JP2007505111A - 非沈静a−2アゴニスト1−(2,3−ジメチル−フェニル)−エチル−1、3−ジヒドロ−イミダゾール−2−チオン - Google Patents
非沈静a−2アゴニスト1−(2,3−ジメチル−フェニル)−エチル−1、3−ジヒドロ−イミダゾール−2−チオン Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007505111A JP2007505111A JP2006526107A JP2006526107A JP2007505111A JP 2007505111 A JP2007505111 A JP 2007505111A JP 2006526107 A JP2006526107 A JP 2006526107A JP 2006526107 A JP2006526107 A JP 2006526107A JP 2007505111 A JP2007505111 A JP 2007505111A
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- agonists
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、一般的には、痛みの処置および慢性の痛みの長期間にわたる緩和に関し、詳細には、α−アドレナリン作動性アゴニスト、およびα−2Aアドレナリン作動性受容体の選択的アンタゴニストに関する。
臨床での痛みには、侵害受容性の痛みおよび神経障害性の痛みが含まれる。それぞれのタイプの痛みは、損傷部位および隣接する正常な組織における感覚過敏によって特徴づけられる。侵害受容性の痛みは、通常、継続時間が限定され、利用可能なオピオイド治療によく応答するが、神経障害性の痛みは、例えば、切断術の後で生じることが多い「ゴースト痛み」において明らかであるように、開始事象が治癒した後も長く持続し得る。慢性の痛み症候群(例えば、慢性の神経障害性の痛みなど)は、手術、圧迫傷害もしくは外傷、感染性因子、毒性薬物、炎症性障害、または代謝性疾患(例えば、糖尿病または虚血など)を含む様々な傷害のいずれかによって引き起こされる。
本発明は、
α−2Aアドレナリン作動性受容体、α−2Bアドレナリン作動性受容体およびα−2Cアドレナリン作動性受容体のそれぞれにおいて、ブリモニジンと比べて25%を超える効力を有する化合物を意味し、汎α−1汎α−2アゴニストを包含する。様々な汎α−2アゴニストがこの分野では知られており、これらに、クロニジン、ブリモニジン、チザニジン、デキセメデトミジンおよびノルエピネフリンが含まれる。汎α−2アゴニストは、α−2A受容体、α−2B受容体およびα−2C受容体のそれぞれにおいて、ブリモニジンと比べて25%を超える効力を少なくとも有する。本発明は、現在までその痛みを抑えるために生涯にわたる毎日の薬物療法に直面している、慢性の痛みで苦しんでいる人々に対する新しい治療方法を提供する。そのような薬物は、脊椎投与されたとき、有用な鎮痛剤である。α−アドレナリン作動性アゴニストの望ましくない薬理学的性質、特に、鎮静作用および血圧低下により、これらの薬物の有用性が、経口投与または他の末梢経路によって投与されたときには制限されている。従って、経口経路または他の末梢経路によって投与することができ、かつ、鎮静作用および血圧低下などの望ましくない副作用を有しない効果的な鎮痛剤が求められている。本発明はこの要求を満たし、関連した利点もまた提供する。
化合物1の製造
本実施例は、α−2A/α−1A選択的アゴニスト、化合物1の製造を記載する。
A.化合物1((+)−(S)−4−[1−(2,3−ジメチル−フェニル)−エチル]−1、3−ジヒドロ−イミダゾール−2−チエン)の製造
ブリモニジンよりも高いα−2A/α−1A機能的選択性を有するα−2アゴニストのキャラクタリゼーション
α−アドレナリン作動性アゴニストを使用したα2−A受容体ノックアウトマウスにおける痛みの末梢での処置
本実施例では、α−アドレナリン作動性アゴニストが、α−2A受容体活性化の不存在下で末梢投与されたとき、効果的な鎮痛剤であることが明らかにされる。非特異的なα−アドレナリン作動性アゴニストが、スルプロストン感作された痛みのマウスモデルを使用してα−2A受容体欠損(「ノックアウト」)マウス(Hein他、上掲、1999)においてアッセイされた。このマウスモデルでは、本質的には、Minami他、Pain 57:217−223(1994)に記載されるように、異疼痛が、選択的プロスタグランジンE2受容体アゴニストを意識のあるマウスにクモ膜下投与することによって誘発される。このモデルにおいて、はけで側腹をなでることに対する痛み応答が、スルプロストンの脊髄投与および薬物またはコントロールビヒクルのクモ膜下投与または腹腔内投与の15分後から開始して35分間の期間にわたって8回スコア化される。スルプロストンは、16点の測定尺度で12点〜13点の「痛み」のスコアを誘発する。
α−2B/C選択的アゴニストの化合物8が、神経障害性の痛みの別のラット神経傷害モデルであるBennett部分坐骨神経結紮モデルにおいて試験された。このラットモデルは、ヒトにおいて認められる痛み感覚と類似した痛み感覚の障害を伴う末梢単神経障害をもたらす(BennettおよびXie、Pain、33:87−107(1988))。Bennettモデルでは、神経傷害が、締め付ける結紮糸で坐骨神経の周囲をゆるく縛り、これにより、締め付け部から遠位側の神経の変性を引き起こすことによってもたらされる。異疼痛および痛覚過敏が、無意識での痛みに加えて、締め付け傷害によってもたらされる(BennettおよびXie、上掲(1988))。具体的には、冷たさに対する異疼痛、すなわち、冷刺激からの痛み感覚が、変化した痛み感覚の1つの発現である:Bennettモデル動物は、コントロール動物とは対照的に、冷たい表面から、手術された肢の足を頻繁に持ち上げる。
Claims (6)
- 前記選択的アゴニストのα−1A効果がブリモニジンよりも低いまたはα−1A/α−2A効力がブリモニジンの効力よりも低い、請求項1記載のα−2A/α−1A選択的アゴニスト。
- 前記選択的アゴニストのα−1A効果がブリモニジンよりも低いまたはα−1A/α−2A効力がブリモニジンの効力よりも低い、請求項4記載の医薬組成物。
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