JP2007511606A - キナーゼ疾患を処置することにおいて有用なアミノ置換されたピリジニルメタノン化合物 - Google Patents
キナーゼ疾患を処置することにおいて有用なアミノ置換されたピリジニルメタノン化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007511606A JP2007511606A JP2006541225A JP2006541225A JP2007511606A JP 2007511606 A JP2007511606 A JP 2007511606A JP 2006541225 A JP2006541225 A JP 2006541225A JP 2006541225 A JP2006541225 A JP 2006541225A JP 2007511606 A JP2007511606 A JP 2007511606A
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Classifications
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- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C07D213/74—Amino or imino radicals substituted by hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D409/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
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- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本願は、2003年11月19日に出願された出願第60/523,478号に優先権を請求する。
もしくは負の増殖刺激に応答して「抑制される」ことができる。これらの天然に存在するタンパク質インヒビターには、p21WAF1/CIP1、p27KIP1およびp16INK4ファミリーが包含され、このうち後者はCDK4のみを阻害する(非特許文献4を参照)。この制御系における異常、特にCDK4およびCDK2の機能に影響を与えるものは、家族性黒色腫、食道癌および膵臓癌のような悪性腫瘍に特有の非常に増殖性の状態への細胞の進行に関与する(例えば、非特許文献5;および非特許文献6を参照)。サイクリンD1の過剰発現は、食道癌、乳癌および扁平上皮細胞癌に関係がある(例えば、非特許文献7を参照)。p16ファミリーのCDK4特異的インヒビターをコードする遺伝子は、家族性黒色腫、神経膠腫、白血病、肉腫、ならびに膵臓癌、非小細胞肺癌および頭頸部癌において欠失および突然変異を有することが多い(非特許文献8を参照)。サイクリンEの増幅および/もしくは過剰発現もまた、多種多様な充実性腫瘍において認められており、そして高いサイクリンEレベルは不良な予後と相関している。さらに、CDK2/サイクリンEの基質およびインヒビターの両方として働く、CDKインヒビターp27の細胞レベルは、乳癌、結腸癌および前立腺癌において異常に低く、そしてp27の発現レベルは病状と逆の相関関係がある(非特許文献9を参照)。p21タンパク質もまた、p53腫瘍抑制シグナルをCDKに伝達するように思われ;従って、全てのヒト癌のほぼ50%におけるp53の突然変異は、CDK活性の脱制御を間接的にもたらし得る。
Science,vol.274(1996),p.1643−1677 Ann.Rev.Cell Dev.Biol,vol.13(1997),pp.261−291 Lukas et al.,"Cyclin E−induced S Phase Without Activation of the pRb/E2F Pathway,"Genes and Dev.,vol.11(1997),pp.1479−1492 Harper,"Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitors,"Cancer Surv.,vol.29(1997),pp.91−107 Hall and Peters,"Genetic Alterations of Cyclins,Cyclin−Dependent Kinases,and CDK Inhibitors in Human Cancer,"Adv.Cancer Res.,vol.68(1996),pp.67−108 Kamb et al.,"A Cell Cycle Regulator Potentially Involved in Genesis of Many Tumor Types,"Science,vol.264(1994),pp.436−440 DelSal et al.,"Cell Cycle and Cancer:Critical Events at the G1 Restriction Point,"Critical Rev.Oncogenesis,vol.71(1996),pp.127−142 Nobori et al.,"Deletions of the Cyclin−Dependent Kinase−4 Inhibitor Gene in Multiple Human Cancers,"Nature,vol.368(1994),pp.753−756 Loda et al.,"Increased Proteasome−dependent Degradation of the Cyclin−Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 in Aggressive Colorectal Carcinomas,"Nature Medicine,vol.3(1997),pp.231−234
従って、本発明の1つの目的は、1種もしくはそれ以上のCDKもしくはそのサイクリン複合体の活性を阻害する化合物および薬剤組成物を得ることである。さらなる目的は、CDK阻害によって癌適応症を処置する有効な方法を提供することである。別の目的は、癌細胞のそれらの増殖期への移行を阻止するために有効な化合物を含有する製薬学的組成物を得ることである。以下に詳細な記述に照らして明らかになる、本発明のこれらおよび他の目的および利点は、下記の本発明の化合物の使用によって達成される。
R1は:
(1)水素;
(2)場合により
(a)C1〜8アルキル、C1〜8アルコキシ、アミノ(場合によりC1〜8アルキルでモノもしくはジ置換されていてもよい)、シアノ、ハロゲン、ハロゲン置換されたC1〜8アルキル、ハロゲン置換されたC1〜8アルコキシ、ヒドロキシもしくはニトロから独立して選択される1個もしくはそれ以上の置換基;
(b)場合によりC1〜8アルキル、C1〜8アルキルアミノ(場合によりC1〜8アルキルでアミノ上でモノもしくはジ置換されていてもよい)、C1〜8アルキル−アリール、C(O)O−t−ブチルもしくはヘテロアリールでアミノ上でモノもしくはジ置換されていてもよい1個の−SO2−アミノ置換基;
(c)1個の−SO2−ヘテロサイクリル置換基;
(d)1個の−NHSO2−アリール置換基;
(e)場合によりC1〜8アルキルでアミノ上でモノもしくはジ置換されていてもよい1個の−C(O)アミノ置換基;
(f)末端がC1〜8アルキルもしくはアリールである1個の−NHC(O)−置換基;
(g)末端が水素もしくはC1〜8アルキルである1個の−CO2−置換基;
(h)1個の−NHC(O)NH−アリール置換基;または
(i)1個の−NHC(S)NH−アリール置換基;
(j)ヘテロサイクリル、アリールもしくはヘテロアリールから選択される1個の置換基
で置換されていてもよいアリール;
(3)場合によりC1〜8アルキル、C1〜8アルコキシ、アミノ(場合によりC1〜8アルキルでモノもしくはジ置換されていてもよい)、シアノ、ハロゲン、ハロゲン置換されたC1〜8アルキル、ハロゲン置換されたC1〜8アルコキシ、ヒドロキシもしくはニ
トロから独立して選択される1個もしくはそれ以上の置換基で置換されていてもよいヘテロアリール;
(4)末端がアリール、ヘテロアリールもしくはアルキルである−C(O)−;
(5)末端がアリール、ヘテロアリールもしくはアルキルである−C(O)NH−置換基;または
(6)末端がアリール、ヘテロアリールもしくはアルキルである−C(S)NH−置換基から選択され;
R2は水素、C1〜8アルキル、C1〜8アルコキシ、アミノ(場合によりC1〜8アルキルでモノもしくはジ置換されていてもよい)、シアノ、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシ、メルカプト、S(C1〜8)アルキルもしくはニトロから選択され;
ここで、C1〜8アルキルおよびC1〜8アルコキシは、単独であろうともしくは置換基の一部としてであろうと、場合によりハロゲンもしくはアミノ(場合によりC1〜8アルキルでアミノ上でモノもしくはジ置換されていてもよい)から独立して選択される1個もしくはそれ以上の置換基で置換されていてもよく;
R3はアリールもしくはヘテロアリールから選択され、
(1)ここで、アリールは場合によりC1〜8アルキル、C1〜8アルコキシ、アミノ(場合によりC1〜8アルキルでモノもしくはジ置換されていてもよい)、シアノ、ハロゲン、ハロゲン置換されたC1〜8アルキル、ハロゲン置換されたC1〜8アルコキシ、ヒドロキシもしくはニトロから独立して選択される1個もしくはそれ以上の置換基で置換されていてもよく;そして
(2)ここで、ヘテロアリールは場合により
(a)C1〜8アルキル、C1〜8アルコキシ、アミノ(場合によりC1〜8アルキルでモノもしくはジ置換されていてもよい)、シアノ、ハロゲン、ハロゲン置換されたC1〜8アルキル、ハロゲン置換されたC1〜8アルコキシ、ヒドロキシもしくはニトロから選択される1個もしくはそれ以上の置換基で環炭素原子上で;または
(b)1個のC1〜8アルキル置換基で環窒素原子上で
置換されていてもよい]
のアミノ置換されたピリジニルメタノン化合物およびその製薬学的に許容しうる形態を提供する。
本発明の態様には、R1が水素である式(I)の化合物が包含される。
(a)C1〜8アルキル、C1〜8アルコキシ、アミノ(場合によりC1〜8アルキルでモノもしくはジ置換されていてもよい)、シアノ、ハロゲン、ハロゲン置換されたC1〜8アルキル、ハロゲン置換されたC1〜8アルコキシ、ヒドロキシもしくはニトロから独立して選択される1個もしくはそれ以上の置換基;
(b)場合によりC1〜8アルキル、C1〜8アルキルアミノ(場合によりC1〜8アルキルでアミノ上でモノもしくはジ置換されていてもよい)、C1〜8アルキル−アリール、C(O)O−t−ブチルもしくはヘテロアリールでアミノ上でモノもしくはジ置換されていてもよい1個の−SO2−アミノ置換基;
(c)1個の−SO2−ヘテロサイクリル置換基;
(d)1個の−NHSO2−アリール置換基;
(e)場合によりC1〜8アルキルでアミノ上でモノもしくはジ置換されていてもよい1個の−C(O)アミノ置換基;
(f)末端がC1〜8アルキルもしくはアリールである1個の−NHC(O)−置換基;
(g)末端が水素もしくはC1〜8アルキルである1個の−CO2−置換基;
(h)1個の−NHC(O)NH−アリール置換基;
(i)1個の−NHC(S)NH−アリール置換基;または
(j)ヘテロサイクリル、アリールもしくはヘテロアリールから選択される1個の置換基
で置換されていてもよいフェニルである式(I)の化合物が包含される。
(a)C1〜8アルキル、C1〜8アルコキシ、アミノ(場合によりC1〜8アルキルでモノもしくはジ置換されていてもよい)、シアノ、ハロゲン、ハロゲン置換されたC1〜8アルキル、ハロゲン置換されたC1〜8アルコキシ、ヒドロキシもしくはニトロから独立して選択される1個もしくはそれ以上の置換基;
(b)場合によりC1〜8アルキル、C1〜8アルキルアミノ(場合によりC1〜8アルキルでアミノ上でモノもしくはジ置換されていてもよい)、C1〜8アルキル−アリール、C(O)O−t−ブチルもしくはヘテロアリールでアミノ上でモノもしくはジ置換されていてもよい1個の−SO2−アミノ置換基;
(c)1個の−SO2−ヘテロサイクリル置換基;
(d)1個の−NHSO2−フェニル置換基;
(e)場合によりC1〜8アルキルでアミノ上でモノもしくはジ置換されていてもよい1個の−C(O)アミノ置換基;
(f)末端がC1〜8アルキルもしくはフェニルである1個の−NHC(O)−置換基;
(g)末端が水素もしくはC1〜8アルキルである1個の−CO2−置換基;
(h)1個の−NHC(O)NH−フェニル置換基;
(i)1個の−NHC(S)NH−フェニル置換基;または
(j)ヘテロサイクリル、フェニルもしくはヘテロアリールから選択される1個の置換基
で置換されていてもよいフェニルである式(I)の化合物が包含される。
(a)アミノ(場合によりC1〜8アルキルでモノもしくはジ置換されていてもよい)、シアノ、ハロゲンもしくはニトロから独立して選択される1個もしくはそれ以上の置換基;
(b)場合によりC1〜8アルキル、C1〜8アルキルアミノ(場合によりC1〜8アルキルでアミノ上でモノもしくはジ置換されていてもよい)、C1〜8アルキル−アリール、C(O)O−t−ブチルもしくはヘテロアリールでアミノ上でモノもしくはジ置換されていてもよい1個の−SO2−アミノ置換基;
(c)1個の−SO2−ヘテロサイクリル置換基;
(d)1個の−NHSO2−フェニル置換基;
(e)1個の−C(O)アミノ置換基;
(f)末端がC1〜8アルキルもしくはフェニルである1個の−NHC(O)−置換基;
(g)末端が水素もしくはC1〜8アルキルである1個の−CO2−置換基;
(h)1個の−NHC(O)NH−フェニル置換基;または
(i)1個の−NHC(S)NH−フェニル置換基
で置換されていてもよいフェニルである式(I)の化合物が包含される。
−F2)PhでありそしてR1が:
本明細書において用いる場合、以下の用語は下記の意味を有するものとする(追加の定義は、本明細書の全体にわたって与えられる):
「C a〜b 」(ここで、aおよびbは炭素原子の指定された数をさす整数である)という用語は、a、bを含んで(inclusive)a〜b個の炭素原子を含有するアルキルをもしくはアルキルが接頭辞語根(prefix root)として表示される基のアルキル部分をさす。例えば、C1〜4は1、2、3もしくは4個の炭素原子を含有する基を表す。
した分枝鎖状もしくは直鎖状の1価の炭化水素基をさし、ここで、該基は単一の炭素原子からの1個の水素原子の除去により得られる。典型的なアルキル基には、メチル、エチル、プロピル、ブチルなどが包含されるが、これらに限定されるものではない。態様には、例えばアルキル基C1〜8アルキルもしくはC1〜4アルキルが包含される。
分的に飽和した単環式環または環員が炭素原子およびN、P、OもしくはSから選択される少なくとも1個のヘテロ原子からなる5〜20環員の不飽和のもしくは部分的に飽和した多環式縮合環系をさす。態様には、環の1、2、3もしくは4員が窒素原子であるか、または環の0、1、2もしくは3員が窒素原子でありそして1員が酸素もしくは硫黄原子である環が包含される。許容される場合の他の態様として、2個までの隣接する環員はヘテロ原子である。「親複素芳香族環系」の定義内に特に包含されるのは、1個もしくはそれ以上の炭素原子がヘテロ原子で各々独立して置換される、1個もしくはそれ以上の環が芳香族でありそして1個もしくはそれ以上の環が飽和しているかもしくは不飽和である縮合環系である。
−(C1〜6)アルキル−C(O)NH−(C1〜6)アルキル−Ph
におけるように、最初にハイフンとともに結合点を有する官能基、続いて隣接する官能基を側鎖の末端部分に向かって示すことにより、もしくは例えば:
Ph−(C1〜6)アルキルアミド(C1〜6)アルキル−
におけるように、側鎖の末端部分を最初に、続いて隣接する官能基を結合点に向かって記述することにより得られ、これらのいずれも式:
本発明の製薬学的組成物は、式Iの化合物の代わりにもしくはそれに加えて、有効成分として式Iの化合物の製薬学的に許容しうる塩またはそのような化合物もしくは塩のプロ
ドラッグもしくは製薬学的に活性の代謝産物を含んでなることができる。
塩)の代謝前駆体をさす。プロドラッグは、患者に投与される時に不活性であり得るが、インビボで活性化合物に転化される。「活性代謝産物」という用語は、製薬学的に許容しうるそして有効である化合物の代謝産物をさす。
依存性キナーゼ媒介疾患を処置するかもしくは改善するための予防的および治療的方法が包含される。
増加したもしくは無制御なCDK活性もしくは発現、
望ましくない細胞増殖をもたらす増加したCDK発現、または
CDKの構成的活性化をもたらす突然変異
のいずれかをさす。
サイクリン依存性キナーゼ媒介疾患を予防するか、処置するかもしくは改善するための式(I)の化合物もしくはその組成物と化学療法薬の共投与、
サイクリン依存性キナーゼ媒介疾患を予防するか、処置するかもしくは改善するための式(I)の化合物もしくはその組成物と化学療法薬の順次投与、
サイクリン依存性キナーゼ媒介疾患を予防するか、処置するかもしくは改善するための式(I)の化合物および化学療法薬を含有する組成物の投与、または
サイクリン依存性キナーゼ媒介疾患を予防するか、処置するかもしくは改善するための式(I)の化合物を含有する別個の組成物と化学療法薬を含有する別個の組成物の同時投与
から選択される。
を付けたシロップ剤、水性もしくは油懸濁剤、および綿実油、ゴマ油、ココナッツ油もしくはピーナッツ油のような食用油での風味を付けたエマルジョン、ならびにエリキシル剤および同様の製薬学的賦形剤である。水性懸濁剤に適当な分散剤もしくは沈殿防止剤には、合成および天然ゴム、例えばトラガカント、アカシア、アルギン酸塩、デキストラン、ナトリウムカルボキシメチルセルロース、メチルセルロース、ポリビニル−ピロリドンもしくはゼラチンが包含される。適当に風味を付けた沈殿防止剤もしくは分散剤における液状形態はまた、合成および天然ゴム、例えば、トラガカント、アカシア、メチル−セルロースなどを含むこともできる。非経口投与には、滅菌懸濁剤および液剤が望ましい。静脈内投与が望ましい場合、一般に適当な防腐剤を含有する等張製剤が用いられる。
「Ph」もしくは「PH」 フェニル
「BINAP」 2,2’−ビス(ジフェニルホスフィノ)−1,1’−ビ
ナフチル
「Bn」 ベンジル
「Me」 メチル
「Et」 エチル
「Py」 ピリジン
「Cpd」 化合物
「DIC」 1,3−ジイソプロピルカルボジイミド
「EDIC」 1−(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)−3−エチルカルボ
ジイミド
「HOBt」 1−ヒドロキシベンゾトリアゾール
「THF」 テトラヒドロフラン
「DMF」 N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド
「DMSO」 ジメチルスルホキシド
「LDA」 リチウムジイソプロピルアミド
「Pd2(dba)3」 トリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)ジパラジウム(0)
「DPPF」 1,1’−ビス(ジフェニルホスフィニ)フェロセン
「TFA」 トリフルオロ酢酸
「TMEDA」 テトラメチルエチレンジアミン
本発明の代表的な化合物は、下記の一般的な合成方法に従って合成することができ、それらはその後に続くスキームにおいてさらに特に説明される。本発明は、表される化学反応および条件により限定されると解釈されるべきではない。スキームにおいて使用する様々な出発物質の製造は、当該技術分野に精通している者の技量の十分に範囲内である。
スキームAに従って、適当な溶媒(t−ブチルメチルエーテル、THFなどのような)中の化合物A1(Zimmerman,SC,et al.,J.Org.Chem.,1993,58,6625により記述されるとおり製造する)(ここで、PGは保護基(ピバロイル(pivoloy)、Bocなどのような)を表す)の冷溶液にリチオ化剤(n−ブチルリチウム、t−ブチルリチウムなどのような)をゆっくりと加えた。混合物を温め、そして攪拌した。次に、化合物A2(ここで、R3は本明細書において定義するとおりであり、そしてXはハロゲンのような脱離基であり;ここで、R3が反応性置換基である場合、該置換基は任意の周知の保護基でブロックされる)を加え、そして混合物を冷却し、そして攪拌した。次に、混合物を酸で中和し、そして適当な溶媒(塩化メチレンのような)で抽出して化合物A3を生成せしめた。
スキームBに従って、適当な溶媒(塩化メチレンのような)中の化合物B1(ここで、R1はジベンジル(Bn)アミノスルホニルで置換されたフェニルのような置換された環系である)の溶液に適当な溶媒(塩化メチレンのような)中のBBr3溶液を加えた。反応混合物を還流し、そして蒸発乾固させ、2個のN−ベンジル保護基の一つの除去をもたらした。乾燥残留物を酢酸と水性HI(58重量%)の混合物に再溶解し、次に還流し、そして蒸発乾固させた。残留生成物を飽和水性重炭酸ナトリウムのような水性塩基の溶液と塩化メチレンのような有機溶媒との間で分配し、次に塩化メチレンで抽出した。有機層を合わせ、乾燥させ、濃縮し、そして精製して化合物B2を生成せしめた。
化合物C1(ここで、R1はシアノ置換されたフェニルのような環系である)を加水分解して(Larock,RC.,Comprehensive Organic Transformations,VCH Publishers,New York,1989,993−994により記述されるとおり)化合物C2および化合物C3の混合物を生成せしめた。
化合物D1(ここで、R1はニトロ置換されたフェニルのような環系である)をPd触媒による水素化(Larock、上記、411−415に記述されるとおり)を用いて還元して化合物D2を生成せしめた。ある場合において、特定の試薬(実施例5において使用するギ酸アンモニウムのような)は、主要生成物として化合物D2そして微量生成物として化合物D2aの混合物を生成せしめる。化合物D2上の末端アミノ基を、還元的アミノ化(Larock、上記、421−425に記述されるとおり)、アルキル化(Larock、上記、397−406に記述されるとおり)もしくはアシル化(Larock、上記、972−976に記述されるとおり)を用いてさらにモノもしくはジ置換して(W1もしくはW2置換されたX基でのような;ここで、W1およびW2は独立してアルキル、C(O)アルキル、C(O)アリール、SO2アルキル、SO2アミノもしくはSO2アリールであり、そしてXはハロゲンである)化合物D3を生成せしめ、そしてさらに化合物D4を生成せしめ、もしくは混合物における化合物D2および化合物D2a上についてなすことができる。
本発明を代表する特定の化合物は、以下の実施例および反応順序のように製造された。実施例および反応順序を示す図は、本発明の理解に役立つように例として与えられ、そして本発明を限定するとどのような点においても解釈されるべきではない。示される中間体はまた、本発明の追加の化合物を製造するためにその後の実施例において使用されることもできる。反応のいずれかにおいて得られる収率を最適化しようとする試みはなされていない。
[実施例1]
n−ブチルリチウム(ヘキサン中1.6M、23.3mL、37.3mmol)を約−15℃の温度で無水t−ブチルメチルエーテル(35mL)およびTMEDA(1.5mL)中のN−[3−(2,6−ジフルオロベンゾイル)−6−[(2,2−ジメチル−1−オキソプロピル)アミノ]−2−ピリジニル]−2,2−ジメチルプロパンアミド 化合物A1(スキームAに記述されるとおり製造する)の溶液に滴下して加えた。次に、混合物を約0〜約15℃の間の温度で約16時間攪拌した。
NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ11.9(s,br,1H),9.0(s,br,1H),8.10−7.40(m,3H),1.45(s,6H),1.32(s,12H);MS(ESI)m/z:418(M+H+),440(M+Na+)。
N,N−ジベンジル−4−ヨードベンゼンスルホンアミド 化合物2a(20.4mg、0.044mmol)、Pd2(dba)3(1.0mg)、BINAP(1.8mg)および炭酸セシウム(13mg、0.04mmol)をジオキサン(0.20mL)およびトルエン(0.25mL)中の化合物1(10mg、0.04mmol)の溶液に加えた。得られる混合物を油浴中で(約90〜約100oCの温度で)約24時間攪拌した。混合物をrtに冷却し、次に水(20mL)を加え、そして塩化メチレン(4x20mL)で抽出した。有機層を合わせ、乾燥させ、そして蒸発させ、次にクロマトグラフィー(シリカゲル上、1:1の酢酸エチル:ヘキサンで溶出する)により分離して4−[[6−アミノ−5−(2,6−ジフルオロベンゾイル)−2−ピリジニル]アミノ]−N,N
−ビス(フェニルメチル)ベンゼンスルホンアミド 化合物2b(11mg、46%の収率)を黄色の粉末として生成せしめた。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ9.0(s,br,2H),7.80(d,2H),7.62(d,2H),7.40−7.58(m,2H),7.35−6.95(m,12H),6.40(s,br,1H),6.12(d,1H),7.35(s,4H);MS(ESI)m/z:585(M+H+),607(M+Na+)。
化合物13は、ヨードベンゼンでの化合物1の求核置換により製造した(26%の収率)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.99-6.58(m,10H);MS(ESI)m/z:326.0(M+H+),339.1(M+Na+)。
4−[[6−アミノ−5−(2,6−ジフルオロベンゾイル)−2−ピリジニル]アミノ]安息香酸(化合物16)
濃HCl(1mL)を化合物8(17mg、0.048mmol)の懸濁液に加え、そして混合物を攪拌して油浴中約90℃で一晩加熱した。次に、混合物を真空中で蒸発させ
、そしてHPLC分離に供して化合物15(3.9mg、23%の収率)および化合物16(4.8mg、27%の収率)の混合物を生成せしめた。
化合物16について:1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δ8.12(d,2H),7.60(d,2H),7.50(m,1H),7.32(d,1H),7.12(t,2H),6.15(d,1H);MS(ESI)m/z:370(M+H+),392(M+Na+);HRFAB−MS(C19H14F2N3O3):計算値370.1017,実測値370.1003(M+H+)。
[2−アミノ−6−[[4−(メチルアミノ)フェニル]アミノ]−3−ピリジニル](2,6−ジフルオロフェニル)メタノン(化合物18)
ギ酸アンモニウム(100mg,1.6mmol)をメタノール(2mL)中の化合物9(16mg、0.043mmol)および10%のPd/C(5mg)の溶液に加えた。得られる混合物を1.5時間還流し、そして濃縮した。次に、残留物をクロマトグラフィー分離(シリカゲル上、1:1の酢酸エチル/ヘキサンで溶出する)に供して化合物17(6.8mg、46%の収率)および化合物18(2.2mg、14%の収率)の混合物を生成せしめた。
化合物18について:1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δ7.52(m,1H),7.38(m,2H),7.25−7.05(m,3H),6.68(d,2H),5.95(d,1H);1H NMR(CDCl3)δ8.8(s,2H),7.3−7.2(m,3H),7.08(d,2H),7.05(t,2H),6.80(s,1H),6.62(d,2H),5.88(d,1H),2.92(s,3H);MS(E
SI)m/z:355(M+H+),377(M+Na+);HRFAB−MS(C19H16F2N4O):計算値355.1368,実測値355.1370(M+H+)。
THF(0.2mL)および塩化メチレン(0.2mL)中の化合物17(5.8mg、0.017mmol)、塩化ベンゼンスルホニル(2.38mL、0.019mmol)、トリエチルアミン(2.9mL、0.021mmol)の溶液をrtで約2時間攪拌した。次に、得られた混合物をクロマトグラフィー(シリカゲル上、1:1の酢酸エチル:ヘキサンで溶出する)により分離して化合物19(6mg、73%の収率)を生成せしめた。
化合物20は、化合物12のパラジウム触媒による水素化によって実施例5の方法を用いて製造した(90%の収率)。1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δ7.48(m,1H),7.10(m,5H),6.86(m,1H),6.72(m,1H),5.84(d,J=8.9Hz,1H);MS(ESI)m/z:341.0(M+H+),363(M+Na+)。
化合物24は、N,N−ジメチル−4−ヨードベンゼンスルホンアミド 化合物8aでの化合物2の求核置換により製造した(35%の収率)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.73(s,4H),7.42(m,4H),7.10(m,2H),6.05(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),2.71(s,6H);MS(ESI)m/z:415.0(M+H+),437.0(M+Na+)。
化合物25は、N,N−ジメチル−4−ヨードベンゼンスルホンアミド 化合物8aでの化合物3の求核置換により製造した(80%の収率)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.65(m,10H),2.74(m,6H);MS(ESI)m/z:397.1(M+H+)。
化合物27は、N,N−ジメチル−4−ヨードベンゼンスルホンアミド(化合物 8a)での化合物4の求核置換により製造した(60%の収率)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.38(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.86(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.68(m,6H),7.16(dd,J=0.5,3.5Hz,1H),7.12(s,1H),6.56(m,1H),6.18(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),2.71(s,1H);MS(ESI)m/z:387.1(M+H+)。
化合物29は、N,N−ジメチル−4−ヨードベンゼンスルホンアミドでの化合物5の求核置換により製造した(48%の収率)。
1−[6−アミノ−4−ブトキシ−5−(2,6−ジフルオロ−ベンゾイル)−ピリジン−2−イル]−3−フェニル−尿素(化合物32)
1−[6−アミノ−4−ブトキシ−5−(2,6−ジフルオロ−ベンゾイル)−ピリジン−2−イル]−3−フェニル−チオ尿素(化合物33)
N−[6−アミノ−4−ブトキシ−5−(2,6−ジフルオロ−ベンゾイル)−ピリジン−2−イル]−ベンズアミド(化合物34)
4−[6−アミノ−4−ブトキシ−5−(2,6−ジフルオロ−ベンゾイル)−ピリジン−2−イルアミノ]−N,N−ジメチル−ベンゼンスルホンアミド(化合物35)
4−[6−アミノ−4−ブトキシ−5−(2,6−ジフルオロ−ベンゾイル)−ピリジン−2−イルアミノ]−ベンゼンスルホンアミド(化合物36)
サイクリン依存性キナーゼ媒介疾患を処置するかもしくは改善するための化合物の有用性を以下の方法を用いて決定した。
[実施例1]
50mMのTris−HCl pH=8、10mMのMgCl2、0.1mMのNa3PO4、1mMのDTT、10μMのATP、0.025mMのビオチニル化ヒストン−H1ペプチド基質および0.2μキュリー/ウェルの33P−γ−ATP[2000〜3000Ci/mmol]を含有するキナーゼ反応混合物を調製した。70μLのキナーゼ反応混合物をストレプトアジビン被覆FlashPlatea(Cat.#SMP103,NEN,Boston,MA)のウェルに分注した。次に、100%のDMSO中の試験化合物ストックの1μLをウェルに加え、100μLの最終反応容量を有する反応における1%のDMSOの最終濃度をもたらした。CDK1:サイクリン−Bタンパク質1を1ng/マイクロリットルの濃度で50mMのTris−HCl pH=8.0、0.1%のBSAに希釈した。30μL(試験ウェル当たり30ngの酵素)を各ウェルに加えて反応を開始した。反応物を30℃で1時間インキュベーションした。1時間のインキュベーションの最後に、プレートから反応混合物を吸引しそしてウェルを100mMのEDTAを含有するPBSで2回洗浄することにより反応を終わらせた。ヒストン−H1ビオチニル化ペプチド基質は、FlashplateTM上に固定されるようになり、そしてプレートをシンチレーションカウンター上で読み取ることにより33P−γ−ATPの取り込みを測定した。CDK1の酵素活性の阻害は、固定化ペプチドに取り込まれる33P−γ−ATPの減少した量を認めることにより測定された。
1CDK1(サイクリン依存性キナーゼ1)は、ヒトCDK1触媒サブユニットおよびその正の調節サブユニットサイクリンBの両方を発現する昆虫細胞から単離された(CDK1:New England Biolabs,Beverly,MA,Cat.#6020;サイクリン−B:BIOMOL,Plymouth Meeting,PA,Cat.#SE−195);ペプチド基質(ビオチン)KTPKKAKKPKTPKKAKKL−アミド。
CDK1:サイクリン−Bタンパク質をCDK2:サイクリン−Eタンパク質2で置き換えて、実施例1の方法および材料を用いて、CDK2のIC50データを表2に示す。2サイクリンEとの複合体におけるCDK2(サイクリン依存性キナーゼ2)は、市販されている(Upstate Biotechnology,Lake Placid,NY);ペプチド基質(ビオチン)KTPKKAKKPKTPKKAKKL−アミド
CDK2のIC50データを表2に示す。この方法を用いて、本発明の化合物は、0.07から〜100μMまでのIC50値でCDK2のインヒビターとして有効であることが示された。〜100と記載されるIC50値は、試験した最も高い用量で50%阻害が認められず、そしてまた阻害最大値も認められなかったことを示す。
50mMのTris−HCl pH=8、10mMのMgCl2、0.1mMのNa3PO4、1mMのDTT、10μMのATP、0.025μMのビオチニル化ペプチド基質および0.8μキュリー/ウェルの33P−γ−ATP[2000〜3000Ci/mmol]を含有するキナーゼ反応混合物を調製した。70μLのキナーゼ反応混合物をストレプトアジビン被覆FlashPlatea(Cat.#SMP103,NEN,Boston,MA)のウェルに分注した。次に、100%のDMSO中の試験化合物ストックの1μLをウェルに加え、100μLの最終反応容量を有する混合物における1%のDMSOの最終濃度をもたらした。可溶性ラットVEGF−R2キナーゼ3を5ng/マイクロリットルの濃度で50mMのTris−HCl pH=8.0、0.1%のBSAに希釈し、そして30μL(試験ウェル当たり150ngの酵素)を各ウェルに加えて反応を開始した。反応物を30℃で1時間インキュベーションした。1時間のインキュベーションの最後に、プレートから反応混合物を吸引しそしてウェルを100mMのEDTAを含有するPBSで2回洗浄することにより反応を終わらせた。PLC1ビオチニル化ペプチド基質は、FlashplateTM上に固定されるようになり、そしてプレートをシンチレーションカウンター上で読み取ることにより33P−γ−ATPの取り込みを測定した。VEGF−Rの酵素活性の阻害は、固定化ペプチドに取り込まれる33P−γ−ATPの減少した量を認めることにより測定された。
3VEGF−R2キナーゼ(血管内皮増殖因子受容体−2):N末端にポリヒスチジンタグ、続いてラットVEGF−R2キナーゼドメイン(GenBank受託番号U93306)のアミノ酸786〜1343を含有する融合タンパク質;ペプチド基質(ビオチン)KHKKLAEGSAYEEV−アミド
VEGF−R2キナーゼのIC50データを表3に示す。この方法を用いて、本発明の化合物は、40.24から>100μMまでのIC50値でVEGF−R2キナーゼのインヒビターとして有効であることが示された。>10もしくは>100と記載されるIC50値は、試験した最も高い用量で50%阻害が認められず、そしてまた阻害最大値も認められなかったことを示す。
VEGF−R2キナーゼをHER24で置き換えて、実施例3の方法および材料を用いて、HER2キナーゼのIC50データを表4に示す。
4HER2(ヒト上皮増殖因子受容体−2):N末端にポリヒスチジンタグ、続いてアミノ酸676(受託番号M11730)から始まる24個の追加の非天然アミノ酸、続いてHER2細胞質ドメインの残りを含有する構築物;ペプチド基質(ビオチン)KHKKLAEGSAYEEV−アミド。
細胞増殖の増生を阻害する試験化合物の能力は、細胞内で新たに合成されるDNAへの14C−標識チミジンの取り込みを測定することにより決定した。この方法をHeLa子宮頸部腺癌(American Type Culture Collection(ATCC),Virginia,Cat.#CCL−2)、HCT−116結腸癌(CCL−247)、MDA−MB−231(Xenogen Corp.)、PC−3前立腺腺癌(ATCC CRL−1435)およびA375悪性黒色腫(ATCC CRL−1619)のようないくつかの組織が起源である癌腫に由来する細胞系上で使用した。
Claims (14)
- 式(I):
R1は:
(1)水素;
(2)場合により
(a)C1〜8アルキル、C1〜8アルコキシ、アミノ(場合によりC1〜8アルキルでモノもしくはジ置換されていてもよい)、シアノ、ハロゲン、ハロゲン置換されたC1〜8アルキル、ハロゲン置換されたC1〜8アルコキシ、ヒドロキシもしくはニトロから独立して選択される1個もしくはそれ以上の置換基;
(b)場合によりC1〜8アルキル、C1〜8アルキルアミノ(場合によりC1〜8アルキルでアミノ上でモノもしくはジ置換されていてもよい)、C1〜8アルキル−アリール、C(O)O−t−ブチルもしくはヘテロアリールでアミノ上でモノもしくはジ置換されていてもよい1個の−SO2−アミノ置換基;
(c)1個の−SO2−ヘテロサイクリル置換基;
(d)1個の−NHSO2−アリール置換基;
(e)場合によりC1〜8アルキルでアミノ上でモノもしくはジ置換されていてもよい1個の−C(O)アミノ置換基;
(f)末端がC1〜8アルキルもしくはアリールである1個の−NHC(O)−置換基;
(g)末端が水素もしくはC1〜8アルキルである1個の−CO2−置換基;
(j)1個の−NHC(O)NH−アリール置換基;または
(k)1個の−NHC(S)NH−アリール置換基;
(l)ピペリジニル、ピペラジニル、モルホリニル、チオモルホリニルもしくはテトラ−ヒドロ−ピリダジニルから選択されるヘテロサイクリル、アリールまたはピロリル、オキサゾリル、チアゾリル、イミダゾリル、ピラゾリル、イソオキサゾリルもしくはイソチアゾリルから選択されるヘテロアリールから選択される1個の置換基
で置換されていてもよいアリール;
(3)場合によりC1〜8アルキル、C1〜8アルコキシ、アミノ(場合によりC1〜8アルキルでモノもしくはジ置換されていてもよい)、シアノ、ハロゲン、ハロゲン置換されたC1〜8アルキル、ハロゲン置換されたC1〜8アルコキシ、ヒドロキシもしくはニトロから独立して選択される1個もしくはそれ以上の置換基で置換されていてもよいヘテロアリール(非置換のピリジニル);
(4)末端がアリール、ヘテロアリールもしくはアルキルである−C(O)−;
(5)末端がアリール、ヘテロアリールもしくはアルキルである−C(O)NH−置換基;または
(6)末端がアリール、ヘテロアリールもしくはアルキルである−C(S)NH−置換基から選択され;
R2は水素、C1〜8アルキル、C1〜8アルコキシ、アミノ(場合によりC1〜8アルキルでモノもしくはジ置換されていてもよい)、シアノ、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシ、メル
カプト、S(C1〜8)アルキルもしくはニトロから選択され;
ここで、C1〜8アルキルおよびC1〜8アルコキシは、単独であろうともしくは置換基の一部としてであろうと、場合によりハロゲンもしくはアミノ(場合によりC1〜8アルキルでアミノ上でモノもしくはジ置換されていてもよい)から独立して選択される1個もしくはそれ以上の置換基で置換されていてもよく;
R3はアリールもしくはヘテロアリールから選択され、
(1)ここで、アリールは場合によりC1〜8アルキル、C1〜8アルコキシ、アミノ(場合によりC1〜8アルキルでモノもしくはジ置換されていてもよい)、シアノ、ハロゲン、ハロゲン置換されたC1〜8アルキル、ハロゲン置換されたC1〜8アルコキシ、ヒドロキシもしくはニトロから独立して選択される1個もしくはそれ以上の置換基で置換されていてもよく;そして
(2)ここで、ヘテロアリールは場合により
(a)C1〜8アルキル、C1〜8アルコキシ、アミノ(場合によりC1〜8アルキルでモノもしくはジ置換されていてもよい)、シアノ、ハロゲン、ハロゲン置換されたC1〜8アルキル、ハロゲン置換されたC1〜8アルコキシ、ヒドロキシもしくはニトロから選択される1個もしくはそれ以上の置換基で環炭素原子上で;または
(b)1個のC1〜8アルキル置換基で環窒素原子上で
置換されていてもよい]
の化合物もしくはその製薬学的に許容しうる形態。 - 請求項1の化合物;および
1種もしくはそれ以上の製薬学的に許容しうる賦形剤
を含んでなる製薬学的組成物。 - 組成物が無菌である請求項4の組成物。
- 組成物が約25μMもしくはそれ以下;約10μMもしくはそれ以下;約1μMもしくはそれ以下;および約0.5μMもしくはそれ以下よりなる群から選択されるCDK酵素に対する阻害定数を有する請求項4の組成物。
- 化学療法薬をさらに含んでなる請求項4の組成物。
- 該化合物が約0.01〜約500ミリグラムの間の量で存在する請求項4の組成物。
- 皮下、静脈内、筋肉内、腹腔内、口腔、眼球、直腸、非経口、全身内(intrasystemic)、膣内、局所、経口、経鼻および経皮よりなる群から選択される経路による投与に適した請求項4の組成物。
- CDK酵素を請求項1の1種もしくはそれ以上の化合物と接触させることを含んでなるCDK酵素の阻害方法。
- 該CDK酵素がCDK1、CDK2、CDK4、CDK5およびCDK6よりなる群から選択される請求項10の方法。
- 請求項1の化合物を処置もしくは改善を必要とする患者に投与することを含んでなるCDK媒介疾患を処置するかもしくは改善する方法。
- 抗増殖治療を施すことをさらに含んでなる請求項12の方法。
- 該抗増殖治療が化学療法、放射線療法、遺伝子療法および免疫療法よりなる群から選択される請求項13の方法。
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US52347803P | 2003-11-19 | 2003-11-19 | |
PCT/US2004/036880 WO2005051387A1 (en) | 2003-11-19 | 2004-11-04 | Amino substituted pyridinyl methanone compounds useful in treating kinase disorders |
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US (1) | US7109220B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1689394A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2007511606A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20060123330A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1905872A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2004292407A1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0416777A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2546709A1 (ja) |
MX (1) | MXPA06005628A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005051387A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
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JP2008505955A (ja) * | 2004-07-15 | 2008-02-28 | エフ.ホフマン−ラ ロシュ アーゲー | 新規な2,6−ジアミノピリジン−3−オン誘導体 |
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US8569356B2 (en) * | 2005-10-25 | 2013-10-29 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors |
GB0812969D0 (en) | 2008-07-15 | 2008-08-20 | Sentinel Oncology Ltd | Pharmaceutical compounds |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3980659A (en) * | 1972-06-22 | 1976-09-14 | Cassella Farbwerke Mainkur Aktiengesellschaft | Certain 6-amino-4-hydrocarbyl-nicotinamides |
Family Cites Families (2)
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US3946024A (en) * | 1972-06-22 | 1976-03-23 | Cassella Farbwerke Mainkur Ag | 2-Hydrocarbyloxy-pyridine compounds |
DE2230392A1 (de) * | 1972-06-22 | 1974-01-31 | Cassella Farbwerke Mainkur Ag | Substituierte pyridinverbindungen und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
-
2004
- 2004-11-04 MX MXPA06005628A patent/MXPA06005628A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2004-11-04 CN CNA2004800405252A patent/CN1905872A/zh active Pending
- 2004-11-04 WO PCT/US2004/036880 patent/WO2005051387A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-11-04 JP JP2006541225A patent/JP2007511606A/ja active Pending
- 2004-11-04 EP EP04800773A patent/EP1689394A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-11-04 US US10/981,087 patent/US7109220B2/en active Active
- 2004-11-04 CA CA002546709A patent/CA2546709A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-11-04 KR KR1020067011721A patent/KR20060123330A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-11-04 BR BRPI0416777-5A patent/BRPI0416777A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-11-04 AU AU2004292407A patent/AU2004292407A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3980659A (en) * | 1972-06-22 | 1976-09-14 | Cassella Farbwerke Mainkur Aktiengesellschaft | Certain 6-amino-4-hydrocarbyl-nicotinamides |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2008505955A (ja) * | 2004-07-15 | 2008-02-28 | エフ.ホフマン−ラ ロシュ アーゲー | 新規な2,6−ジアミノピリジン−3−オン誘導体 |
Also Published As
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US20050124610A1 (en) | 2005-06-09 |
EP1689394A1 (en) | 2006-08-16 |
CN1905872A (zh) | 2007-01-31 |
CA2546709A1 (en) | 2005-06-09 |
KR20060123330A (ko) | 2006-12-01 |
EP1689394A4 (en) | 2009-06-03 |
US7109220B2 (en) | 2006-09-19 |
MXPA06005628A (es) | 2006-12-14 |
WO2005051387A1 (en) | 2005-06-09 |
BRPI0416777A (pt) | 2007-04-17 |
AU2004292407A1 (en) | 2005-06-09 |
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