JP2007506856A - バイオマス精製燃料の低温触媒ガス化装置および方法 - Google Patents
バイオマス精製燃料の低温触媒ガス化装置および方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
H2S+CaO→CaS+H2O
Fe2O3/CaO混合触媒下でSOCA(Sludge-Oil-Coal Agglomerates)のガス化のため,前記混合触媒とSOCAを,無触媒ガス化と類似の運転条件の下で,3.4:1で均一に混合してガス生成物を得た。生成物の状態は図4のとおりである。混合触媒の使用時,ガス化反応の開始温度は230℃で,無触媒時の560℃に比べて極めて低い温度で開始し,無触媒時に比べてCO転換は少なく,炭化水素が多く発生したが,大部分メタンであることが確認された。無触媒ガス化では,850℃以上で炭化水素が発生し,COの発生も1050℃以上で行われたが,混合触媒使用の際,COと炭化水素が500℃前後で旺盛に発生し,特にCOは850℃程度で再度最大に発生して短時間内にガス化反応が完結される。混合触媒を使用してガス化反応を行った後に測定した未反応チャーの発生量は約0.35%で非常に少なかったが,無触媒の条件で1050℃で2時間維持した後の残留チャー発生量約11.31%に比べては優れた結果を見せた。
第1段ガス化でアルカリ土金属の酸化物であるCaO触媒を使用し,2段触媒改質過程でNiO触媒を使用した結果,図5に示すように,第1段触媒CaOのみを使用した場合に比べて,COの発生は類似するが,炭化水素発生は少し増加し,短時間に反応が完了した。しかし,表1に示すように,酸化カルシウムを1段触媒として使用した後,2段触媒としてNiOとMnO2を使用した結果,1次触媒のみを使用した場合に比べて,タールの発生およびNH3とHCNの発生が著しく少なかったが,これは,殆どタールが改質反応され,かつFuel−Nが直ちにN2へ転換されたからであると判断される。一方,MnO2触媒は,NiO触媒に比べて,タール改質反応が劣等で,Fuel−NがHCNに転換されるだけで,アンモニアまで転換されないことから,NiO触媒が2段触媒としてFuel−Nの改質に一層優れていることを表す。
Claims (11)
- 精製燃料を一時収容し,該精製燃料を定量的に供給する下部にスクリューフィーダ(11)を有する燃料ホッパー(10)と,
該燃料ホッパー(10)の近傍に配置され,前記スクリューフィーダ(11)に連通する装入口を中央部に有し,下部に熱空気管(21)およびスチーム管(22)を設けて成る触媒循環流動床ガス化炉(20)と,
該触媒循環流動床ガス化炉(20)の上部と,管を介して連通し,上側壁からフライアッシュを収集する集塵サイクロン(30)と,
該集塵サイクロン(30)の上部と管を介して連通し,低層に固定床フィルター吸着剤層(41)と,上層に流動触媒層(42)を有する触媒改質器(40)と,
該触媒改質器(40)の上部と管を介して前記触媒改質器(40)に連通する熱交換器(50)と,
該熱交換器(50)の近傍に配置され,該熱交換器(50)に連通する本体(61),タール貯蔵槽(62)及びタールを循環する循環ポンプ(63)を含むタールスクラバー(60)と,
該タールスクラバー(60)の近傍に配置されたガス貯蔵槽(70)と,
を含むことを特徴とするバイオマス精製燃料の低温触媒ガス化装置。 - 前記触媒循環流動床ガス化炉(20)は,その上部に小型サイクロン(23)をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1記載のバイオマス精製燃料の低温触媒ガス化装置。
- 前記触媒改質器(40)は,前記固定床フィルター吸着剤層(41)の下部に,スチーム噴霧器(43)をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1記載のバイオマス精製燃料の低温触媒ガス化装置。
- 前記固定床フィルター吸着剤層(41)は,カートリッジ形態を有するもので,石綿材質フィルター,粒状アルカリ土金属酸化物,およびアルカリ金属塩を含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載のバイオマス精製燃料の低温触媒ガス化装置。
- 前記タール貯蔵槽(62)は,発生したタールを収集するために,前記触媒改質器(40)と前記熱交換器(50)のそれぞれの下部管にタールバルブ(64)を介して連通していることを特徴とする請求項1記載のバイオマス精製燃料の低温触媒ガス化装置。
- バイオマス有機廃棄物/石炭/重油を精製してなる混合物を,スクリューフィーダを利用して,ガス化炉の中央部に供給する燃料供給段階と,
触媒存在下で,熱空気およびスチームを使用して,燃料を乾燥,揮発化,低温触媒ガス化,および部分燃焼反応させる触媒循環流動ガス化段階と,
前記触媒循環流動ガス化段階で発生したガス中のフライアッシュを収集する集塵段階と,
低層の固定吸着層を通じてガスを改質させ,上層の流動触媒層を通じてタール−窒素,芳香族−窒素,燐,および硫黄を改質させる触媒改質段階と,
ガスを200℃以下に冷却させ,凝縮液はタール貯蔵槽に送る熱交換段階と,
転換されなかったタールまたは未凝縮液体を凝縮して回収し,凝縮液体をガスストリッピングするタールスクラビング段階と,
ガスを圧縮して一時貯蔵するガス貯蔵段階と,
を含んでなることを特徴とするバイオマス精製燃料の低温触媒ガス化方法。 - 前記触媒循環流動ガス化段階で使用される前記触媒は,流動化可能な粒状または粉末の天然石灰石と,石灰マグネサイトと,生石灰と,カルシウム,マグネシウム,バリウムなどのアルカリ土金属およびその酸化物と,カリウムなどのアルカリ金属およびその酸化物と,アルミナと,これらの混合物からなる群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項6記載のバイオマス精製燃料の低温触媒ガス化方法。
- 前記触媒循環流動ガス化段階は,飛散する触媒または燃料凝集物を小型サイクロン(23)を通じて触媒循環流動床ガス化炉(20)に再循環させる段階をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項6記載のバイオマス精製燃料の低温触媒ガス化方法。
- 前記触媒改質段階は,改質反応を促進し配管が詰まることを防止するため,前記固定床吸着層(41)の下部に水蒸気を噴霧して,改質温度を650℃以下にする段階をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項6記載のバイオマス精製燃料の低温触媒ガス化方法。
- 前記触媒改質段階は,前記固定床吸着剤層(41)に化学的に吸着されるように,硫化水素はCaSに,燐はPαHβSγHalogenδ(α=1−7,β=0−5,γ=0−7,δ=0−7)に転換させることを含むことを特徴とする請求項6記載のバイオマス精製燃料の低温触媒ガス化方法。
- 前記触媒改質段階で使用される前記流動触媒層(42)の流動触媒は,タールをガス化によって分解させ,芳香族−窒素またはHCNをアルカン化合物(Alkane)またはアルケン(Alkene)化合物およびNH3に転換させる作用をする,Ni,Fe,Co,Mo,Mn,Zr,Ti,Ce,Ru,RhまたはPtなどの単一金属およびこれらの酸化物,またはこれらの混合物であることを特徴とする請求項6記載のバイオマス精製燃料の低温触媒ガス化方法。
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- 2005-06-14 JP JP2006535283A patent/JP4243295B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-06-14 EP EP05750463A patent/EP1773968A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-06-14 US US10/560,992 patent/US20070094929A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1773968A4 (en) | 2012-03-28 |
WO2006031011A1 (en) | 2006-03-23 |
KR20060012934A (ko) | 2006-02-09 |
EP1773968A1 (en) | 2007-04-18 |
US20070094929A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
JP4243295B2 (ja) | 2009-03-25 |
KR100569120B1 (ko) | 2006-04-10 |
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