JP4398975B2 - 脊髄中線指示器 - Google Patents

脊髄中線指示器 Download PDF

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JP4398975B2
JP4398975B2 JP2006502359A JP2006502359A JP4398975B2 JP 4398975 B2 JP4398975 B2 JP 4398975B2 JP 2006502359 A JP2006502359 A JP 2006502359A JP 2006502359 A JP2006502359 A JP 2006502359A JP 4398975 B2 JP4398975 B2 JP 4398975B2
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spinal cord
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midline
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ビリアーズ, マラン デ
ウルリッチ レインハード ハーンル,
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スパイナルモーション, インコーポレイテッド
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/02Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors
    • A61B17/025Joint distractors
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/1662Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body
    • A61B17/1671Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body for the spine
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/39Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/44Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
    • A61F2/442Intervertebral or spinal discs, e.g. resilient
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/46Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2/4657Measuring instruments used for implanting artificial joints
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/17Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires
    • A61B17/1739Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires specially adapted for particular parts of the body
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/02Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors
    • A61B17/025Joint distractors
    • A61B2017/0256Joint distractors for the spine
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/39Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
    • A61B2090/3904Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers specially adapted for marking specified tissue
    • A61B2090/3916Bone tissue
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/44Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2002/30001Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30003Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis
    • A61F2002/3006Properties of materials and coating materials
    • A61F2002/3008Properties of materials and coating materials radio-opaque, e.g. radio-opaque markers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/46Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2/4657Measuring instruments used for implanting artificial joints
    • A61F2002/4658Measuring instruments used for implanting artificial joints for measuring dimensions, e.g. length
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0058Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2250/0096Markers and sensors for detecting a position or changes of a position of an implant, e.g. RF sensors, ultrasound markers
    • A61F2250/0098Markers and sensors for detecting a position or changes of a position of an implant, e.g. RF sensors, ultrasound markers radio-opaque, e.g. radio-opaque markers

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Description

(発明の背景)
本発明は、脊髄中線指示器に関する。
外科医が、脊椎の中央線または正中線を確立することが正確であり得る、ALIF(前方腰椎椎体癒合)またはACIF(前方頸椎癒合)のケージまたは脊髄ディクス補充手順を実施することが重要である。外科医が脊椎正中線の位置を正確に確立し、その正中線上にケージまたは脊椎ディスクを正確に配置し得るのはたった一度だけである。中心をずれた配置は、偏心負荷、および起こり得る初期の機能不全を生じ、またはその磨耗を加速する。
現在、外科医は、A−P(前方−後方)イメージの視覚検査により脊椎正中線を確立することを試みている。しかし、これは、しばしば不正確であり、そして上記のような起こり得る欠点とともに引き続くケージまたはディスクの中心をずれた配置に至り得る。
本発明は、上記脊椎正中線の正確な確立を容易にする器具を提供することを求める。
(発明の要旨)
本発明によれば、脊髄中線指示器であって、隣接する椎骨間への挿入のための放射線透過性材料の本体、およびこの本体の中央に随伴する放射線撮影マーカーであって、A−P放射線撮影において、この本体が椎骨間にほぼ位置決めされるとき、脊髄中線の位置を示すマーカーを備える。簡便には、上記放射線撮影マーカーは、細長いハンドルである。この細長いハンドルは、上記本体に接続されて上記椎骨間の本体の配置を容易にする。この細長いハンドルは、放射線撮影材料から作製される。
好ましい実施形態では、上記本体は、第1の放射線撮影マーカーとして供される上記ハンドルに加え、上記第1のマーカーの反対側にありかつこの第1のマーカーから等距離にある第2のマーカーを保持し、それによって、この第1のマーカーが、上記本体が上記椎骨間の中央に配置されるとき上記脊髄中線の位置を示し、そしてこの第2のマーカーは、放射線撮影において上記椎骨の側方エッジから等距離であるように観察される。
さらに、本発明によれば、脊髄正中線を識別する方法が提供され、この方法は、上記で要約された脊髄中線指示器の本体を、隣接する椎骨の間に挿入する工程、この本体を、放射線撮影マーカーが放射線撮影で脊髄正中線上に観察されるように操作する工程、およびこの放射線撮影マーカーの位置をガイドとして用い、椎骨のマーキング(例えば、ピン)を付与し、該正中線を示す工程、を包含する方法である。
本発明のその他の特徴は、添付の特許請求の範囲に提示される。
本発明は、添付の図面を参照して、例示のみによってより詳細に記載される。
(好ましい実施形態の説明)
図1〜4に見られる正中線指示器10は、細長いハンドル12、およびこのハンドルの1つの端部で中心が保持される本体14を含む。このハンドルは、放射線撮影材料、すなわち、X線放射を含むスペクトルの電波部分中の照射に対して不透過性である材料から作製される。このハンドルは、例えば、ステンレス鋼またはチタンから作製され得る。上記本体14は、放射線透過性材料、すなわち、上記照射に対して少なくともある程度は透明である材料から作製される。この本体は、例えば、PEEK(ポリエーテルエーテルケトン)またはUHMWPE(超高分子量ポリエチレン)から作製され得る。
この本体14内に包埋されて、これもまたステンレス鋼またはチタンのような材料である、2つの細長いマーカー16がある。これらマーカー16は、上記ハンドル12とは平行に配列され、そしてこのハンドルの反対側に、かつ等距離に位置決めされる。
図5は、隣接する上部椎骨および下部椎骨18および20それぞれを前方図で示す。上記で説明したように、前方で実施されるALIFまたはACIFケージまたは脊椎ディスク補充手順の間に、外科医が、直線22によって示されような、脊椎正中線を正確に確立し得ることは重要である。なぜなら、補充ディスクまたはケージが配置されなければならないのは、この直線上の中心であるからである。この手順は、代表的には、患者を仰向けにして横たえ、かつ背中を平坦にして、正面切開により実施されるからである。
正中線22を確立するために、外科医は、ハンドル12を垂直配向で整列し、そしてそれを用いて椎骨18と20との間に本体14を挿入する。この挿入が起こるために、別個の器具(図示せず)を用いて椎骨を離して保持することが理解される。この本体を中心でハンドル12と垂直に配向させる試みがなされ、それによって、ハンドルが正中線22を正確に示すことを確実にする。
X線写真または放射線撮影が、垂直のA−P方向でとられる。この放射線撮影では、ハンドル12、マーカー16および椎骨18、20が、視認され得る。マーカー16がこれら椎骨の骨エッジ23から等距離に側方に間隔を置かれること、すなわち、距離25が、両側で同じであることを確実にすることにより、外科医は、本体14およびハンドル12が中心に配置されることを確実にし得る。この手順の間に、ハンドル12自体が、中央位置を示す放射線撮影マーカーとして作用することが理解され得る。
ハンドル12およびマーカー16が、放射線撮影が行われるA−P方向と整列される場合、それらは、小さな側方寸法の単なる点として放射線撮影で出現することがまた理解される。しかし、このハンドルが、A−P、すなわち、垂直方向に完全に整列しないとき、視差効果が生じ、ハンドルとマーカーは、点よりむしろ直線として観察される。
これは、図6に示され、そこでは、実線は、正確なA−Pまたは垂直配向にあるハンドル10を示し、そして点線は、ハンドルを、角度θだけ誤整列されている配向を示す。矢印24よって示されるA−P方向における放射線撮影では、ハンドル12およびマーカー16は、実線の配向では点として見えるが、点線の配向では短い直線として見えることが理解される。
放射線撮影を考慮し、かつそれに由来する情報に応答して指示器10を操作することにより、外科医は、上記指示器が正確な位置および配向にあることを確実にし得る。その指示器が、正確な位置かつ正確な配向にあると、そのハンドル12は、正中線22を含む垂直平面中に見出される。ここで、外科医は、その正中線のポジティブ指示器としてこのハンドルを用い得る。外科医は、例えば、椎骨の1つにピン26を叩くことによりこの正中線を正確にマークし得る。
一旦、この正中線が椎骨の1つまたは両方にマークされると、指示器10はもはや必要ではなく、そして後の再使用のために除去され得る。マーカー(単数または複数)は、正中線22を示すために供され、引き続く、関係ある補綴の正確な位置決めが起こることを可能にする。
図1は、本発明による脊椎正中線指示器の斜視図である。 図2は、図1の矢印2の方向の上記指示器の側面図である。 図3は、図1の矢印3の方向の上記指示器の側面図である。 図4は、図1の矢印4の方向の上記指示器の端面図である。 図5は、使用における上記指示器を概略的に示す。 図6は、図5の直線6−6における略断面図である。

Claims (16)

  1. 脊髄中線指示器であって、
    隣接する椎骨間への挿入のための放射線透過性材料の本体;
    該本体の中央に随伴する放射線不透過性マーカーであって、A−P放射線撮影において、該本体が椎骨間にほぼ位置決めされるとき、脊髄中線の位置を示すマーカー;および
    該中央のマーカーから等距離で反対側にある対向する放射線不透過性マーカー
    を備える、脊髄中線指示器。
  2. 前記中央の放射線不透過性マーカーが、前記本体に接続され、前記椎骨間の該本体の配置を容易にし、そして放射線不透過性材料から作製される細長いハンドルである、請求項1に記載の脊髄中線指示器。
  3. 前記ハンドルが、ステンレス鋼またはチタンから作製される、請求項2に記載の脊髄中線指示器。
  4. 前記中央のマーカーが、前記本体が前記椎骨間の中央に配置されるとき前記脊髄中線の位置を示し、そして前記対向するマーカーが、放射線撮影において該椎骨の側方エッジから等距離であるように観察される、請求項1に記載の脊髄中線指示器。
  5. 前記中央の放射線不透過性マーカーが、前記本体に接続されている細長いハンドルであって、前記椎骨間の該本体の配置を容易にし、かつ放射線撮影材から作製されている、請求項4に記載の脊髄中線指示器。
  6. 前記ハンドルが、ステンレス鋼またはチタンから作製される、請求項5に記載の脊髄中線指示器。
  7. 前記ハンドルが、前記本体中に埋め込まれる、請求項5または請求項6に記載の脊髄中線指示器。
  8. 前記ハンドルが、前記本体を通じて延びる、請求項7に記載の脊髄中線指示器。
  9. 前記対向する放射線不透過性マーカーが細長い形状であって、かつ前記ハンドルに平行であり、前記A−Pの方向に対するマーカーの配列が放射線撮影で評価され得る、請求項5〜8のいずれか1項記載の脊髄中線指示器。
  10. 前記対向するマーカーが、ステンレス鋼またはチタンから作製される、請求項9に記載の脊髄中線指示器。
  11. 前記対向するマーカーが、前記本体中に埋め込まれる、請求項10に記載の脊髄中線指示器。
  12. 前記対向するマーカーが、前記本体を通じて延びる、請求項11に記載の脊髄中線指示器。
  13. 前記本体が、PEEKまたはUHMWPEから作製される、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の脊髄中線指示器。
  14. 前記本体が、楕円形形状を有し、そして平坦な形状である、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の脊髄中線指示器。
  15. 髄中線を識別するためのシステムであって、以下、
    隣接する椎骨の間に挿入するように構成された請求項1に記載の脊髄中線指示器の本体であって、該本体を操作したときに、放射線不透過性マーカーが放射線撮影で脊髄中線上に観察されるようにされた本体、および
    該中線を示すために、椎骨のマーキングを付与するための手段、
    を含む、システム。
  16. 前記マーキングするための手段が、ピンを含む、請求項15に記載のシステム。
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US7637913B2 (en) 2009-12-29
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