JP2007527788A - 金属有機および/または無機先駆体および金属含有還元剤を用いる多孔質キャリヤの所定反応空間における先駆体化学ナノ金属学による金属/金属酸化物支持触媒の製造 - Google Patents
金属有機および/または無機先駆体および金属含有還元剤を用いる多孔質キャリヤの所定反応空間における先駆体化学ナノ金属学による金属/金属酸化物支持触媒の製造 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007527788A JP2007527788A JP2007502273A JP2007502273A JP2007527788A JP 2007527788 A JP2007527788 A JP 2007527788A JP 2007502273 A JP2007502273 A JP 2007502273A JP 2007502273 A JP2007502273 A JP 2007502273A JP 2007527788 A JP2007527788 A JP 2007527788A
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- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/041—Mesoporous materials having base exchange properties, e.g. Si/Al-MCM-41
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/06—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of zinc, cadmium or mercury
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/80—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with zinc, cadmium or mercury
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- B01J29/0316—Mesoporous materials not having base exchange properties, e.g. Si-MCM-41 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/0333—Iron group metals or copper
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Abstract
Description
1.直接的な金属−炭素−結合が存在する金属錯体;
2.全く金属−炭素結合は存在しないが(配位結合した)リガンドを含有し、有機特性を有し、従って炭化水素化合物またはこれらの誘導体の属する金属錯体。「金属有機」は従って金属−炭素−結合も有機リガンドも含有しない純無機金属成分とは区別される。
新たに合成され、焼成されかつ乾燥されたMCM−41(350mg)を約1.0gの[Cu(OCHMeCH2NMe2)2]と一緒に振動チューブにおける別途のガラス容器に入れると共に静的減圧(0.1Pa)にて2時間にわたり340°Kに加温した。青色に着色した生成物物質の200mgおよび約0.5gのジエチル亜鉛からなるプローブを上記と同様に並列設置すると共に静的減圧(0.1Pa)にて2時間にわたり室温に放置する。蒸発時間、温度、物質量およびPMS−物質の変動は種々異なる負荷をもたらす(表1)。ZnOを得るため、プローブCu/[Zn(OCHMeCH2NMe2)2]/MCM−41を保護ガス下に抜き取り、次いで動的減圧(0.1Pa)にて623°Kまで温度調整する(2h)。相応に、他のPMS−材料(たとえばMCM−48)を処理する。
[Cu(OCHMeCH2NMe2)2]/MCM−41(上記参照)の溶融物は動的減圧(0.1Pa)にて523°Kで(20分間)Cu/MCM−41を与える。同様に[Zn(OCHMeCH2NMe2)2]のZnO先駆体としての使用下に、中間段階の溶融後に[Zn(OCHMeCH2NMe2)2]/MCM−41が623°K(0.1Pa、2h)にてZnO/MCM−41を得られる。[Zn(OCHMeCH2NMe2)2]/MCM−41を、ペンタン(40ml)における[Zn(OCHMeCH2NMe2)2](1.0g)の溶液でのMCM−41の含浸および分離された固形物質の多数回の洗浄により得た。代案として、ZnO/PMSはジエチル亜鉛−蒸気でのキャリヤの処理および次いで焼成によっても得られる。
X−線粉末回折図(PXRD)を、Cu Kα−照射(λ=1.5418Å)をθ−2θジオメトリーおよび位置感受性検出器を有するD8−アドバンス・ブルッカーAXS回折計より記録した(毛細管技術、保護ガス)。全体的な回折図を、プソイド−ボイグド機能の使用下でプロフィルプラス2.0.1ソフトウェアによりアンフィットさせた。TEM検査をヒタチH−8100装置により200kVにてタングステンフィラメントで行った(空気排除下での作成、ゴールド−グリッド・プラノ、バキューム−トランスフェルハルター)。X−線吸収スペクトル(XAS)をハジーラブ(DESY、ハンブルグ)にてSi(311)−二重結晶モノクロメータにおけるステーションX1にてトランスミッションにて行った(ソフトウェアVIPER)。窒素吸着測定をクオンタクローム・オートソルブ−1 MP装置にて行った。気孔直径はバレット−ジオイナー−ハレンダ(BJH)方法に従って計算した。空の焼成されたMCM−41およびCuOx/MCM−41の比表面積(SBET)は、BET−グラフ(p/p0=0.05−0.35)の直線部分のデータを用いて測定した。
動的減圧(0.1Pa、2h)下で623°KにてCu/[Zn(OCHMeCH2NMe2)2]/PMSは更にCHx−フリー材料を与え、これは極めて幅広なCu(111)−反射を示す。ZnO−ナノ結晶に関するX−線による証明はしかしながら欠陥を有する(図2)。Cu/ZnO/PMS−プローブの比Cu−表面積は触媒試験の前後にそれぞれ5−6m2 Cu・g−1 Katに一致した(表1)。19−130μモル・g−1 Kat・h−1におけるメタノール生成能力は、共沈/焼成により作成された2成分Cu/ZnO−触媒の範囲であり、或いはこれをMCM−48プローブの場合は驚くことに明らかに越える。MCM−48−キャリヤの三次元気孔構造は、MCM−41と比較して効果的拡散を可能にする。空気に晒されて完全に酸化されたプローブの還元(H2)(Cu(111)−反射の消失)は、初期の活性もしくはCu−表面積を再生した。[M(OCHMeCH2NMe2)2]/MCM−41(M=Zn、Cu)の溶融により或いはジエチル亜鉛−蒸気でのMCM−41の処理および焼成により得られた比較プローブCu/MCM−41(10−12重量%;5−7m2 Cu・g−1 KatおよびZnO/MCM−41は不活性と証明された。新たに作成されたCu/ZnO/PMS−プローブにつき、第1酸化/還元サイクル(N2O/H2)の進行に際し50−6m2 Cu・g−1 Katの異常に高いCu表面積の数値が測定され、これは5−6m2 Cu・g−1 Katの特徴的レベルまで更なる経過にて低下した。この相違は明らかにCu粒子の焼結には基づかず、PMSの気孔壁部に結合すると共にスキーム1に基づき過剰のO−Zn−C2H5基に起因し、この基も同様にN2Oにより酸化される。
Claims (14)
- 多孔質キャリヤと少なくとも1種の活性金属と少なくとも1種の促進剤とを有し、特にメタノール合成に適する触媒の製造方法において、少なくとも500m2/gの比表面積を有する多孔質キャリヤを準備し、多孔質キャリヤ上には少なくとも1種の活性金属先駆体を施し、これは還元しうる形態での活性金属、並びに結合原子を介し活性金属原子に結合されて、好ましくは酸素、硫黄、窒素、燐および酸素から選択される少なくとも1種の基を含み、活性金属先駆体は還元剤で還元され、この還元剤は少なくとも1種の促進剤金属と少なくとも1個の水酸基および/または1種の有機基を有し、この有機基は炭素原子を介し促進剤原子に結合されると共に、還元剤は促進剤に移行されることを特徴とする触媒の製造方法。
- 還元剤における少なくとも1種の有機基がアルキル基、アルケニル基、アリール基、シクロペンタジエニル基およびその誘導基、並びに水酸基から選択される請求項1に記載の方法。
- 活性金属がAl、Zn、Sn、Bi、Cr、Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Mo、W、Re、Cu、Ag、Au、Ni、Pd、Pt、Co、Rh、Ir、Fe、RuおよびOsから構成される群より選択される請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 促進剤金属がAl、Zn、Sn、稀金属、並びにアルカリおよびアルカリ土類金属から構成される群より選択される請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 活性金属先駆体が式MeXpLoの化合物であり、ここでMeは活性金属先駆体を意味し、Xはアルコラート(OR*)アミド(NR2 *)、β−ジケトネート(R*(=O)CHC(=O)R*)、およびその窒素同族体、特にβ−ケトイミネート(R*(=O)CHC(=NR*)R*)、およびβ−ジイミネート(R*(=NR*)CHC(=NR*)R*)、カルボキシレート(R*COO)、オキザレート(C2O4)、ナイトレート(NO3)、およびカーボネート(CO3)の群から選択され、ここでR*は1〜6個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基、2〜6個の炭素原子を有するアルケニル基、6〜18個の炭素原子を有するアリール基を有し、更に残基R*は前記R*と同一でも異なっても良く、pは促進剤金属の原子価に相当する整数であり、oは0と促進剤金属原子の自由配位個所の個数との間の整数であり、Lはルイス−塩基性有機リガンドであって結合原子として酸素もしくは窒素を有する請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 還元剤が式MRnLmの化合物であり、ここでMは促進剤金属を意味し、Rは1〜6個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基、2〜6個の炭素原子を有するアルケニル基、6〜18個の炭素原子を有するアリール基、シクロペンタジエニル基もしくはその誘導基または水酸基を意味し、ここで残基Rは同一でも異なっても良く、nは金属の原子価に相当する整数であり、Lはルイス−塩基性有機リガンドであって結合原子として酸素もしくは窒素を有し、更にmは0と活性金属原子の自由配位個所の個数との間の整数である請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 活性金属が銅であり、促進剤金属が亜鉛およびアルミニウムである請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 活性金属促進剤および/または還元剤が蒸気相分離により多孔質キャリヤ上に施される請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 多孔質キャリヤが多孔質シリケート鉱物、ゼオライト、層状シリケート、粘土、柱状粘土、ヒドロタルサイト、並びにモリブデンおよびタングステンのヘテロポリ酸から構成される群より選択される請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- キャリヤがモルデナイト、MCM−41、MCM−48、SBA−15、VPI−5およびクロバライトから構成されるキャリヤの群から選択される請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 触媒の作成に際し200℃の最高温度を越えない請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 多孔質キャリヤ並びにキャリヤ上に沈積された少なくとも1種の活性金属およびキャリヤ上に沈積された少なくとも1種の促進剤とを有する、特にメタノール合成のための触媒において、多孔質キャリヤは少なくとも500m2/gの比表面積を有し、活性金属は少なくとも25m2 活性金属/g活性金属の比表面積を有し、更に促進剤は少なくとも100m2/g促進剤の比表面積を有する触媒。
- 活性金属が最高10の平均配位数を有する請求項12に記載の触媒。
- メタノール合成のための、または燃料セルテクノロジーのリフォーマとしての触媒の使用。
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RU2691451C1 (ru) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-06-14 | Российская Федерация в лице Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Тверской государственный университет" | Катализатор жидкофазного синтеза метанола и способ его получения |
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CN112452329B (zh) * | 2020-11-06 | 2022-09-20 | 上海簇睿低碳能源技术有限公司 | 一种重整催化剂的合成方法 |
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JPH022883A (ja) * | 1987-12-02 | 1990-01-08 | Air Prod And Chem Inc | メタノールまたは低温シフト触媒の活性化の方法 |
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DE1943213A1 (de) * | 1969-08-20 | 1971-05-19 | Schering Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Katalysatoren |
DE19734974A1 (de) * | 1997-08-13 | 1999-02-25 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von porös geträgerten Metall-Nanopartikel-haltigen Katalysatoren, insbesondere für die Gasphasenoxidation von Ethylen und Essigsäure zu Vinylacetat |
DE19827844A1 (de) * | 1998-06-23 | 1999-12-30 | Aventis Res & Tech Gmbh & Co | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schalenkatalysatoren durch CVD-Beschichtung |
DE10032303A1 (de) * | 2000-07-04 | 2002-01-17 | Basf Ag | Metallischse Hydrierkatalysatoren |
DE10132500A1 (de) * | 2001-07-05 | 2003-01-23 | Basf Ag | Verfahren und Katalysator zur Herstellung von C2-Oxygenaten aus Synthesegas |
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EP1720656A1 (de) | 2006-11-15 |
RU2006132354A (ru) | 2008-03-20 |
MY141786A (en) | 2010-06-30 |
CN1905941A (zh) | 2007-01-31 |
WO2005087374A1 (de) | 2005-09-22 |
AU2005221301A1 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
MXPA06007496A (es) | 2006-12-14 |
DE102004011335A1 (de) | 2005-09-22 |
RU2380155C2 (ru) | 2010-01-27 |
BRPI0508541A (pt) | 2007-08-14 |
NO20064487L (no) | 2006-11-29 |
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