JP2007518453A - 補綴椎間円板およびその使用方法 - Google Patents
補綴椎間円板およびその使用方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2007518453A JP2007518453A JP2006522673A JP2006522673A JP2007518453A JP 2007518453 A JP2007518453 A JP 2007518453A JP 2006522673 A JP2006522673 A JP 2006522673A JP 2006522673 A JP2006522673 A JP 2006522673A JP 2007518453 A JP2007518453 A JP 2007518453A
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- end plate
- intervertebral disc
- fiber
- prosthetic
- prosthetic intervertebral
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
- A61F2/442—Intervertebral or spinal discs, e.g. resilient
- A61F2/4425—Intervertebral or spinal discs, e.g. resilient made of articulated components
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- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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- A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
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- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
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Abstract
Description
脊椎板は、外傷性傷害または疾病過程により変位または損傷する場合がある。変位または損傷が生じると、髄核は、脱漏して脊柱管または椎間孔内に突出する。こうした変形は、脱漏または椎間円板ヘルニアとして周知されている。脱漏または脱滑ヘルニアは、部分的に閉塞した孔を通る脊柱管を出る脊椎神経を圧迫し、閉塞領域に苦痛または麻痺を生じる。
補綴椎間円板およびこうした椎間円板を使用する方法を提供する。対象補綴円板は、上部終板、下部終板、およびこれら2つの終板間に配置された圧縮可能なコア部材を備える。
隣接する2個の椎体の内側に面する表面に溝を形成するように構成される。第3のツールである保持具は、補綴円板を移植する時に、補綴円板を所定の位置に保持し、移植された後に補綴円板を解除するように構成された係合機構を備える。
本発明について説明する前に、本発明は、説明されている特定の実施態様に限定されるのではなく、したがって、当然変化する場合があることを理解するべきである。本明細書に使用されている用語は、単に特定の実施態様を記述するためであり、制限することを意図するのではなく、本発明は添付の請求項によってのみ限定される。
(I.補綴椎間円板)
上記にまとめたとおり、本発明は、補綴椎間円板を目的とする。補綴椎間円板とは、脊椎生物体、たとえばヒトなどの哺乳類の脊椎内にある椎間円板の代わりに使用できるように構成または賦形される人工または人造デバイスを意味する。対象補綴椎間円板は、2個の隣接する椎体間の自然発生椎間円板が除去された時に存在する2個の隣接する椎体間の空間、つまり空隙椎間円板空間を占めることができる寸法を有する。「実質的に占める」とは、補綴椎間円板が少なくとも約75容量%、たとえば少なくとも約80容量%以上を占めることを意味する。対象補綴円板は、交換される自然発生椎間円板に類似するほぼ豆状構造を有する。実施態様の多くでは、補綴円板の長さは約15mm〜約50mm、たとえば約18mm〜約46mmの範囲であり、補綴円板の幅は約12mm〜約30mm、たとえば約14mm〜約25mmの範囲であり、補綴円板の高さは約3mm〜約13mm、たとえば約5mm〜約12mmである。
1.Dacronポリ(エチレンテレフタレート)ファイバ、またはSpectraポリエチレンファイバ、またはKevlarポリアミドファイバ、またはカーボンファイバで強化されたEchicon Biomerなどの生体適合性ポリウレタン。
上記のとおり、対象補綴円板の少なくとも1個の構成要素を含むシステムも提供される。本発明のこのシステムは、一般に、椎間円板を上記の補綴円板と交換するために必要なおよび/または望ましい要素のすべてを含む。したがって、対象システムは、上記のとおり、本発明による補綴円板を含む。さらに、特定の実施態様のシステムは、椎体固定要素、その構成要素、たとえば、図4Aおよび4Bに示す一体化された固定要素を固定するための、図5Aおよび6Bに示す固定要素などを含む。対象システムは、たとえば以下に詳細に説明するような特殊な供給デバイスをも含む。
対象補綴椎間円板およびそのシステムを使用する方法も提供される。対象補綴椎間円板およびそのシステムは、脊椎生物体の損傷または機能不全椎間円板の代わりとしての用途がある。一般に、脊椎生物体は「哺乳動物」または「哺乳類」であり、これらの用語は、哺乳網の範囲に含まれる生物体を表すために広く使用され、肉食動物(犬および猫など)、齧歯目(ネズミ、テンジクネズミ、およびラットなど)、ウサギ目(ラビットなど)および霊長類(ヒト、チンパンジーおよびサル)という目を含む。実施態様の多くでは、対象はヒトである。
対象方法を実践する際に使用されるキットも提供され、キットは、一般に、上記のとおり、上記の1個以上の補綴椎間円板デバイス(たとえば、サイズが異なる複数のこのようなデバイス)、および/または対象システムの構成要素、たとえば固定要素またはその構成要素、供給デバイスなどを含む。キットは、対象方法の実践に使用される部位前処理構成要素など、その他の構成要素をさらに含む。
図12〜54に示す実施態様を参照すると、対象補綴円板は、コア部材によって分離された上部および下部終板を備える。一実施態様では、補綴円板は、一体化された単体の構造を有する。もう1つの実施態様では、補綴円板は、下部終板および上部終板、並びにコア部材を含むツーピース型構造を有する。コアは、一方または両方の終板と組み立てられるか、または一体化される。ツーピース型構造は、上部終板組立体が、相対回転を防止するように下部終板に取り付けられる抑制構造で良い。あるいは、この構造は、上部終板組立体が、相対運動ができるように下部終板に取り付けられる半抑制または非抑制構造で良い。さらにもう1つの実施態様では、補綴円板は、上部および下部終板、および保持機構によって上部および下部終板間に捕捉される分離可能なコア部材を含むスリーピース型構造を有する。最後に、さらにもう1つの実施態様では、補綴円板は、上部および下部終板、および共にコア部材を形成する2個の分離可能なコア組立体を含むフォーピース型構造を有する。当業者は、コア部材および/または上部および下部終板をさらに分割するか、あるいは追加の構成要素を構造に設けることによって、5ピース、6ピースまたはその他のマルチピース構造を構成されることが分かるであろう。
補綴椎間円板は、好ましくは、脊椎生物体、たとえばヒトなどの哺乳動物の脊椎中の椎間円板の代わりとして使用できるように構成または賦形される人工または人造デバイスである。対象補綴椎間円板は、2個の隣接する椎体間の自然発生椎間円板が除去された時に存在する2個の隣接する椎体間の空間、つまり椎間円板空隙空間を実質的に占めることができる寸法を有する。「実質的に占める」とは、補綴円板が代わりに使用される自然な補綴円板によって行われる機能の一部または全部を、補綴円板が行うため、隣接する2個の椎体間の空間内の十分な容積を占めることを意味する。特定の実施態様では、対象補綴円板は、自然発生椎間円板に類似するほぼ豆状構造を有する。実施態様の多くでは、補綴円板の長さは約15mm〜約50mmの範囲、好ましくは約18mm〜約46mmの範囲であり、補綴円板の幅は約12mm〜約30mm、好ましくは約14mm〜約25mmの範囲であり、補綴円板の高さは約3mm〜約15mm、好ましくは約5mm〜約14mmである。
ワンピース型構造を有する代表的な補綴椎間円板100は、図12〜15に示されている。補綴円板は、上部終板110、下部終板120、および上部終板110および下部終板120間に保持されるコア部材130を含む。1本または複数本のファイバ140は、上部および下部終板の周囲に巻き付けられて終板を互いに結合する。(分かりやすくするため、ファイバ140は、図面すべてに示されてはいない。にも関わらず、図示のとおり、たとえば図12では、ファイバ140は、本明細書に記載する実施態様の各々に存在し、類似する機能を果たす。)ファイバ140は、好ましくはしっかり巻き付けず、その結果、終板によって終板間である程度の軸方向回転、屈曲、湾曲および伸張が可能である。コア部材130は、圧縮されていないかまたは事前に圧縮された状態で提供される。環状カプセル150は、上部および下部終板間の空間に任意に設けられ、コア部材130およびファイバ140を包囲する。上部終板110および下部終板120はほぼ平坦な平面部材であり、実質的な剛性を提供する生理的に許容可能な材料から製造される。上部終板110および下部終板120の製造に使用するのに適する材料の例としては、機械加工または金属射出成形により製造されるチタン、チタン合金、ステンレス鋼、コバルト/クロムなど;射出成形または圧縮成形により製造される超高モル質量(分子量)を有するポリエチレン(UHMW−PE)、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(PEEK)などのプラスチック;セラミック;グラファイト;などが挙げられる。任意に、終板には、ヒドロキシアパタイト、チタンプラズマスプレー、または骨成長を促進するためのその他のコーティングが塗布される。
ツーピース型構造を有する代表的な補綴椎間円板は、図16〜20に示されている。ツーピース型補綴円板に含まれる構成要素および特徴は、上記のワンピース型補綴円板の成要素および特徴に非常に類似する。デバイス間の主な相違点は、ツーピース型補綴円板が2個の分離可能な構成要素を含む点であるが、ワンピース型補綴円板は、1個の一体化構造を有する。特に、以下に詳細に説明するとおり、ツーピース型補綴円板の下部終板は、内側下部終板220aおよび外側下部終板220bに分割され(図16〜20参照)、ワンピース型補綴円板には1個の下部終板120しかない(図12および13A〜C参照)。
スリーピース型構造を有する代表的な補綴椎間円板300は、図21〜23に示されている。補綴円板は、上部終板310、下部終板320、および上部終板310と下部終板320との間に保持されたコア組立体330を含む。
フォーピース型構造を有する代表的な補綴椎間円板は、図29〜35に示されている。補綴円板は、上部終板410、下部終板420、および上部終板410と下部終板420との間に保持されたツーピース型コア組立体430を含む。
移植される補綴円板が間に取り付けられる上部および下部椎体の個々の対向表面に終板を固定するための代替的な機構が設けられる。たとえば、図30および32に示すように、上部終板410は係留フィン411を備える。係留フィン411は、上部椎体の表面に形成された嵌合溝に係合し、ひいては終板を椎体に固定するように意図されている。係留フィン411は、上部終板410のほぼ平坦な外面からほぼ垂直に、つまり図30および32に示す終板の上側から上方に延在する。図示のとおり、係留フィン411は、上部終板410の外面の中心に配置され、実質的に上部終板410の幅よりわずかに少ない長さを有する。図示されていないが、係留フィン411には、係留フィンのトップエッジ上に位置する複数の鋸歯形が設けられる。鋸歯形は、係留フィンが椎体に係合し、ひいては上部終板410を脊椎に固定する能力を強化することを意図されている。
上記の補綴円板のワンピース型、ツーピース型、スリーピース型およびフォーピース型構造は、終板の周囲に巻かれたファイバによって互いに結合された上部および下部終板を備える。代替実施態様では、ファイバ構成要素は、織られたかまたは編まれた形態の布帛円筒体つまり管組織として提供される。布帛管組織は、上部および下部終板間に延在し、上部および下部終板を構造的に接続する。
図53を参照すると、任意の耐クリープ性圧縮部材135が示されている。耐クリープ性部材135は、磨耗による拡張によって生じるコアの垂直方向の圧縮および側方の膨張によるコアの「クリーピング」を防止することを意図されている。耐クリープ性部材135は、好ましくは、補綴円板の1、2、3またはフォーピース型構造の何れかのトロイダル形のコア部材130、230、330、430に関連して使用される。耐クリープ性部材135は、上部終板110、210、310、410から下方に延在する柱136、および下部終板120、220、320、420から上方に延在するカップ137を備える。あるいは、柱136が下部終板から上方に延在し、容器137が上部終板から下方に延在する。ばね138は、容器内138に位置する。柱136は、わずかに円錐形であり、柱136よりも直径がわずかに大きく、柱136を容器137内に収容するようになっている。柱136およびカップ137がわずかに円錐形であることは、上部および下部終板の互いに対する側方屈曲(横方向)、湾曲(前方)、および伸張(後方)に適応するために好ましい。ばねは、2個の終板を離して付勢するように予荷重がかけられている。
上記の説明および結果から、本発明が著しく改善された補綴椎間円板を提供することは明らかである。特に、対象補綴円板は、置き換えられることが考えられる完全に機能的な本来の椎間円板の機械特性を厳密に模倣する。
(A.従来の(非最小侵襲方法))
補綴椎間円板は、本明細書に記載の装置および方法を用いて患者の脊椎内に移植される。本明細書は、ワンピースおよびツーピース型補綴円板を移植するための装置の使用を主に取り上げるが、この装置は、当業者が周知のとおり、修正を殆どまたはまったく行わずに、補綴円板の他の実施態様を移植するために使用することもできる。さらに、以下に記載のとおり、この方法は、以下に記載する装置の構成要素すべてを組み込む必要はない。
第1の実施態様の場合、図36〜38に関連して、移植ツールはスペーサ810、両側チゼル830、および保持具850を備える。
(a.第1の実施態様)
好ましい移植手順は、図36〜38に示すスペーサ810、チゼル830、保持具850を使用する。上記のとおり、本明細書に記載する手順は、ワンピース型補綴円板の移植に関連する。この説明は、本明細書で説明する装置および方法を具体的に示すものだが、制限することを意図するのではない。
代替的な移植手順は、図43〜49に示されている。好ましい手順は、図39〜42に関連する上記の移植ツールを使用する。上記のとおり、本明細書に記載する手順は、ツーピース型補綴円板の移植に関連する。この説明は、本明細書で説明する装置および方法を具体的に示すものだが、制限することを意図するのではない。
椎骨601、602の対が、補綴円板の残りの部分を移植するのに適する状態になったら、補綴円板の上部部分組立体205は、上部終板保持具を使用して移植される。(図48A〜B参照。)上部終板保持具56は、プッシュロッド563によって、「A」方向に前進し、上部部分組立体205は外側下部終板220bに係合して、タブ261およびノッチ(図示しない)によって所定の位置に係止される。この時点では、上部部分組立体上の係留フィン211は、上部椎骨601の下面上に形成された溝に係合し、その結果、補綴円板を隣接する2個の椎骨601、602間の所定の位置に保持するのを促進する。図49A〜Bを参照すると、次に、上部終板保持具560および案内部材500が引き抜かれ、補綴円板が所定の位置に残る。図49Aは、上部終板保持具の係合ピン564、565が、上部部分組立体205の後縁に形成された一連の嵌合孔206に係合する。同様に、図49Aは、下部終板のロッド508、509が、外側下部終板220bの後縁に形成された嵌合孔215に係合する。
最小侵襲外科的移植方法は、図51に示されている。この最小侵襲外科的移植方法は、従来の腰椎補綴円板置換外科手術に使用される前方アプローチではなく、後方アプローチを使用して行われる。
(I.本明細書に記載の説明に関する情報)
本願の主題である本発明は、記載されている特定の実施態様に限られるわけではなく、当然、変更することができる。また、本明細書で使用する用語は、単に特定の実施態様を説明する目的でのみ使用されており、本発明の範囲は、添付の請求の範囲によってのみ制限される。
Claims (47)
- 補綴椎間円板であって、
第1の終板と、
第2の終板と、
該第1および第2の終板間に配置された圧縮可能なコア部材であって、該コア部材が、該第1および第2の終板間に延在して、該第1および第2の終板と係合する少なくとも1本のファイバを含み、該終板および該コア部材が、本来の椎間円板の機能特性を実質的に模倣する様式で互いに保持される、コア部材
を含む補綴椎間円板。 - 前記終板の各々が複数のスロットを含み、前記少なくとも1本のファイバが、前記第1の終板の少なくとも1個の該スロット、および前記第2の終板の少なくとも1個の該スロットを通って延在する、請求項1に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記少なくとも1本のファイバが、前記第1の終板の複数のスロットの各々、および前記第2の終板の複数のスロットの各々を通って延在する、請求項2に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記少なくとも1本のファイバが前記終板に巻き付けられ、ひいては単方向の巻き付けパターンを画定する、請求項3に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記少なくとも1本のファイバが前記終板に巻き付けられ、ひいては双方向の巻き付けパターンを画定する、請求項3に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 複数のファイバをさらに含み、該複数のファイバの各々が、前記第1の終板の前記複数のスロットの各々、および前記第2の終板の前記複数のスロットの各々を通って延在する、請求項2に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記複数のファイバが単方向の巻き付けパターンを画定する、請求項6に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記複数のファイバが双方向の巻き付けパターンを画定する、請求項6に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記複数のファイバが多方向の巻き付けパターンを画定する、請求項6に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記複数のファイバが、前記コア部材の2つ以上のファイバ層を画定する、請求項6に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記第1の層のファイバ、および前記第2の層のファイバに同じ張力が印加される、請求項10に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記第1の層のファイバおよび前記第2の層のファイバに異なる張力が印加される、請求項10に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記第1の層のファイバが第1の角度で延在し、前記第2の層のファイバが第2の角度で延在し、該第1の角度が該第2の角度とは異なり、さらに、該角度が、本来の椎間円板のファイバを模倣するように選択される、請求項10に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記少なくとも1本のファイバが張力疲労状態である、請求項1に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記圧縮可能なコア部材があらかじめ圧縮された状態である、請求項1に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記ファイバが湿潤している、請求項1に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記圧縮可能なコア部材が、貫通する孔を画定する環状構成を有し、前記補綴円板が、該圧縮可能なコア部材が選択された軸方向の距離を越えて圧縮するのを防止するために、該孔内に配置された停止機構をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記停止機構がばね部材を含む、請求項17に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記終板および前記圧縮可能なコア部材が、非抑制構成で互いに保持される、請求項1に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記終板および前記圧縮可能なコア部材が、半抑制構成で互いに保持される、請求項1に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記終板および前記圧縮可能なコア部材が、抑制構成で互いに保持される、請求項1に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記圧縮可能なコア部材がヒドロゲル材料を含む、請求項1に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記圧縮可能なコア部材が、ポリウレタンまたはシリコーンの一方を含む、請求項1に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記少なくとも1本のファイバがエラストマーを含む、請求項1に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記少なくとも1本のファイバが金属を含む、請求項1に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記少なくとも1本のファイバがプラスチックを含む、請求項1に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記少なくとも1本のファイバがマルチフィラメントファイバである、請求項1に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記少なくとも1本のファイバがモノフィラメントファイバである、請求項1に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記少なくとも1本のファイバがカプセル化されている、請求項1に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記第1の終板を椎体に固定するための固定部材をさらに含み、該固定部材が該第1の終板の外面から延在する、請求項1に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記第2の終板を椎体に固定するための固定部材をさらに含み、該固定部材が該第2の終板の外面から延在する、請求項30に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記固定部材が少なくとも1個の係留フィンを含む、請求項30に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記固定部材が少なくとも1個の係留フィンを含む、請求項31に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記固定部材が少なくとも1個の係留スパイクを含む、請求項30に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記固定部材が少なくとも1個の係留スパイクを含む、請求項31に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記固定部材が、前記第1および前記第2の終板の少なくとも一方の外面上に形成された複数の鋸歯形を含む、請求項30に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記固定部材が、前記第1および前記第2の終板の少なくとも一方の外面上に形成された複数の鋸歯形を含む、請求項31に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記固定部材が前記外面から展開可能である、請求項30に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記固定部材が前記外面から展開可能である、請求項31に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記終板の少なくとも一方がドーム状の外面を備える、請求項1に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記圧縮可能なコアを包囲するガスケットをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 前記ガスケットがベローズを有する、請求項41に記載の補綴椎間円板。
- 補綴椎間円板を、隣接する2個の椎体の間に移植するためのシステムであって、該システムは、
該補綴円板が、少なくとも1個の前記終板から延在する少なくとも1個の固定部材をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の補綴椎間円板、
該椎体間に空間を形成するためのツールであって、該空間が該補綴円板を挿入するのに適するツール、
前記少なくとも1個の固定部材を収容するために、少なくとも1個の椎体の内面に1個以上の圧痕を形成するためのチゼル、および
該終板間に実質的に平行関係を維持しつつ、隣接する椎体間に補綴円板を挿入するためのツール、
を含むシステム。 - 少なくとも1個の固定部材が前記終板の各々の外面から延在し、前記チゼルが、前記椎体の両方の内面に1個以上の圧痕を同時に形成するように構成される、請求項43に記載のシステム。
- 前記空間形成ツールが、前記隣接する椎体間に後方配置するように構成された少なくとも1個のカニューレを含む、請求項43に記載のシステム。
- 前記チゼルが関節をなし得る、請求項43に記載のシステム。
- 請求項1に記載の第2の補綴椎間円板をさらに備え、補綴円板が長形構成を有する、請求項43に記載のシステム。
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US10/632,538 US7153325B2 (en) | 2003-08-01 | 2003-08-01 | Prosthetic intervertebral disc and methods for using the same |
PCT/US2004/025056 WO2005011523A2 (en) | 2003-08-01 | 2004-07-30 | Prosthetic intervertebral disc and methods for using same |
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