JP2007146840A - 内燃機関の、少なくとも1つの非作動のシリンダの吸気および/または排気の制御方法 - Google Patents
内燃機関の、少なくとも1つの非作動のシリンダの吸気および/または排気の制御方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2007146840A JP2007146840A JP2006315458A JP2006315458A JP2007146840A JP 2007146840 A JP2007146840 A JP 2007146840A JP 2006315458 A JP2006315458 A JP 2006315458A JP 2006315458 A JP2006315458 A JP 2006315458A JP 2007146840 A JP2007146840 A JP 2007146840A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust
- intake
- valve
- cylinder
- dead center
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
- F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
- F02D13/0261—Controlling the valve overlap
- F02D13/0265—Negative valve overlap for temporarily storing residual gas in the cylinder
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
- F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
- F02D13/0203—Variable control of intake and exhaust valves
- F02D13/0215—Variable control of intake and exhaust valves changing the valve timing only
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
- F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
- F02D13/06—Cutting-out cylinders
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D17/00—Controlling engines by cutting out individual cylinders; Rendering engines inoperative or idling
- F02D17/02—Cutting-out
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/01—Internal exhaust gas recirculation, i.e. wherein the residual exhaust gases are trapped in the cylinder or pushed back from the intake or the exhaust manifold into the combustion chamber without the use of additional passages
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
- F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
- F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
- F02D2041/001—Controlling intake air for engines with variable valve actuation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
- F02D2041/001—Controlling intake air for engines with variable valve actuation
- F02D2041/0012—Controlling intake air for engines with variable valve actuation with selective deactivation of cylinders
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】非作動のシリンダにおける吸気弁Aと排気弁Bの開閉のタイミングを、作動状態のシリンダにおけるタイミングとは変化させる。非作動のシリンダでは、吸気弁Aを、吸気上死点PMHa付近で開き、膨張上死点PMHd付近で閉じ、排気弁Bを、膨張上死点PMHd付近で開き、吸気上死点PMHa付近で閉じる。
【選択図】図2
Description
内燃機関が低負荷、すなわち部分負荷で稼働している時に、
非作動のシリンダの吸気弁と排気弁とのうちの一方の弁を上死点付近で開き、
この弁を次の上死点付近で閉じる、
ことを特徴とする方法に関する。
18,20,22,24 燃焼室
26 吸気手段
28 吸気弁
30 吸気管
32 排気手段
34 排気弁
36 排気管
38,40 弁駆動手段
42 燃料供給手段
44 噴射用傾斜路
46 噴射ノズル
48 点火手段
50 制御ユニット
52,54,56 制御線
Claims (6)
- 4つのフェーズで動作する内燃機関の、少なくとも1つの非作動のシリンダ(10,12,14,16)の吸気および/または排気を制御する方法であって、前記シリンダは、吸気弁(28)を備える吸気手段、排気弁(34)を備える排気手段、燃料噴射手段(42)、点火手段(48)、および、当該シリンダ内で上死点(PMHa,PMHd)に相当する位置と下死点(PMBa,PMBd)に相当する位置との間をスライドするピストンを有する、吸気および/または排気を制御する方法において、
前記内燃機関が低負荷、すなわち部分負荷で稼働している時に、
前記非作動のシリンダの前記吸気弁(34)と前記排気弁(28)のうちの一方の弁を前記上死点(PMHa,PMHd)付近で開き、
当該弁を、次の前記上死点(PMHa,PMHd)付近で閉じる、
ことを特徴とする、吸気および/または排気を制御する方法。 - 排気ガスが前記非作動のシリンダ内に入るように、前記内燃機関の膨張フェーズの開始に相当する前記上死点(PMHd)付近で前記排気弁(34)を開く、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記吸気弁と前記排気弁のうちの一方の弁(34)を、他方の弁(28)を閉じた後に続いて開く、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記非作動のシリンダで新気の掃気が行われるように、前記非作動のシリンダの前記排気弁(34)と前記吸気弁(28)の間で動作が重なりあうようにする、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つの前記シリンダを、当該シリンダに燃料を供給しないことによって非作動にする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記非作動のシリンダの前記点火手段への給電を遮断する、請求項1に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0511999 | 2005-11-24 | ||
FR0511999A FR2893676B1 (fr) | 2005-11-24 | 2005-11-24 | Procede pour controler l'admission et/ou l'echappement d'au moins un cylindre desactive d'un moteur a combustion interne |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2007146840A true JP2007146840A (ja) | 2007-06-14 |
JP2007146840A5 JP2007146840A5 (ja) | 2009-12-03 |
JP4814063B2 JP4814063B2 (ja) | 2011-11-09 |
Family
ID=36870014
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006315458A Expired - Fee Related JP4814063B2 (ja) | 2005-11-24 | 2006-11-22 | 内燃機関の、少なくとも1つの非作動のシリンダの吸気および/または排気の制御方法 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7395813B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1790841A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4814063B2 (ja) |
FR (1) | FR2893676B1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2012007611A (ja) * | 2010-06-18 | 2012-01-12 | Crf Soc Consortile Per Azioni | 非作動となり得るシリンダを備え、吸気バルブの可変制御で排気再循環を行う、内燃エンジン、及び、内燃エンジンの制御方法 |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2925127A1 (fr) * | 2007-12-13 | 2009-06-19 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Moteur a combustion interne du type a cylindres selectivement actifs ou inactifs avec un dispositif de controle de son alimentation en air |
FR2930800B1 (fr) * | 2008-04-30 | 2011-09-16 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Installation de depollution des gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion interne du type a cylindres selectivement actifs ou inactifs et procede utilisant une telle installation |
JP6134721B2 (ja) * | 2011-10-03 | 2017-05-24 | ボルボ テクノロジー コーポレイション | 内燃エンジンシステムおよび内燃エンジンシステムを備える車両 |
JP5351233B2 (ja) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-11-27 | 日野自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の制御装置 |
US9890732B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-02-13 | Tula Technology, Inc. | Valve fault detection |
US9399963B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-07-26 | Tula Technology, Inc. | Misfire detection system |
US9562470B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-02-07 | Tula Technology, Inc. | Valve fault detection |
CN104246183B (zh) * | 2013-04-02 | 2017-09-01 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 可变气门机构的控制装置 |
FR3010452A1 (fr) * | 2013-09-10 | 2015-03-13 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Moteur a combustion de vehicule automobile a desactivation de cylindre amelioree |
CN105556099B (zh) | 2013-09-18 | 2018-05-22 | 图拉技术公司 | 用于动态跳过点火发动机中的安全阀启动的系统和方法 |
US9650923B2 (en) | 2013-09-18 | 2017-05-16 | Tula Technology, Inc. | System and method for safe valve activation in a dynamic skip firing engine |
US10088388B2 (en) | 2014-10-16 | 2018-10-02 | Tula Technology, Inc. | Engine error detection system |
WO2016060994A1 (en) | 2014-10-16 | 2016-04-21 | Tula Technology, Inc. | Engine error detection system |
US10605209B2 (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2020-03-31 | Cummins Inc. | Thermal management via exhaust gas recirculation |
WO2017127587A1 (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2017-07-27 | Eaton Corporation | Air flow management strategies for a diesel engine |
US11199162B2 (en) | 2016-01-19 | 2021-12-14 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | In-cylinder EGR and VVA for aftertreatment temperature control |
DE112022000592T5 (de) | 2021-01-11 | 2023-11-02 | Tula Technology, Inc. | Diagnose und management von auslassventilfehlern |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS58176428A (ja) * | 1982-09-30 | 1983-10-15 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 気筒数制御エンジン |
JPS58180743A (ja) * | 1982-04-16 | 1983-10-22 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 気筒数制御エンジン |
JPS58195006A (ja) * | 1982-05-07 | 1983-11-14 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 気筒数制御エンジン |
JPH06207540A (ja) * | 1993-01-12 | 1994-07-26 | Toyota Motor Corp | 作動気筒数可変式多気筒内燃機関における休止気筒の吸排気弁制御装置 |
JPH06346711A (ja) * | 1993-06-07 | 1994-12-20 | Mazda Motor Corp | 気筒数制御エンジン |
JP2001132484A (ja) * | 1999-11-05 | 2001-05-15 | Denso Corp | 内燃機関の可変気筒制御装置 |
JP2009508040A (ja) * | 2005-09-12 | 2009-02-26 | ボルボ ラストバグナー アーベー | 内燃エンジンの運転方法 |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4414935A (en) * | 1981-02-09 | 1983-11-15 | Curtis Nikolaus A | Cylinder deactivation device with slotted sleeve mechanism |
US4411229A (en) * | 1981-02-09 | 1983-10-25 | Mile-Age Research Corporation | Cylinder deactivation device |
DE3315396A1 (de) * | 1983-04-28 | 1984-10-31 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Kanagawa | Mehrzylinder-brennkraftmaschine |
US5467748A (en) * | 1995-03-16 | 1995-11-21 | Ford Motor Company | Internal combustion engine with intake port throttling and exhaust camshaft phase shifting for cylinder deactivation |
US5642703A (en) * | 1995-10-16 | 1997-07-01 | Ford Motor Company | Internal combustion engine with intake and exhaust camshaft phase shifting for cylinder deactivation |
JP3733786B2 (ja) * | 1999-05-21 | 2006-01-11 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 電磁駆動弁を有する内燃機関 |
JP4043673B2 (ja) * | 1999-11-17 | 2008-02-06 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 車両の動力源制御装置 |
JP2002242717A (ja) * | 2001-02-20 | 2002-08-28 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | ハイブリッド車両の制御装置 |
US6752121B2 (en) * | 2001-05-18 | 2004-06-22 | General Motors Corporation | Cylinder deactivation system timing control synchronization |
DE10159758A1 (de) * | 2001-12-05 | 2003-07-24 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer mehrzylindrigen Brennkraftmaschine |
DE10260169B4 (de) * | 2002-12-20 | 2012-07-26 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine |
US7260467B2 (en) * | 2003-12-12 | 2007-08-21 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Cylinder deactivation method to minimize drivetrain torsional disturbances |
DE102004054166B4 (de) * | 2004-11-10 | 2016-03-10 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zur individuellen Ab- und Zuschaltung von Zylindern einer Mehrzylinderbrennkraftmaschine und Mehrzylinderbrennkraftmaschine |
-
2005
- 2005-11-24 FR FR0511999A patent/FR2893676B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-11-14 EP EP06291776A patent/EP1790841A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-11-22 US US11/562,499 patent/US7395813B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-11-22 JP JP2006315458A patent/JP4814063B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS58180743A (ja) * | 1982-04-16 | 1983-10-22 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 気筒数制御エンジン |
JPS58195006A (ja) * | 1982-05-07 | 1983-11-14 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 気筒数制御エンジン |
JPS58176428A (ja) * | 1982-09-30 | 1983-10-15 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 気筒数制御エンジン |
JPH06207540A (ja) * | 1993-01-12 | 1994-07-26 | Toyota Motor Corp | 作動気筒数可変式多気筒内燃機関における休止気筒の吸排気弁制御装置 |
JPH06346711A (ja) * | 1993-06-07 | 1994-12-20 | Mazda Motor Corp | 気筒数制御エンジン |
JP2001132484A (ja) * | 1999-11-05 | 2001-05-15 | Denso Corp | 内燃機関の可変気筒制御装置 |
JP2009508040A (ja) * | 2005-09-12 | 2009-02-26 | ボルボ ラストバグナー アーベー | 内燃エンジンの運転方法 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2012007611A (ja) * | 2010-06-18 | 2012-01-12 | Crf Soc Consortile Per Azioni | 非作動となり得るシリンダを備え、吸気バルブの可変制御で排気再循環を行う、内燃エンジン、及び、内燃エンジンの制御方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1790841A1 (fr) | 2007-05-30 |
US7395813B2 (en) | 2008-07-08 |
US20070215119A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
FR2893676B1 (fr) | 2008-01-04 |
JP4814063B2 (ja) | 2011-11-09 |
FR2893676A1 (fr) | 2007-05-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP4814063B2 (ja) | 内燃機関の、少なくとも1つの非作動のシリンダの吸気および/または排気の制御方法 | |
JP5351233B2 (ja) | 内燃機関の制御装置 | |
US20110023817A1 (en) | Variable-coordination-timing type self-cooling engine with variable-profile-camshaft | |
KR101725850B1 (ko) | 단류 소기식 2사이클 엔진 | |
JP2006329193A (ja) | 間接噴射式のエンジン、特に過給エンジンの燃焼済みガスの掃気を制御する方法と、その方法を用いるエンジン | |
JP2011149428A (ja) | 部分負荷の下で動作している直噴で過給式の多気筒内燃エンジンの残留燃焼ガス掃気方法 | |
CN104895633A (zh) | 具有快速打开式气门正时的发动机控制系统 | |
JP5888235B2 (ja) | スプリットサイクルエンジン | |
JP2004516405A (ja) | 内燃機関を運転するための方法および装置 | |
US20090064975A1 (en) | Two-stroke combustion engine | |
JP2016031067A (ja) | 圧縮着火式エンジンの制御装置 | |
US8555834B2 (en) | Device and method configured to control valve operation in a piston engine | |
KR20080092974A (ko) | 액체 분사식 2-행정 연소 엔진 | |
JP2005291210A (ja) | 内燃過給エンジンの排気ガスの再循環を制御する方法およびそのような方法を使用するエンジン | |
CN104775918A (zh) | 具有扩大的气门开度的双燃料发动机 | |
JP4992846B2 (ja) | 内燃機関 | |
JP2005315234A (ja) | 内燃機関及び内燃機関の制御装置 | |
CN102852577B (zh) | 包括具有两个凸起的排气凸轮的四冲程内燃机 | |
JP2009275545A (ja) | 内燃機関の可変動弁装置 | |
JP2016023589A (ja) | 圧縮着火式エンジンの制御装置 | |
JP4719142B2 (ja) | 内部egrシステム付き多シリンダ4サイクルエンジン | |
US8360029B2 (en) | Method for improving vaporization of a fuel for an internal combustion engine notably of direct injection type, in particular an autoignition engine, and more particularly of diesel type | |
JP2016070101A (ja) | エンジン | |
CN108952975B (zh) | 用于运行外源点火式内燃机的方法和设备 | |
JP2006083762A (ja) | 可変気筒内燃機関の制御装置 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20091015 |
|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20091015 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20100922 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20101006 |
|
A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20110106 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20110727 |
|
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20110825 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20140902 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |