JP2007537681A - 無線通信システム上で伝送されるマルチメディアデータのヘッダ圧縮 - Google Patents
無線通信システム上で伝送されるマルチメディアデータのヘッダ圧縮 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】無線通信チャネル上でのマルチメディアデータの転送を改善するための方法および装置が説明されている。これらの技術は、無線通信システムの物理層パケットサイズを決定すること、および圧縮ヘッダの最大サイズを決定することを含む。その後、情報単位をパーティションで区切る、ここでは、パーティションが符号化された後に符号化パーティションと圧縮ヘッダの総サイズが物理層パケットのサイズ以下であるようにパーティションのサイズが選択される。本技術は、様々なタイプの情報ユニット、例えばマルチメディアデータ、可変ビットレートデータストリーム、ビデオストリーム、ビデオ電話会議ストリーム、またはボイスオーバIPなど、に対して使用されることができる。本技術はまた、汎欧州デジタル移動電話方式(GSM)、汎用パケット無線システム(GPRS)、拡張データGSM環境(EDGE)、またはCDMAに基づく標準規格、例えばTIA/EIA−95−B(IS−95)、TIA/EIA−98−C(IS−98)、IS2000、HRDP、cdma2000、広帯域CDMA(WCDMA)など、のような様々な無線インタフェースとともに使用されることもできる。
【選択図】 図11
Description
本特許出願は、本譲受人に譲渡され、参照してここに明示的に組み込まれる、2004年5月13日に出願された「CDMA物理層プロダクトによって搬送されるマルチメディアパケット(Multimedia Packets Carried by CDMA Physical Layer Products)」と題される米国特許仮出願第60/571,673号の優先権を主張する。
本特許出願は、次の同時継続中の米国特許出願に関連する:
同時に出願され、本譲受人に譲渡され、参照してここに全体として明示的に組み込まれる、アトーニードケット番号030166UIの「通信チャネル上での情報配信(Delivery Of Information Over A Communication Channel)」;
同時に出願され、本譲受人に譲渡され、参照してここに全体として明示的に組み込まれる、アトーニードケット番号030166U2の「通信システムのチャネルへの情報の割り当てのための方法および装置(Method And Apparatus For Allocation Of Information To Channels Of A Communication System)」;そして
同時に出願され、本譲受人に譲渡され、参照してここに全体として明示的に組み込まれる、アトーニードケット番号030166U4の「無線通信システムにおける音声およびビデオデータの同期化(Synchronization Of Audio And Video Data In A Wireless Communication System)」。
本発明は、一般に、無線通信システム上でのストリームデータの配信に関し、より具体的には、無線通信システム上でのマルチメディアデータの伝送に関係する。
様々な通信ネットワーク上でのマルチメディアデータの配信の需要は、増加しつつある。例えば、消費者は、インターネット、ワイヤーラインおよびラジオのネットワークのような、様々な通信チャネル上でのストリームビデオの配信を望んでいる。マルチメディアデータは、異なるフォーマットおよびデータレートでありえる、そして、様々な通信ネットワークは、それぞれの通信チャネル上でのリアルタイムデータの伝送のために異なるメカニズムを使用する。
ここに開示された実施形態は、上記に述べられた、無線通信チャネル上でマルチメディアデータストリームを送信するために必要とされるデータの量を減らす必要性に対応する。無線通信システム上でのリアルタイムトランスポートプロトコル(RTP)データストリームの伝送におけるヘッダを減らす(reducing)あるいは除去する(eliminating)ための技術が説明される。これらの技術は、無線通信システムの物理層パケットサイズ(a physical layer packet size)を決定することそして圧縮ヘッダ(a compressed header)の最大サイズを決定すること、そしてそのあとに、情報単位(an information unit)をパーティションで区切ること(partitioning)を含み、ここでは、パーティションのサイズは、パーティションが符号化された後に符号化パーティション(the encoded partition)と圧縮ヘッダの総サイズ(the aggregate size)が物理層パケットサイズ以下であるように選択される。
ここで使用されている用語「例示的な(exemplary)」は、「例(example)、実例(instance)、または例証(illustration)である」を意味している。「例示的な」としてここで説明されるどの実施形態も、他の実施形態より好ましいまたは有利であるとして必ずしも解釈されるべきではない。
エアインタフェース202は、多くの無線標準規格のうちのいずれに従っても操作し得る。例えば、標準規格は、汎欧州デジタル移動電話方式(GSM)、汎用パケット無線システム(GPRS)、拡張されたデータGSM環境(EDGE)のような、TDMAあるいはFDMAに基づく標準規格、あるいはTIA/EIA−95−B(IS−95)、TIA/EIA−98−C(IS−98)、IS2000、HRPD、cdma2000、広帯域CDMA他(WCDMA)のようなCDMAに基づく標準規格、およびその他、を含むことができる。
リアルタイムトランスポートプロトコル(The Real-Time Transport Protocol)(RTP)は、マルチメディアデータのようなリアルタイムデータを送信するために開発されたプロトコルである。RTPは、IPネットワーク上でリアルタイムデータを流すメカニズムを提供する柔軟なプロトコルである。「RTP:リアルタイムアプリケーション用のトランスポートプロトコル(RTP:A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications)」(H.Schulzrinne[コロンビア大学]、S.Casner[パケット設計]、R.Frederick[ブルーコートシステムズ社(Blue Coat Systems Inc.)]、V.Jacobson[パケット設計]、RFC−3550標準規格案、インターネット エンジニアリング ステアリング グループ、2003年7月、URL www.faqs.org/rfc/rfc3550.htmlで入手可能)を参照。ストリーミングは、データを、それが安定した連続するストリームとして処理されることができるように、転送する技術を意味する。
1.RTPパケット当たり1つのビデオフレームを圧縮すること(packing):
「RTPタイムスタンプ(RTP timestamp)は、RTPパケットに含まれるVOPのサンプリングインスタンス(sampling instance)を示す。無作為の、一定のオフセット(constant security)が、セキュリティ理由のために加えられる。」この場合、RTPタイムスタンプおよびRTPシーケンス番号(RTP sequence number)がインクレメントされる。
2.RTPパケット当たり複数のビデオフレームを圧縮すること:
「複数のVOP(multiple VOPs)が同じRTPパケットの中で搬送される時、タイムスタンプは、RTPの中で搬送されたVOPの内のVOP時間の中で最も早いもの(the earliest of the VOP times)を示す。VOPの残りのタイムスタンプ情報は、VOPヘッダ(modulo_time_base and vop_time_increment)におけるタイムスタンプフィールド分野から得られる。[...]この種のパケット化は、基礎をなすネットワークのビットレートが低い時に、RTP/IPヘッダのオーバーヘッドを節約するのに有効である。しかしながら、複数のビデオパケットが単一のRTPパケットロスによって廃棄されるので、それはパケットロス障害許容力(packet-loss resiliency)を減少させるだろう。RTPパケットにおけるビデオパケットの最適の数およびRTPパケットの長さは、基礎をなすネットワークのパケットロスレートおよびビットレートを考慮して決定されることができる。」この場合、RTPタイムスタンプは前方にジャンプ(jumps ahead)し、そして、RTPシーケンス番号がインクリメントされる。
3.複数のRTPパケット上で1つのビデオフレームをセグメント化すること(segmenting):
「単一のビデオパケットは単一のRTPパケットとして送られることが推奨される。ビデオパケットSHOULDのサイズは、結果として生じるRTPパケットがパス−MTU(path-MTU)よりもより大きくないような方法で調節される。[...]基礎をなすネットワークのパケットロスレートが高い場合、この種のパケット化は推奨される。VOPヘッダを含んでいるRTPパケットがパケットロスによって廃棄される時でさえ、他のRTPパケットは、ビデオパケットヘッダの中のHEC(ヘッダ拡張コード)情報を使用することによりデコードされることができる。特別のRTPヘッダフィールドは必要ではない。」この場合、RTPタイムスタンプは同じままであり、そして、RTPシーケンス番号がインクリメントされる。
汎用ヘッダ圧縮サポート(Generic Header Compression Support)
x∈{0,1,2,3,4}但しxの値は圧縮ヘッダサイズの上限をバイトで示し、そして、使用されるヘッダ圧縮スキームのタイプに依存する。例えば、更に下記に説明されるように、異なる圧縮スキームに対応する値は:
x≡0 ゼロヘッダ圧縮に対応する、但し、ヘッダは完全に取り除かれる;
x≡1または2 UDPチェックサム無しのロバストヘッダ圧縮(ROHC)に対応する;
x≡3または4 UDPチェックサムを備えたROHCゼロヘッダ圧縮に対応する。
・PPPインターネットプロトコルコントロールプロトコル(Internet Protocol Control Protocol)(IPCP)の間、モバイル(mobile)もPDSNも両方共、任意のプレファレンスに加え、互いにそれらのヘッダ圧縮能力(header compression capabilities)を示し、そして、モバイルとPDSNの両方にサポートされた、1セットの共通圧縮能力(a set of common compression capabilities)をネゴシエーションする(negotiate)。
・モバイルは、どのヘッダ圧縮タイプが使用されるべきかを、従ってx値を決定する。
・モバイルは、x値のような情報、ビデオスライスサイズのようなデータパケットサイズ、等を、無線通信システム経由で、PDSNと通信しているコンテンツサーバに伝える(例、セッション開始プロトコル(Session Description Protocol)(SIP)あるいはリアルタイムストリーミングプロトコル(RTSP)、等におけるセッション記述プロトコル(SDP)パラメータ))。
・モバイルは、アドレス/ポート、ヘッダ圧縮タイプ、等のフロー情報を、3GPP2−特定信号伝達経由でPDSNに伝える(すなわち、RESerVation(RESV)メッセージ)。この情報は、アドレス/ポートによって識別されたこの特定のセッションフロー上で使用されるべきヘッダ圧縮タイプをPDSNが知ることを可能にする。
ここで使用されるようなロバストヘッダ圧縮(ROHC)は、コンプレッサ(compressor)とデコンプレッサ(decompressor)の両方で状態情報(コンテキスト)を維持することによって、連続するパケット間のリダンダンシ(redundancies)を利用する、圧縮スキームに関連する。静的コンテキスト情報は、セッションの初めに、最初だけ送られる、一方、動的コンテキスは、続いて起こるデータパケットと共に送られる。圧縮されていないパケット(uncompressed packets)をデコンプレッサが正確に再生させるために、デコンプレッサの中のコンテキストは、圧縮中にコンプレッサによって使用されたコンテキストと同期をとられる必要がある。デコンプレッサとコンプレッサとの間のコンテキストの同期を維持するために開発されている技術は、インターネットエンジニアリングタスクフォースのROHCワーキンググループ(the ROHC Working Group of the Internet Engineering Task Force)によって開発されたロバストヘッダ圧縮(ROHC)技術を含み、[例えば、インターネット URL www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3095.txt?number=3095での標準規格および草案を参照]、参照してここに全体として組み込まれる。
ユニバーサル移動体通信システム(Universal Mobile Telecommunications System)(UMTS)として知られている第3世代モバイル技術は、固定の、無線およびサテライトのシステムを通して世界のどこの無線デバイスにも音声およびビデオを配信できる。一般に、UMTSコーデックペイロードサイズは適応マルチレート(Adaptive Multi-Rate)(AMR)モードに基づいて固定される。複数のフレームにわたるRTPオーバーヘッドを償却するために、次の方法の1つあるいは両方は使用されることが出来る:
1.ヘッダ圧縮(例えばROHCなど)
2.1つのRTPパケットに複数のフレームをバンドルすること(bundling)
バンドリング(bundling)が使用される時、RTPタイムスタンプは、RTPパケットにおいて最も早いフレームのものである。
Claims (30)
- 無線通信システム上でデータを送信する方法であって:
前記無線通信システムの物理層パケットサイズを決定することと;
圧縮ヘッダの最大サイズを決定することと;そして
情報単位をパーティションで区切ることと、なお、ここでは、前記パーティションのサイズは、パーティションが符号化された後に前記符号化パーティションと前記圧縮ヘッダの総サイズが前記物理層パケットサイズ以下であるように選択される;
を含む方法。 - 前記情報単位はマルチメディアデータを備える、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記情報単位はビデオデータを備える、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記ヘッダはロバストヘッダ圧縮技術に従って圧縮される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記ヘッダはゼロバイトヘッダ圧縮技術に従って圧縮される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記物理層パケットの前記サイズを決定することおよび前記圧縮ヘッダの前記最大サイズを決定することは、通信セッションにおけるパーティシパント間のネゴシエーションにより決定される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記無線通信システムはCDMAシステムである、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記無線通信システムはGSMシステムである、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記無線通信システムはEDGEシステムである、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記無線通信システムはGPRSシステムである、請求項1記載の方法。
- 無線通信システム上でデータを送信する方法であって:
利用可能な通信チャネルの1セットの可能な物理層データパケットサイズを決定することと;
圧縮ヘッダの最大サイズを決定することと;そして
マルチメディアデータのフレームをパーティションに区切ることと、なお、ここでは、前記パーティションのサイズは、パーティションに圧縮ヘッダの前記最大サイズを加えた総サイズが前記可能なデータパケットサイズの1つと適合するように、選択される;そして
前記パーティションを符号化し、前記圧縮ヘッダを付加し、そして前記付加されたヘッダと共に前記符号化パーティションを送信することと;
を含む方法。 - 前記マルチメディアデータは可変ビットレートストリームである、請求項11記載の方法。
- 前記マルチメディアデータはビデオストリームである、請求項11記載の方法。
- 前記セットの可能な物理層データパケットサイズおよび前記圧縮ヘッダの前記最大サイズを決定することは、通信セッションにおけるパーティシパント間のネゴシエーションにより決定される、請求項11記載の方法。
- 前記通信チャネルはCDMAチャネルである、請求項11記載の方法。
- 前記通信チャネルはGSMチャネルである、請求項11記載の方法。
- 前記通信チャネルはEDGEチャネルである、請求項11記載の方法。
- 前記通信チャネルはGPRSチャネルである、請求項11記載の方法。
- 前記ヘッダはロバストヘッダ圧縮技術に従って圧縮される、請求項11記載の方法。
- 前記ヘッダはゼロバイトヘッダ圧縮技術に従って圧縮される、請求項11記載の方法。
- 利用可能な通信チャネルの可能なデータパケットサイズおよび圧縮ヘッダの最大サイズを決定するように構成されたプロセッサと;そして
マルチメディアデータをパーティションに区切るように構成され、前記パーティションを符号化し、前記圧縮ヘッダを付加する、エンコーダと、なお、ここでは、前記パーティションのサイズは、パーティションに圧縮ヘッダの前記最大サイズを加えた総サイズが前記可能なデータパケットサイズの1つと適合するように、選択される;そして
前記付加されたヘッダと共に前記パーティションを送信するように構成された送信機と;
を備えた無線通信デバイス。 - 前記マルチメディアデータはデータストリームである、請求項21記載の無線通信デバイス。
- 前記マルチメディアデータはビデオストリームである、請求項21記載の無線通信デバイス。
- 前記通信チャネルはCDMAチャネルである、請求項21記載の無線通信デバイス。
- 前記通信チャネルはGSMチャネルである、請求項21記載の無線通信デバイス。
- 前記通信チャネルはGPRSチャネルである、請求項21記載の無線通信デバイス。
- 前記通信チャネルはEDGEチャネルである、請求項21記載の無線通信デバイス。
- 前記ヘッダはロバストヘッダ圧縮技術に従って圧縮される、請求項21記載の無線通信デバイス。
- 前記ヘッダはゼロバイトヘッダ圧縮技術に従って圧縮される、請求項21記載の無線通信デバイス。
- データを符号化する方法を具現化するコンピュータ可読媒体であって、前記方法が:
無線通信システムの物理層パケットサイズを決定することと;
圧縮ヘッダの最大サイズを決定することと;そして
情報単位をパーティションで区切ることと、なお、ここでは、前記パーティションのサイズは、パーティションが符号化された後に前記符号化パーティションと前記圧縮ヘッダの総サイズが前記物理層パケットサイズ以下であるように選択される;
を含む、
コンピュータ可読媒体。
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2010081212A (ja) * | 2008-09-25 | 2010-04-08 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 音声伝送装置 |
JP2014508458A (ja) * | 2011-01-26 | 2014-04-03 | クゥアルコム・インコーポレイテッド | ネットワークにおいて通信するためのシステムおよび方法 |
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