87〜6.29ppm(H)
エチレンカーボネートおよびジエチレンカーボネートを重量で1対1に混合し、均一な混合溶液を得た。
合成例1、2および3でそれぞれ得たωHフルオロアルキル基を両側に有するカーボネートと、比較合成例1で得たωHフルオロアルキル基と非フッ素アルキル基からなるカーボネートおよび比較合成例2で得た炭化水素系カーボネート混合物について、引火点、粘度、炭化水素系溶剤との相溶性を調べた。更に、上記溶液に、電解質塩としてLiN(SO2C2F5)2を1モル/リットルの濃度になるように配合し、電解液を調製した。この電解液について、耐電圧、電解質塩の溶解性を調べた。結果を表1に示す。
JIS K2265(タグ密閉式)に準じて、溶液の引火点を測定する。
3電極式電圧測定セル(作用極、対極:白金(なお、対極と作用極の面積比を5:1とする)、参照極:Ag。宝泉(株)製のHSセル)に電解液を入れ、ポテンシオスタットで3mV/secで電位走引し、分解電流が0.1mA以上流れなかった範囲を耐電圧(V)とする。
B型回転粘度計(東海八神(株)製のVISCONE CVシリーズ)により、測定粘度範囲1〜500mPa・秒のコーンを用い、回転数60rpm、温度25、0、−20℃で溶液の粘度を測定する。
溶液にLiN(SO2C2F5)2および4フッ化ホウ酸4エチルアンモニウム[(C2H5)4NBF4]をそれぞれ室温で1モル/リットルになるように加え、充分に攪拌し、目視で溶解性を観察する。
○:均一に溶解した。
△:若干懸濁している状態となった。
×:不溶分が沈殿した。
溶液に炭化水素系溶媒を室温で50容量%になるまで加え、充分に攪拌し、目視で溶解性を観察する。使用する炭化水素系溶媒はプロピレンカーボネート(PC)およびジエチレンカーボネート(DEC)とする。
○:均一に溶解した。
×:2相に分離した。
3mlのサンプル瓶に比較合成例2で得たエチレンカーボネート(EC)とジエチレンカーボネート(DEC)の混合溶媒1gを入れ、含フッ素エーテル(CF3CF2CH2OCF2CF2H)を0.5g加えて充分に攪拌したところ、2層に分離した。
つぎの方法でコイン型リチウム二次電池を作製した。
正極活物質としてLiCoO2(85質量%)にカーボンブラック(6質量%)およびポリフッ化ビニリデン(呉羽化学(株)製の商品名KF−1000)(9質量%)を加えて混合し、N−メチル−2−ピロリドンで分散しスラリー状としたもの用い、これを正極集電体である厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔上に均一に塗布し、乾燥後、直径12.5mmの円盤状に打ち抜いて正極とした。
人造黒鉛粉末(テイムカル社製の商品名KS−44)94重量%に蒸留水で分散させたスチレンーブタジエンゴム(SBR)を固形分で6重量%となるように加えてディスパーザーで混合し、スラリー状にしたものを負極集電体である厚さ18μmの銅箔上に均一に塗布し、乾燥後、直径12.5mmの円盤状に打ち抜いて負極とした。
正極集電体をかねるステンレス製の缶体に上記正極を収容し、その上に本発明の電解液を含浸させたポリエチレン製のセパレータを介して上記負極を載置し、この缶体と、負極集電体をかねる封口板とを絶縁用ガスケットを介してかしめて密封し、コイン型リチウム二次電池を作製した。
参考例の電解液2:LiPF6(1M) EC/DEC/合成例1の電解液(1/1/0.1質量%比)である。充放電は1Cにて行った。初期容量と100サイクル後での容量の低下率を調べたところ、容量低下率は5%であった。
参考例の電解液3:LiPF6(1M) EC/DEC/合成例2の電解液(1/1/0.2質量%比)である。充放電は1Cにて行った。初期容量と100サイクル後での容量の低下率を調べたところ、容量低下率は10%であった。
参考例の電解液4:LiPF6(1M) EC/DEC/合成例2の電解液(1/1/0.1質量%比)である。充放電は1Cにて行った。初期容量と100サイクル後での容量の低下率を調べたところ、容量低下率は7%であった。
水蒸気賦活された比表面積2000m2/gのフェノール樹脂系活性炭とポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)とカーボンブラックとの質量比で8:1:1の混合物にエタノールを加えて混練した。これをシート状に成形後、厚さ0.6mmにロール圧延し、得られたシートを直径12mmの円盤に打ち抜き、電極を作製した。
参考例4および5において使用した電解液0.3g、ならびに比較合成例2で調製した電解液0.3g中にヘキサフルオロプロペンを6.9モル%含む数平均分子量150,000のポリフッ化ビニリデン1gを120℃で完全に溶解させ、金属基板上にキャストした。その後、室温で充分冷却し、金属基板から形成された固体電解質膜を剥がして、ゲル型電解質膜(1.3g)を得た。これらのゲル型電解質膜はいずれも固体の自立膜であった。
Claims (9)
- 前記鎖状カーボネート(I)において、Rf1およびRf2が、同じかまたは異なり、いずれも式(Ia−2)で示される部位を末端に有するフルオロアルキル基である請求項1記載の電解液。
- 前記式(Ia−1)において、nが1〜4の整数でmが0〜2の整数である請求項3記載の電解液。
- 前記鎖状カーボネート(I)において、Rf1および/またはRf2が、フッ素含有率が30〜76質量%のフルオロアルキル基である請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の電解液。
- 0℃での粘度が30mPa・秒以下である請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の電解液。
- −20℃での粘度が40mPa・秒以下である請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の電解液。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の電解液を備える電気化学デバイス。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の電解液を備え、耐電圧が3.5V以上である電気二重層キャパシタ。
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JP2006139951A (ja) * | 2004-11-10 | 2006-06-01 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 非水系電解液二次電池及び非水系電解液二次電池用電解液 |
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JPH10144346A (ja) | 1996-11-15 | 1998-05-29 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 非水溶媒電解液を有する二次電池 |
JPH10247519A (ja) * | 1997-03-03 | 1998-09-14 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | リチウム二次電池 |
JP4503209B2 (ja) * | 2002-01-17 | 2010-07-14 | 株式会社ジーエス・ユアサコーポレーション | 非水電解質電池 |
JP2003257427A (ja) * | 2002-02-28 | 2003-09-12 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 非水二次電池用電極材料 |
JP2004014134A (ja) | 2002-06-03 | 2004-01-15 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 非水系電解液二次電池およびそれに用いる電解液 |
US7229718B2 (en) * | 2002-08-22 | 2007-06-12 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Electrolyte for rechargeable lithium battery and rechargeable lithium battery comprising same |
US7785740B2 (en) * | 2004-04-09 | 2010-08-31 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Overcharge protection for electrochemical cells |
CN102471222B (zh) * | 2009-07-16 | 2015-09-02 | 苏威氟有限公司 | 制备碳酸氟烷基(氟)烷基酯和氨基甲酸酯的方法 |
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JPH11307120A (ja) * | 1998-04-23 | 1999-11-05 | Mitsui Chem Inc | 非水電解液および非水電解液二次電池 |
JP2005047875A (ja) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-02-24 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | ビス(ω−ヒドロジフルオロアルキル)カーボネートの製造方法、および非水系電解液 |
JP2006139951A (ja) * | 2004-11-10 | 2006-06-01 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 非水系電解液二次電池及び非水系電解液二次電池用電解液 |
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JPWO2006088009A1 (ja) | 2008-07-03 |
US8329344B2 (en) | 2012-12-11 |
CN101120474A (zh) | 2008-02-06 |
KR100950347B1 (ko) | 2010-03-29 |
CN101120474B (zh) | 2011-08-24 |
US20080145763A1 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
WO2006088009A1 (ja) | 2006-08-24 |
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